pril text index.pdf

Index 283

Index

Abouloff: as defence against foreign judgment,229, 230, 231, 241

Abouloff v Oppenheimer: and allegations offraud in judgment, 228

Acta jure gestiones, 13Acta jure imperii, 13Actions in personam: jurisdiction, 244; and

matrimonial matters, 243; nature of, 121–122

Actions in rem: nature of, 121Adams v Cape Industries Plc: recognition of

default judgment in, 232–233; residenceand jurisdiction in, 213–215

Administration of Justice Act 1920, 237Adoption: acquisition of nationality by, 77–78Adoption of Children Act, 20Adoption of Children Act (Antigua and

Barbuda), 20Adoption laws: Hague Convention on

Jurisdiction, Applicable Law andRecognition of Decrees Relating toAdoptions 1965, 20

AG v Thomas D’Arcy Ryan: application ofnationality by marriage in, 75–76

Airbus Industrie v Patel: and determination offorum, 189–190

American states: legal status of, 3Amin Rasheed v Kuwait Insurance Company:

conditions for service ex juris in, 132Ancillary dispute: exceptions to Mocambique

rule in cases of, 152–153The Angelic Grace: comity and determination

of forum in, 192Animus manendi: and application of domicile

of choice, 51–52Antigua and Barbuda: adoption law, 20

Appearance: to contest jurisdiction of foreigncourt, 216–219

Associates Commercial Corporation v CentralFire and General Insurance CompanyLimited, 5

The Atlantic Star: application of forum nonconveniens in, 169; and forum shopping,169;

Attorney General for Alberta v Cook:application of domicile of dependency in,46

Attorney General of New Zealand v Ortiz:non-enforcement of foreign judgment in,259–260, 267

Attorney General of T&T v McLeod: andconstitutional rights, 182–183

Australia: and the law of domicile, 89nAustralian courts: and Spiliada doctrine, 183

Bahamas: and place of incorporation, 84; andprivate international law, 19

Bahamas International Trust Company Ltd. vLisk Wyckott: and lis alibi pendeus, 177;service ex juris in, 133, 148

Badunius: and procedure vs substance inconflict laws, 269

Bank of China v NBM LLC: and service ofmareva injunctions out of jurisdiction, 136

Bank of Montreal v Weston: determination offorum in, 195; foreign law in, 175

Banking secrecy: and international judicialassistance, 114

Banque D’Investissements Mobiliers etFinancement v Clifton: recognition offoreign judgment in, 222

Barbados: and the acquisition of nationality,75; divorce law, 3; Domicile Reform Act,

284 ELEMENTS OF PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW

65–66, 67, 68, 69; and jurisdiction byGuyana, 4; law of domicile, 63–64; andplace of incorporation, 83–84; marriagelaws, 4

Barclay’s Bank v Kenton Capital: and naturalforum, 173

Barriero v De Freitas: and the application ofcommonwealth laws, 111–112

Bata v Bata: and service out of claim of tort,145

Beatty v Beatty: foreign money judgment in,221

Bell v Kennedy: and tenacity of domicile, 40Belle v Belle (Barbados), 3; legality of residence

in domicile of choice in, 63Bermudez v Bermudez: application of domicile

of dependency in, 48Bias: against service out, 147–148Birth: acquisition of nationality by, 74Blohn v Desser: and submission to foreign

jurisdiction, 219Bougu v Timmins: and Caribbean court’s

refusal to register Canadian judgment, 238Bradford v Young: application of domicile of

choice in, 59Brailey v Rhodesia Consolidated Ltd.:

qualification as expert witness in, 108–109Brandon, J: on foreign jurisdiction clauses,

193British Airways Board v Laker Airways: and

trial in foreign forum, 191British Commonwealth: and notion of foreign

law, 111–112British Law Ascertainment Act 1859: and

proof in foreign law, 111–112British West Indian Airways Ltd. v Bart, 22;

application of domestic law in, 106Burchard v MacFarlane Exparte Tindell: and

international judicial assistance, 115Burchell v Burchell: and severability of foreign

judgment, 234Burden of proof: in the change of domicile,

63; in forum non conveniens cases, 178, 194,195

Cable Television Systems Development Co. vShoupe: enforcement of foreign judgementin, 275, 276

Callwood v Callwood: application of domesticlaw in, 106–107; role of expert witness in,110–111; transnational dispute in, 6

Canada Inc. v Socoa: jurisdiction in, 215Canadian provinces: legal status of, 3Caribbean Community (CARICOM):

establishment of the, 24n; harmonisation ofconflict laws, 23–24; legal statutes of, 2;private international law in the, 4, 17

Caribbean conflict rules: English influence on,13–14

Caribbean contract law. See Contract law(Caribbean)

Caribbean constitutions: and nationality, 73Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ):

establishment of the, 4, 25n; and foreignjudgments, 245–246; and theharmonisation of trade laws, 23–24; role ofthe, 14

Caribbean courts: adoption of forum nonconveniens, 170–181; application of foreignlaw in, 11; on ordinary residence, 81; andprivate international law in, 8; 17–18;recognition of Commonwealth judgmentsin, 238–242; resistance to the adoption offorum non conveniens, 167–169; stays ofproceedings by, 163–196; territoriality in, 9

