principles of landscape design.pptx

8/9/2019 PRINCIPLES OF LANDSCAPE DESIGN.pptx

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PRINCIPLES OF

LANDSCAPE DESIGN

GROUP MEMBERS:-ANUPMA OJHA

MOHD. USAMAH KHAN

VIKRAM SINGH

VIBHUSHIT A. SAXENA

YASHI MITTAL


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PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

•Landscape designers use these principles of design to create landscape

designs that are both functional and aesthetically pleasing.

• The elements of design are line, form, texture, and color. A designer usesthese elements to generate a design.

•Design principles guide designers in organizing elements for a visuallypleasing landscape.

•Physical and psychological comfort are two important concepts in designthat are achieved through use of these principles.

• People feel more psychologically comfortable in a landscape that has orderand repetition.

•Organized landscapes with predictable patterns are easier to "read" andtend to make people feel at ease.

•


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PRINC

IPLES

OF

LAN

DSCAPE


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1.FOCALIZATION

•Focalization is created as a visual break in the sequence and flow of the

landscape. The visual break captures the attention of the viewer and drawsit to the focal point.

• The focal point is the point or area of the landscape that attracts the viewer’s eyes. Without a point or area on which to focus, the viewer’s eyes become lost and confused throughout the landscape.

• The focal points in a landscape may also be focal areas. These focal areasmay change throughout the year. For example, In the spring and summerthe focal area changes between colorful groups of annual bedding plantsand groups of blooming trees and shrubs in the landscape.

•Focal areas consist of a group of parts or components.

•Minor focal points are effective in advancing the viewer’s eyes through thelandscape to the main attraction or dominant focal point.


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• The viewer's eye is quickly forced along straight lines to a focal point. Generally, weaker or flowing lines offocalization are desirable in the residential landscape.

•Indirect focalization is created by lines curved in the same direction.

• Focalization can be adjusted by plant materials along the lines to create symmetrical or asymmetrical focalization.

• Asymmetrical focalization is indirect while symmetrical focalization is more direct, creating stronger focalization.

•Since focalization can be used to direct attention to a point. Therefore, focalization could be used to direct traffic ina garden area.

•Plants that draw attention are often called specimen plants. These are plants with a unique form, size, or texture

that stand out from the surrounding plants.

•Garden ornaments also work well to attract attention because they are often dramatically different from plantmaterial.


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Balance is a design principle defined in terms of weight. It refers to the

equilibrium or equality of visual attraction.

It is the equalization of visual weight from one area of a landscapecomposition to another.

Two distinctly different types of balance exist in landscape design:symmetrical and asymmetrical.

2. BALANCE

ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE SYMMETRICAL BALANCE


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•Symmetrical balance is achieved when one side of the design is amirror image of the other side.

• There is a distinct dividing line between the two sides.

• Equal lines, forms, textures or colors are on each side of asymmetrical design.

• Symmetrical balance is a formal balance. It is sometimesreferred to as bi-lateral symmetry.

ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE

• Asymmetrical balance is an informal balance.• Asymmetrical balance uses different forms, colors and textures to obtain

balance of visual attraction.

• These opposing compositions on either side of the central axis createequal attraction. For example, mass may be opposed by color or lineardimension by height.• An asymmetrically balanced design implies equal weights on either sideof the center axis.• Form, color, size, and texture all affect balance.

SYMMETRICAL BALANCE


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•Perspective balance is concerned with the balance of the foreground,

midground, and background.

• When looking at a composition, the objects in front usually have greater visual weight because they are closer to the viewer.

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This can be balanced, if desired, by using larger objects, brighter colors,or coarse texture in the background. In most cases, either theforeground or background should be dominant.

PERSPECTIVE BALANCE

SYMMETRICAL BALANCE ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE


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•Proportion is the relationship that exists among the components of alandscape.

• It also describes the relationship between the components of thelandscape and the landscape as a whole.

•Proportion involves the size relationships between and among thecomponents making up the landscape.

•Proportion describes the mathematical relationships among thedimensions of space and site components making up an area.

• For example, corner plantings next to a house that are two-thirds thedistance from the ground to the eave are proportional to the house. Theheight of the corner plantings is proportional to the height of the eave.