Caribbean law: domicile in, 7–8; domicilereforms in, 36, 61–73; and the federalsystem, 3; foreign companies: and residencein, 86–88; influence of English law on, 35–36, 41–45;

CARICOM Single Market Economy(CSME): and the harmonisation of lawsaffecting trade, 23–24

Cause of action: recognition of foreignjudgment with, 225–226

Carvalho v Hall, Blythe (Angola) Limited:application of foreign jurisdiction clause in,194–195

Casena Sulphur Co. v Nicholson: application ofresidence in, 87

Cayman Islands: and choice of domicile, 56Central Ry. Co. v Thompson: application of

residence in, 88Change of nationality: and evidence of

intention in the choice of domicile, 55

Index 285

Channel Group v Balfour Beatty Ltd.: andservice of mareva injunctions out ofjurisdiction, 136

The Chaparral: application of localjurisdiction clause in, 143

Chevron International Oil Co. Ltd., v A/SSeaTeam (The ‘TS Havprins’): lex fori andlex causae in, 7

Children: application of domicile ofdependency to, 46–48

Children born out of wedlock: and domicileof dependency, 46–47, 65–68; legal statusof, 39–40; and Maltese law, 274, 276

Chile Holdings (Cayman) Ltd. v ContadorsEnterprises SA: language and determinationof forum in, 178; and natural forum, 176;and service out against second defendant,138

Christensen v Holderness School: andsubmission to jurisdiction, 216

Chrystler (UK) Ltd. v Robinson and Company,5

Citadelle Line SA v The Texana: and theprinciple of natural forum, 173

Citeria v Citeria: application of domicile ofdependency in, 45, 46

Civil Evidence Act 1972 (Britain): and thequalification of an expert witness, 109

Civil Liability and Fund Convention 1992, 22Civil law system: and forum non conveniens,

186Civil Procedural Rules: and service out of

jurisdiction, 138Civil Procedure Rules (Eastern Caribbean): on

the qualification of an expert witness onforeign law, 109–110

Claim against first defendant: and service outagainst second defendant, 137

Colt Industries v Sarlie: application of the ruleof presence in, 123–124; jurisdiction in,236

Comity: concept of, 210; and enforcement offoreign judgments, 211

Commercial bank of Kuwait S.A.K. v CentralBank of Iraq: and the application of Order11, 236–237

Commercial Code (St. Lucia), 5

Commercial Court (Paris), and enforcementof judgement in St Vincent and theGrenadines, 5

Common law: and allegations of fraud inforeign judgments, 230–231; and privateinternational law, 13; and enforcement offoreign judgements, 210–211

Common law marriage, 4. See also Non-marriage unions

Commonwealth: and enforcement of UKlaws, 263–264

Commonwealth judgments: Caribbeanlegislation and application of, 238;registration of, 239–245

Companhia de Mocambique v British SouthAfrica Co.: territoriality in, 9

Companies Act (Jamaica), 4, 5Competence: in enforcement of foreign

judgments, 236Conditional appearance: nature of, 130Conflict of laws: and foreign revenue laws,

262, 265. See also Private international lawConflict problem: definition of, 6;

government and the, 10–11; privateinternational law and the, 8

Connecting factors: defining, 6–8; personal,34–36

Contesting jurisdiction, 127–130Constitution: and Caribbean law, 12–13; and

foreign litigation, 12; right to access underthe, 182–183

Constitutional sovereignty: definition of, 13Contract law (Caribbean): and letters of

acceptance, 6Contract law (T&T): and letters of

acceptance, 6Convention on Civil Aspects of International

Child Abduction, 20Convention Relating to A Uniform Law on

the International Sale of Goods 1964, 20Conway v Queensway Trustees Limited: and

constitutional rights, 183Cooper Stevedoring Co. Inc v The Owners,

Master and Crew of the Ship MV PassatBonaire: application of forum non conveniensin, 171

Corporate connecting factors: rules relatingto, 83–88


Corporations: and domicile, 84–85; andjurisdiction, 124–125, 213–215; and placeof incorporation, 83–84; and nationality,86; and residence, 86–88

Corporation of Lloyd’s US: and public interestin complying with judicial assistance, 115

Country: legal definition of, 2–3, 19Cour D’Appel D’Aix-en-Province: and

reciprocal enforcement, 242–243Court of Appeal: constitution and the

establishment of a Caribbean, 12Court of Appeal (Cayman Island): application

of ordinary residence requirement in ReJames McDonald (No.2), 81; ruling in ReJames McDonald (No.2) and the applicationof evidence in choice of domicile, 54–55

Court of Appeal (Jamaica), 5Cramer v Cramer: application of choice of

domicile in, 53Criminal Proceedings Concerning Lambert and

Pinto: and the application of judicialassistance, 113; and the application ofinternational judicial assistance, 114–115

Cruh v Cruh: evidence of intention in theapplication of choice of domicile, 54

Crumpton’s Judicial Factor v Finch-Noyos:application of domicile of dependency in,48

Custody laws: and the application of domicileof dependency, 47

Dames and Moore v Regan: and rights toaccess, 184

De Beers Consolidated Mines Ltd. v Howe:application of residence in, 87–88

De Brat v De Brat: definition of expertwitnesses in, 108

Defences: against foreign judgments, 228–233, 234–235; not raised in foreignjudgments, 223–224

Defendant: and burden of proof in forum nonconveniens, 172, 178, 194; service on first,138; service out against second, 137, 138,139

Defoe v Braithwaite: and the union other thanmarriage concept, 4

Denning, Lord: and the doctrine of forum nonconveniens, 168–170

Descent: acquisition of nationality by, 74

Diplock, Lord: and the doctrine of forum nonconveniens, 170

Diplomatic immunity: and privateinternational law, 19

Distillers Co. (Biochemicals) Ltd. v Thompson:and service out of claim of tort, 145

Divorce laws: and the application ofconnecting factors, 35; and application ofdomicile dependency, 47; in Barbados, 3;and harmonisation of conflicts, 20

Doctrine of renvoi. See Renvoi doctrineDomestic laws: conflict between foreign and,

112Domicile: and connecting factors, 34; in

Caribbean law, 7–8; categories of, 38; ofchoice, 49–61, 63; conflict problems and,6–7; corporations and, 84–85; definitionof, 89n; of dependency, 45–49, 64–69, 98n;English law and, 7; notion of, 36; of origin,39–45, 62–63, 90n–91n; principles of, 36–38; reform in laws of, 36, 61–68; andservice out of jurisdiction, 134; stationaryreform of the law of, 13; strategy reform inthe law of, 61–73; transitionalarrangements in, 68–73

Domicile of choice: abandonment of, 58–61;and evidence of intention, 53–58; andmotive, 55–56

Domicile Reform Act (Barbados):interpretation of the, 68–73; provisions ofthe, 65–66, 67

Donohue v Armeo Inc.: determination of forumin, 195–196

Doucet v Geohegan: application of choice ofdomicile in, 52

Egyptian Delta Land And Investment Co. Ltd.v Todd: application of residence in, 88

The Eleftheria: and principles guiding foreignjurisdiction, 193, 194, 195

Enforcement: of foreign revenue laws, 265–266

English common law rules: Europeaninfluence on, 16

English conflict rules: incorporation inCaribbean law, 15, 16

English Court of Appeal: and Machado vFontes, 12

English law: Caribbean private internationallaw and the influence of, 14–16, 236–237;

Index 287

influence on Caribbean law, 35–36, 41–45;domicile in early, 40–41; and domicilereform, 36; and lex causae, 7; principle ofdomicile in corporate, 84; and restraint offoreign actions, 186–191. See also UnitedKingdom

English Statute of Limitations: application inJamaica, 13

Estoppel per rem judicatum: and allegations offraud in foreign judgments, 229–230, 235

Etrel v Bieber and Co. v Rio Tinto: non-enforcement of foreign judgement in, 275

European Convention for the Protection ofHuman Rights, 184, 196

European Union: and changes in Englishcommon law rules, 16; and harmonisationof conflict laws, 23

Evidence Act 1994, (Barbados): on thequalification of expert witness on foreignlaw, 110

Evidence (Proceedings in other Jurisdiction)Act 1975 (UK): and international judicialassistance, 113

Evidence (Proceedings in other Jurisdiction)Act 1981, (Barbados): in determination ofdomicile, 38; enactment of, 20; andevidence for foreign proceedings, 116; andintention in the application of choice ofdomicile, 53–58; and rules of origin ofdomicile, 39–40

Exercise of discretion, 131Expert witnesses: in proof of foreign law, 108–

112Extradition and Fugitive offenders Act 1870

(UK): and international judicial assistance,113

Factum of residence: and the acquisition ofdomicile choice, 49–58. See also Residence

Fair hearing: and determination of forum, 181False conflict, 4Family law: and domicile of dependency, 46–

47, 67; domicile reforms in Caribbean, 39;regulation of conflict rules in, 20, 26n

Family Law (Guardianship of Minors;Domicile and Maintenance) Act, 1981(T&T): interpretation of the, 72;provisions of, 66

Federal states: definition of, 3

Federal Supreme Court of the WI: andCallwood v Callwood, 6

Finality and conclusiveness; requirement inenforcement of foreign judgments, 220–223

Fitzritson v Dequazon: and registration ofJamaican judgment in Dominica, 239

Foreign and Commonwealth Judgments(Reciprocal Enforcement) Act, 209–210

Foreign companies: and residence inCaribbean law, 86–88

Foreign courts: application of Caribbean lawin, 11–12

Foreign Evidence Tribunals Act, 1865 (UK):and international judicial assistance, 112–113

Foreign judgments: and the allegation offraud, 228–233; the CCJ and, 245–246;competence and the enforcement of, 236;conflict between Caribbean and, 227–228;conflicting, 226; defences against, 228–231;enforcement by statute, 237–245; finalityand conclusiveness requirement for, 220–223, 244; and public policy, 275;jurisdiction of foreign court andenforcement of, 211–212; recognition of,210; reciprocal enforcement of, 205–246;registration of, 242–245; severability of,233–234; unimpeachibility requirement for,221–228

Foreign Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement)Act 1933, 237, 242, 243

Foreign jurisdiction clauses: principles guiding,193–196

Foreign laws: application in CaribbeanCourts, 11; conflict between local and,112; exclusion of, 259–277; andinternational judicial assistance, 112–115;international judicial assistance and conflictwith rules governing proof and exclusion,113; materiality of, 104–106; and nationalinterest, 275; proof of, 106–112; repugnantto decency, or morality, 274