3. PROPORTION & SCALE


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•Scale is !e !"#a$ %e&ce%i'$ '( !e si)e '( s%ace a$* ('&elae* ' !e !"#a$ *i#e$si'$.

• Scale is &elai+e ' !e %e&ce%i'$ '( !e +ie,e&. '& a la&e ,'-

s'&/ !'"se0 c'&$e& %la$i$s !a a&e %&'%'&i'$al ' !e !'"se#a/ a%%ea& '" '( scale ' !e +ie,e&0 1eca"se scale is &elai+e '%e&ce%i'$0 a *esi$e& ca$ #a$i%"lae scale %s/c!'l'icall/,i!i$ !e sie.

•A s#all !'"se s"&&'"$*e* 1/ la&e &ees a%%ea&s s#alle& !a$ i

ac"all/ is ,!e&e as a la&e !'"se s"&&'"$*e* 1/ s#all &eesa%%ea&s la&e& !a$ i ac"all/ is.

•. A *esi$ is i$ %&'%e& %&'%'&i'$ a$* scale ,!e$ a %leasi$&elai'$s!i% e2iss a#'$ a$* 1e,ee$ eac! c'#%'$e$ a$* !e*esi$ as a ,!'le.


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•Rhythm and sequence describe the dynamic unity or the related, orderlymovement that implies continuity.

• They are the apparent flow of lines, textures, and colors that express afeeling of motion rather than confusion.

•Rhythm and sequence characterize continuity and connection from onepart of the design to another part.

• They group the components together, keeping the viewer’s eyes busyand allows them to follow easier through the design.

4. RYTHYM & SEQUENCE


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•Repetition is created by the repeated use of elements or features to createpatterns or a sequence in the landscape.

•Repeating line, form, color, and texture creates rhythm in the landscape.

•Simple repetition is the use of the same object in a line or the grouping of a

geometric form, such as a square, in an organized pattern.

•Repetition can be made more interesting by using alternation, for example,using a square form in a line with a circular form inserted every fifth square.

•Gradation, which is the gradual change in certain characteristics of a feature,is another way to make repetition more interesting. An example would be theuse of a square form that gradually becomes smaller or larger.

•Repetition does not always create a pattern; sometimes it is simply therepeated use of the same color, texture, or form throughout the landscape.

5. REPETITION


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•Order and unity are emotional and visual reactions to the overall structure andorganization of the design elements.

• The designer blends the design elements and the design detail decisions ofmaterials with the existing site conditions to establish order and unity.

• The concept created by order and unity is carried out throughout the design.

ORDER

6. ORDER & UNITY

•Order is the overall organization and structure of a design.

•It is the basic scheme or “skeleton” of the design.

•Order is created and carried out through the composition. Examples of orderin a design may be symmetrical versus asymmetrical balance or a formal

versus naturalistic arrangement.

•O&*e& ca$ als' 1e ac!ie+e* 1/ #assi$ (ea"&es '& ele#e$s i$'

*isi$c &'"%s a$* a&&a$i$ !e# a&'"$* a ce$&al %'i$.


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•Unity is the harmonious relationship among all elements and

characteristics of a design.

•It is obtained by the effective use of components in a design to express amain idea through consistent style.

•

Unity is emphasized by consistency of character between units in thelandscape.

•Unity means that all parts of the composition or landscape go together;they fit.

UNITY

Simplicity is the concept of reducing or eliminating nonessentials toavoid a chaotic look. This brings clarity and purpose to the design.

UNITY BY SIMPLICITY


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•Dominance or emphasis is the property of a plant or object thatattracts and holds attention, making the object an importantfeature.

• The ability of an object to capture attention usually depends oncontrast with adjacent objects. A typical example for a garden would be a very brightly colored ceramic pot among greenfoliage.

UNITY BY DOMINANCE

Features that are grouped in threes, or inother groups of odd numbers, such as in

groups of five or seven, feel more balancedto the eye and give a stronger sense ofunity. Odd numbers allow for staggered

variations in height, such as small,medium, and large, that provide moreinterest.

UNITY OF THREE


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THANK YOU

principles of landscape design.pptx

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