Foreign money judgments, 221Foreign public law: action based on, 151Forum: Airbus Industrie v Patel and

determination of, 189–190; and connectingfactors, 34; common law and, 10;constitutional right of access to, 163, 166–


167; foreign judgments and unknown causeof action in the, 225–226; foreignjudgments and statutes of limitation in the,223–225; government and, 11; jurisdictionof, 236–237; shopping, 165, 166, 167,168–169; Societe Nationale IndustrielleAerosatiale v Lee Kui Jak and thedetermination of, 189; territoriality and, 9–10; trials available only in, 189–191. Seealso Jurisdiction and Natural forum

Forum non conveniens: in Anglo-Caribbeanlaw, 167–171; application of, 192;Caribbean courts’ acceptance of, 170–171;defendants’ burden of proof in, 194; foreigndecisions re the principle of, 183–184;origin of, 165–167; principle of, 164–165,171–181; service out and proof of, 149–150

Fraud: enforcement of foreign judgmentsrelating to, 265–266; foreign judgmentsand the allegation of, 228–233

Gasque v Commissioners of Inland Revenue:domicile in, 85

German Civil Code (Article 20): provisionsof, 271

Godard v Gray: recognition of foreignjudgment in, 222

Goff, Lord: on principles applicable to thegranting of an injunction, 188–189

Good faith: and service out, 149–150Gordon v Gordon: and domicile of choice, 50,

51Governing law: in establishing natural forum,

175Government of India v Taylor: and exclusion of

foreign revenue laws, 263Grand Court of Cayman Islands: and

international judicial assistance, 113Guadalajara Convention 1961: and the

carriage of goods and persons by aircraft, 22Guyana: domicile reform in, 66–67; and legal

jurisdiction in Barbados, 4

Habitual residence: definition of, 81–82Hague Conference on Private International

Law, 24

Hague Convention on Jurisdiction, ApplicableLaw and Recognition of Decrees Relatingto Adoptions 1965, 20

Hague Convention on the Law Applicable toTrusts and their Recognition 1986, 21

Hague Convention on the Recognition ofDivorces and Leal Separations Act 1970,20

Hague Convention on the Taking ofEvidence Abroad in Civil and CommercialMatters 1970, 20, 21; and internationaljudicial assistance, 115–116

Hague Private International LawConferences: and English law, 35

Harmonisation of conflict rules, 19–24Harris v Taylor: protest against jurisdiction,

128–129, 130; and submission tojurisdiction, 216

Harris v Quine: and statute of limitation inenforcing judgment, 235

Henderson v Henderson: and the principle ofdomicile, 37

Henry v Henry: and marriage, 16Henry v Geopresco International Limited:

conditional appearance in, 130; submissionin, 216

Hinds v The Queen: and constitutional rights,182, 185–186

Historic Articles Act 1962 (New Zealand),268

Hope v Hope: application of domicile ofdependency in, 47, 67

Hoskins v Mathews: and motive in of choice ofdomicile, 56

House of Spring Gardens Ltd. v Waite: and theallegation of fraud in foreign judgment, 230,231

HRH Maharanee of Baroda v Wildenstein:application of the rule of presence in, 123

Huber v Steiner: conflict between proceduraland substantive laws in, 270–271

Hulford v Hulford: and domicile of origin, 43Humphrey v Jolly Roger Cruises: jurisdiction in,

213; place of business and jurisdiction in,124

Huntingdon v Attrill: non-enforcement offoreign judgment in, 260–261, 262, 263

Index 289

Illegal residence: and evidence of intention inthe application of choice of domicile, 54

Immigration Act 1952 (Barbados): ordinaryresidence and the, 81

Immigration (Restriction) Law 1941(Cayman Islands): and the application ofchoice of domicile, 54–55

Imperial Life Assurance Company of Canada vJGC Holdings Limited: and lis alibi pendeus,177

In loco parentis: and the application ofdomicile of dependency, 48

In personam jurisdiction: and the enforcementof a personal obligation, 153

Individuals: and jurisdiction, 212–213Indyka v Indyka: and UK common law on

foreign divorces, 20Injunctions: principles applicable to the

granting of, 188–189Injunctive relief: and service out of

jurisdiction, 135Institutions: and the harmonisation of private

international laws, 23–24Insurance Act (T&T), 4Intellectual property rights: conventions, 22Inter-American Convention on Conflict of

Laws Concerning the Adoption of Minors,20

Inter-American Convention on Personalityand Capacity of Judicial Persons in PrivateInternational Law 1984: and the operationof companies, 21

International Conference on Maritime Law,21

International conventions: and privateinternational laws, 19

International Judicial Assistance: and bankingsecrecy, 113; and conflict with rilesgoverning proof and exclusion of foreignlaw, 113; and evidence of foreign laws,112–115; and the Hague Convention onthe Taking of Evidence Abroad in Civil andCommercial Matters 1970, 115–116;statutory provision for, 113

International legal disputes: Caribbean courtsand, 10–11; private international law and,8

Involved enforcement: and foreign judgments,265

IRC v Bullock: application of choice ofdomicile in, 52–53, 55

IRC v Duchess of Portland: application ofdomicile of dependency in, 65

IRC v Lysaght: application of notion ofordinary residence in, 79

Jamaica: and the acquisition of nationality, 74,75

James Brodie & Co. Ltd. v Juarez: and serviceof mareva injunctions, 136

James North & Sons Ltd. v North Cape TextilesLtd.: and service out for injunctive relief,135

Jopp v Wood: and tenacity of domicile, 40Judgment: definition of, 238Judicial conflict: definition of, 2Judicial separation: and the application of

connecting factors, 35Jurisdiction: actions in personam and, 121;

bases for, 122–150; bias against service outof, 148–149; conflicts relating to, 6–8;corporations and, 124–125, 213–215; offoreign court and enforcement of foreignjudgements, 211–219; of forum, 2137–237; good faith and service out of, 149–150; individuals and, 212–213; protesting,127–130; reluctance to service out of, 139;service within, 138; subject matter, 150–155; submission to, 127–131, 216–219.See also Forum

Jurisdiction clauses: provisions, 191–196Jurisdiction limitations: and recognition of

foreign judgments, 222–223Justice: in determination of forum, 178–181,

187, 193–194, 209; and recognition offoreign judgments, 231–233

Khron v Varna (No.2): and service out ofmareva injunctions, 136

Laager v Kruger: unimpeachibilityrequirement for foreign judgments in, 221–222

Langer v International Transport andEarthmoving: rule of natural justice in, 232


Language: and jurisdiction, 178Lascelles de Mecado & Co. Ltd., Kingston,

Jamaica v Wallace Sanchez, Castries, St.Lucia, 5

Law of Domicile: transitional arrangements inthe reform of the, 68–73. See also Domicile

Law of Property Act 1925 (UK): provisionsof, 271

Lazard Brothers & Co. v Midland Bank Ltd:application of the law of domicile in, 84

Legal disputes: Caribbean, 3–6Legal separation. See Judicial separationLegislation: and private international law, 13;

and reciprocal enforcement of Caribbeanlaw in foreign states, 13

Legislative requirements: for service ex juris,133–134

Legitimacy of birth: and the application ofdomicile dependency, 46–48, 67; domicileof origin and, 39

Letters of acceptance: transnational conflictsre letters of acceptance, 6

Lex causae: definition of, 6; English law and, 7;and natural forum, 175–176

Lex fori: and connecting factors, 34, 38;definition of, 7

Liddell’s Settlement Trust: and service out ofjurisdiction, 134

Lis alibi pendeus: in establishing suitableforum, 176–177

Locu dekicti. See TortLopez v Ward: and the principle of domicile,

37, 56Lord Advocate v Jaffrey: application of

domicile dependency in, 45Lubbe v Cape Plc: justice and determination

of forum in,180–181, 184–185

Machado v Fontes: and the English Court ofAppeal judgement, 12

Mackender v Feldia: comity anddetermination of forum in, 193; and proofof forum non conveniens, 150

MacShannon v Rockware Glass Ltd.:application of forum non conveniens in, 169–170; and the principle of natural forum,173–174

Maharanee of Baroda v Wildenstein: andforum non conveniens, 168–169, 174

Maltese law: and children born out ofwedlock, 274

Maple v Maple: and reciprocal enforcement,243

Mareva injunctions: definition of, 135; servicein and out of, 135–136

Marics and Company Ltd. v Florence White:service ex juris in, 133

Marine environment: protection of the, 22Marine Insurance Act 1906 (UK): and proper

law of contract, 143Maroux v Soc. Com Abel Pereira Da Fonseca

SARL: application of service ex juris in,133–134

Marriage: acquisition of nationality by, 75–76Marriage laws, 20; conflict in French and

English, 1, 2–3; connecting factors and, 35;domicile and, 10; and domicile ofdependency, 45–46, 64–65; and R v Millis,15; and Samuel v Hare, 15: and Henry vHenry, 16; and Sowa v Sowa, 16

Matrimonial Causes Act: and reciprocalenforcement, 243

Maycock v International Seafoods, 4; and non-registration of foreign judgment in, 240

Mayo Perrott v Mayo Perrott: and severabilityof foreign judgment, 234

McCarthy v McCarthy: reference to expertwitness in, 110

McCarthy v Pawan: rules governing service exjuris in, 133

Menendez v Sawyer: enforcement of foreignjudgement in, 276; default judgment of aforeign court in, 220–221; submission in,216

Mentally insane: and the application ofdomicile of dependency, 48–49

Midland Bank Plc v Laker Airways Ltd.:restraint against foreign action in, 191

Mills v Mills: influence of English law in, 15Mistake of fact or law: and recognition of

foreign judgments, 222Mocambique rule: definition of the, 150–151;

exceptions to the, 152–154; origin in the,

Index 291

154–155; origin of the, 151; rationale forthe, 151–152

Mohabir v Bismill: and the principle ofdomicile, 36, 43, 49

Money judgment: foreign, 221Montevideo Convention on the Rights and

Duties of States, 19Moran v Pyle: and service out of claim of tort,

146–147Motive: in choice of domicile, 55–56Motor and General Insurance Company v

Gabin: Privy Council ruling on, 4Multinational Gas and Petrochemical Co. v

Multinational Gas and PetrochemicalServices Ltd: reluctance to allow service outin, 139

Multiplicity of parties: and determination ofjurisdiction, 177; and the service out, 137

Multiplicity of proceedings: anddetermination of jurisdiction, 177

Munn v Munn: and principle of domicile oforigin, 41

M/V Saiga (St Vincent and the Grenadines vGuinea) (No.2): application of nationalityin, 73

National Chemsearch Corporation v Davidson:materiality of foreign law in, 104

National Commercial Bank Ltd., v GuyanaRefrigerators Ltd.: application of domesticlaw in, 105

National interest: foreign laws and, 275Nationality: acquisition of, 74–77; and

application of connecting factors, 35–36; asa connecting factor, 73–78; determinationof, 77–78; loss of, 77

Natural forum: lex causae and, 175–176;territorial connections in establishing, 173–175

Naturalisation: acquisition of nationality by,76–77

Nebraska Dairies Inc. v Tropical Trading:reciprocity in enforcement of judgement in,209; submission to jurisdiction in, 218–219

Necessary party: service on a, 138; and theservice out of jurisdiction, 136

Nesa v Adjudication Officer: applicationresidence requirement in, 82

New York Convention on the Recognitionand Enforcement of Foreign ArbitralAwards, 21

New Zealand: ‘other public laws’, 267–268Nicholls v Nicholls: and abandonment of

domicile, 61; change of nationality asevidence in choice of domicile, 55

Non-marriage unions: and application ofconnecting factors, 35. See also Common-law marriage

Nottebohm: application of nationality in, 73

Oceanic Sun line v Fay: rejection of forum nonconveniens, 183

OECS Supreme Court: and theharmonisation of trade laws, 23–24;judgments, 246

Oppenheimer v Cattermobile: determination ofnationality in, 77

Oppenheimer v Louis Rosenthal & Co.: fairhearing in determination of forum in, 181

Order 11 of Civil Procedures: jurisdiction in,147, 148, 236, 237; provisions, 122, 132,133, 167; and service out of claim of tort,146, 147

Ordinarily resident: and service out ofjurisdiction, 134

Ordinary residence: in Caribbean law, 81;definition of, 79

Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States(OECS): establishment of the, 24n;harmonisation of conflict laws, 23–24; legalstatues of, 2–3; private international lawcases in, 17

OT Africa lines Ltd, v Hijaz: access to civilrights in, 184, 196

‘Other public laws’, 267–269Owens Bank Ltd. v Bracco: and natural forum,

176, 177Owens Bank Ltd. v Etoile Commerciale SA, 5;

and allegations of fraud in judgment, 229,235

Owens Bank Ltd. v Gogettri SA: lack of goodfaith by plaintiff in, 149

Panama: and place of incorporation, 83Pederson v Gold Beach Inn Hotel: domestic law

in, 106


Pemberton v Hughes: recognition of foreignjudgment in, 222–223

Penal laws: exclusion of foreign, 260–262;interpretation of, 263

Penn v Lord Baltimore: exception toMocambique rule in the enforcement of apersonal obligation in, 153

Personal obligations: exceptions toMocambique rule in cases of, 153-154

Pindling v National Broadcasting Corporation:and the principle of natural forum, 175;and service out of claim of tort, 145

Pioneer Container: comity and determinationof forum in, 193

Piper Aircraft Co. v Reyno: and the principle ofnatural forum, 174

Place of incorporation: as a connecting factor,83–84

Plaintiff: responsibility to act in service out,149–150; role in proving forum nonconveniens, 178–181

Plummer v IRC: and domicile of choice, 50;and intention in choice of domicile, 57

Presence: in jurisdiction, 122–127Princess Nina Aga Khan: Supreme Court

(Jamaica) and Swiss law in, 5Princess Paley Olga v Weiz, 267, 268Private disputes: definition of, 8Private international law: definition of, 1–3,

18; and foreign laws, 259; on foreignrevenue laws, 262, 265; functions of, 8–12;sources of, 12–14, 19; public internationallaw and, 22–23; territoriality and, 10;tradition of, 14–18

Privy Council: and Callwood v Callwood, 6;and Caribbean law, 4–5, 13–14

Procedural laws: foreign, 269–273Proper party: service on a, 138Property rights: connecting factors and, 35Public interest: and international judicial

assistance, 115Public international law: definition of, 18; and

forum non conveniens, 186; nationality and,73; private international law and, 22–23;sources of, 19

Public laws: foreign, 266–269

Public policy: definition of, 273; foreign, 273–277; and foreign judgments, 233; ofinclusion of, 277

Quin v Pres-T-Con Ltd.: recognition of foreignjudgment in, 224–225, 239–240; andservice out against second defendant, 137;submission in, 216

R v Lancashire CC, exp. Huddleston: notion ofordinary residence in, 80

R v Mills: and common law marriage, 15Raeburn v Raeburn: and severability of foreign

judgment, 234Raffle America Inc. v Kingsboro International

Holding Co. Ltd.: acceptance of defaultjudgment in, 220, 232; submission toforeign jurisdiction in, 218

Ramsay v Liverpool Royal Infirmary:application of domicile in, 78; tenacity ofdomicile in, 41

Raulin v Fischer: severability of judgment in,233, 234

Razelos v Razelos: enforcement of a personalobligation in, 153

Re Annesley: lex causae in, 7, 38Re Beaumont: application of domicile of

dependency in, 47–48, 67Re Cohn: conflict between procedural and

substantive laws in, 271Re De Veaux: application of origin in, 57–58Re Dulles Settlement Trusts (No.2): bias against

service out in, 148; protest againstjurisdiction in, 128, 129, 130

Re Emry’s Investment Trusts: enforcement offoreign revenue judgements in, 265–266

Re Eskine: application of ordinary residence in,79

Re Field (No. 3): application of rules reresidence subject to contingency, 51, 53, 55

Re Flynn: abandonment of domicile of choicein, 58–59, 61

Re Furse: application of choice of domicile in,52, 53

Re Fuld: and domicile of origin, 41Re James: and motive in of choice of domicile,

56Re James McDonald (No.2): and change of

nationality as evidence in choice of

Index 293

domicile, 54notion of ordinary residence in,81

Re Jones Estate: evidence of intention in choiceof domicile, 54; and the revival of domicileof origin, 44, 45

Re Lloyd Evans: domicile of choice in, 59Re Macartney: non-enforcement of judgement

in, 274, 276Re Norris: residence in, 80Re O’Keefe: determination of nationality in,

77–78Re Raffenel: domicile of choice in, 59–60Re Ross: and exception to the Mocambique

rule, 152Re Scullard: domicile of dependency in, 46,

64–65, 70Re Tolbert: conflict law in, 19; non-

enforcement of foreign judgement in, 261–262, 266–267

Re Visser, Queen of Holland v Drukker: andexclusion of foreign revenue laws, 262

Re Wallach: domicile of dependency in, 46Reciprocal enforcement: of Commonwealth

judgments, 238; of foreign judgments, 209,242–243

Recognition: as defence against foreignjudgment, 234–235

Registration: of Commonwealth judgments,239–242; of foreign judgments, 242–245

Reid v Reid: and evidence of intention inchoice of domicile, 56–57

Remy v Proshpere: and domicile of choice, 50Renvoi doctrine: application of the, 16, 38,

152Residence: as a connecting factor, 78–82; of a

corporation, 86–88; definition of, 80; andjurisdiction, 212–219. See also Factum ofresidence, Ordinary residence

Residence subject to contingency: andapplication of domicile of choice, 51–57

Restraint of foreign actions: applicableprinciples in the, 188–189

Revival of the domicile of origin: abolition of,62–63

Ricardo v Garcias: defence against foreignjudgment in, 235

Right to access: constitutional safeguards to,182–183, 196

Robinson v Bland: and private internationallaw, 15

Rosler v Hillberry: refusal of application forservice out of jurisdiction in, 135, 137

Roywest Trust Corporation v Savannah NV:qualification as expert witness in, 109

Rule of precedent: and foreign law, 110Russell v Van Galen: domestic law in, 107–108

Sadler v Robins: foreign money judgment in,221

Samuel v Hare: and marriage, 15Sanchez v Lascelles de Mercado & Co. Ltd.:

and statutory prescription of procedure orremedies, 272

Sanctis v Bowen: and the exclusion of actionsbased on foreign public law, 151; and thenon-enforcement of foreign judgment, 264–265

The Sanitary Laundry Company Limited vHeal: and the place of incorporation, 83

Scott, LJ: and the doctrine of forum nonconveniens, 167–168, 170

Sardina v Johnson: recognition of foreignjudgment in, 223, 238, 241

Scottish law: and the origin of forum nonconveniens, 165–167

Scrimshire v Scrimshire: and privateinternational law, 15

Seafarers International Union Plans v Franco:conflicting foreign judgments in, 227–228

Service ex juris: definition of, 131–132; andenforcement of foreign judgments, 236;legislation requirements for, 133–134

Severability: of foreign judgments, 233–234Seymour v Chief Immigration Officer: notion

of ordinary residence in, 81Shah v Barnet London Borough Council:

ordinary residence in, 79, 80, 82Shanks v Shanks: domicile of dependency, 47,

67Showlay v Mansour: conflicting foreign

judgments in, 226–227Simpson v McCallum: and English law in the

Caribbean, 15Sirdar Gurdyal Singh v Rajah of Faridkote:

residence and jurisdiction in, 213, 214


Societe du Gaz du Paris v Societe Anonyme deNavigation “les Armateur Francais”: forumnon conveniens in, 166

Societe Nationale Industrielle Aerosatiale v LeeKui Jak: and the grant of an injunction,188–189

South India Shipping Corpn. Ltd. v Export-Import Bank of Korea: place of business andjurisdiction in, 125

Sovereign authority: definition of 13; and theexclusion of foreign laws, 259–269

Sovereign immunity: definition of, 13; andprivate international law, 19

Sowa v Sowa: and marriage laws, 16Spiliada doctrine, 171; and determination of

forum, 183, 185, 187–188, 194Spiliada Maritime Corpn. v Cansulex Ltd.:

application of forum non conveniens in, 171–172; multiplicity of proceedings in, 177

St Pierre v South American Stores (Gath andChaves) Ltd.: exception to Mocambiquerule in, 152; rejection of forum nonconveniens in, 167

St Vincent and the Grenadines: andcompliance with judgement by the Frenchcourt, 5

Stabilisation changes: multinationalcorporations’ use of, 11

State: legal definition of, 2, 19; MontevideoConvention on the Rights and Duties ofthe, 19

Status of Children Act 1976 (Jamaica): andchildren born out of wedlock, 39–40

Status of Children Act 1976 (St Vincent andthe Grenadines): and children born out ofwedlock, 98n; provisions of the, 67

Status of Children Reform Act 1979(Barbados), 39; provisions of the, 67

Stays of proceedings: by Caribbean courts,163–196

Statute: enforcement of foreign judgment by,237–247

Statute of limitations: and foreign procedurallaws, 269–271

Statutory prescription of procedure orremedies, 272

Stewart v Ask Secs Ltd.: application of forumnon conveniens in, 174, 176

Stuart Young and Sons Ltd. v ChaseManhattan Bank: application of forum nonconveniens in, 171

Stulz v Wallace (1873): conflict betweenprocedural and substantive laws in, 271;and English statute of limitations, 14, 15

Subject matter jurisdiction: categories of,150–155

Submission: to jurisdiction of a foreign court,127–131, 215–219

Succession Act (section 184) (Barbados):provisions of, 271, 272

Supreme Court: constitution and theestablishment of a Caribbean, 12

Supreme Court (Bahamas): and judicialassistance, 113

Supreme Court (Jamaica): and conflict inCaribbean laws, 4; new civil procedurerules on service out on a necessary orproper party, 136; and private internationallaw cases, 17–18; and transnationaldisputes, 5

Supreme Court (T&T): ruling on Henry vHenry, 16

Succession: legislation, 7Succession Act 1975 (Barbados): domicile in,

90n; provisions of the, 72–73Swiss law: and letters of acceptance, 6

Taxation: and residence of foreigncorporations, 86–88

Tee v Tee: and domicile of origin, 44Tenacity: of rules of domicile, 40–44Territorial connections: in establishing natural

forum, 173–175Territorial sovereignty: and enforcement of

foreign judgements, 205Territoriality: rules of private international law

and, 9–10The Evidence (Proceedings in other

Jurisdictions) (Cayman Islands) Order1978: and the application of judicialassistance, 113

The owners of the M/V Allure v Doust andCompany Ltd: application of domestic lawin, 105

Index 295

Thorne v Board of Education and Darrell: andmotive in choice of domicile, 56; and theprinciple of domicile, 36, 42–43

Tiger Air Inc., v Summrall: conditionalappearance in, 130–131

Tort: and service out, 143–147; theories onplace of, 144–146

Touche Ross & Company v IntercontinentalLimited: restraint on foreign actions in,187–188

Transnational cases: between Caribbean,North American and European Countries,5–6; disputes resolution in, 18. See alsoInternational legal disputes

Transnational Causes of Action (ProductLiability) Act (Dominica), 245

Triangle Refineries Inc. v Carle: rejection ofdefault judgment of a foreign court in, 220

Trinidad and Tobago: and the acquisition ofnationality, 75; family laws, 66, 72

Trinidad and Tobago laws: and the principleof domicile, 37–38, 40

Tyburn Productions Ltd. v Conan Doyle:Mocambique rule in, 154–155

Udny v Udny: and principle of domicile, 36,39, 44, 45, 62

UN Convention on the Carriage of Goods bySea 1987, 21

UN Convention on Contracts forInternational Sale of Goods 1980, 20

UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,186

Unfair Contract Terms Acts: provisions of,181

Unification of Certain Points of Substantivelaw on Patents for Invention, 22

Unification of Certain Rules Relating to Billsof Lading, 21

Unification of substantive laws: conventionsfacilitating the, 21–22

Unimpeachibility: requirement for foreignjudgments, 221–228

Unitary states: definition of, 2United Kingdom: adoption laws, 20; divorce

law, 20; judgments and Caribbean law, 238United States of America v Carver: and the

application of judicial assistance, 113United States of America v Inkley: non-

enforcement of foreign judgment in, 260–261

Unity v Attorney General: application ofnationality by descent in, 74–75

Unwin v Unwin: application of domicile ofdependency in, 46; and domicile of origin,41–42, 47

Van Gend en Loos v NederlandseTariefcommissie: and influence of Europe onEnglish common law, 17

Vanquelin v Brouard: recognition of foreignjudgments in, 222

Vita Foods Inc v Unu Shipping Co. Ltd., 20

Walsh v Deloitte & Touche Inc.: jurisdiction in,236; and the service of mareva injunctions,136

Warsaw Convention 1929: and carriage ofpersons by aircraft, 22

Warner Brothers Pictures Inc. v Nelson:application of domestic law in, 105

West India trading Co. Inc. v Barbados Packersand Canners Ltd.: application of domesticlaw in, 106

West Indian Reports: private international lawcases in the, 17

Winward Properties v The Governor General ofSt Vincent and the Grenadines: conditionalappearance in, 131

Women: and the abolition of wife’s domicileof dependency, 64–65; and domicile ofdependency, 45–47

Zanelli v Zanelli: application of domicile ofchoice in, 60

Zeiss Stiftung v Rayner And Keeler (No.3):

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