PresidentEllen Johnson Sirleaf

November 6, 2010

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conversation, and inspire our community.

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Welcome to the first program of the 25th season of The Richmond Forum! For a quarter-century, the leaders from the world stage have been stepping onto our stage —to expand horizons, stimulate conversation, and inspire our community.

Tonight, we are excited to kick off this milestone season by presenting Her Excellency President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf of Liberia, the first-ever sitting head of state to visit The Richmond Forum.

There are many people to thank for their involvement in tonight’s program.

Thank you to Paul Levengood and Nelson Lankford at the Virginia Historical Society for eagerly jumping at the opportunity to partner with us to produce a special Banner Lecture focused on the role of black and white Virginians in the founding of Liberia. Our Commonwealth shares a unique and historic bond with the Republic of Liberia, a fact little known by many of our citizens today.

Thank you to historian Marie Tyler-McGraw, who presented the Banner Lecture based on the research compiled for her 2007 book, An African Republic.

Thank you to all of you who attended this special supplemental program at the Virginia Historical Society to broaden your appreciation of tonight’s program.

Thank you to the Community Idea Stations for airing the award-winning documentary, Iron Ladies of Liberia in recent weeks to provide you with another opportunity to wrap some context around tonight’s program. This film followed President Sirleaf during her first year in office and showed the challenges she faces in restoring her nation after 14 years of brutal civil war.

Thank you to Richmond-based ChildFund International, which has been working in Liberia since 2003 and provided photos for our stage and program book tonight.

Thank you to the members of our local Liberian community who stepped forward with great eagerness, warmth and pride to support our efforts tonight. The Liberian community here is small and young; many fled Liberia during the war and came here to attend college. Now they are raising their families here. I can tell you that they are so very proud and excited to see President Sirleaf visit Richmond and to see Richmonders have this opportunity to learn about their home country.

Thank you to Ida Daniels, better known as Chef Ma-Musu, who feted our sponsors and special guests with an authentic Liberian dinner earlier tonight.

Thank you to Antoinette Essa. You know her from WTVR CBS 6, but you may not know that she was born and raised in Liberia. For the first time since leaving in 1977, Antoinette will be returning to Monrovia next month and blogging about her visit on The Richmond Forum website. We hope you will follow her reports.

Above all, thank you to President Sirleaf for joining us tonight to present her perspective on Africa and its place in the world. We look forward to a program rich in opportunities to expand our understanding of a part of the world that is too often overlooked.

We hope that you enjoy your evening and find plenty to talk about in the morning.

Bill Chapmanbill@richmondforum.org

Executive Directorletter from the

Tonight’s presentation may not be recorded or photographed by any means for any purpose.

The Forum’s publications are printed by B&B Printing.

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Ellen Johnson SirleafAfrica and its Place in the World

November 6, 2010

Host Patron

Producer Patron

Producer Patron

Producer Patron

Owens & Minor

Community Idea Stations

Plow & Hearth

VCU School of Business

Ban Caribe

The Rev. Andrew Momolue Diggs Buela Carey-Nagbe

Bill ChapmanExecutive DirectorThe Richmond Forum

The Honorable Dwight C. JonesMayorCity of Richmond

Her Excellency President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

Fifteen Minute Intermissionfor Collection of Audience Questions

Mr. Chapman

President Sirleaf and Dr. Christopher B. Howard

Mr. Chapman

Opening program

Liberian National Anthem

U.S. National Anthem

Opening remarks

Welcome and introduction

of tonight’s speaker

Presentation

Intermission

Remarks and introduction

of tonight’s moderator

Audience Questions

Closing Remarks

Richmond Forum.indd 1 9/20/10 9:15:45 AM

When Ellen Johnson was just a baby, an old man in the neighborhood pronounced, “This child shall be great.” Although she and her siblings would often giggle as the story was recounted, the words proved prophetic. Young Ellen grew up to become the African continent’s first elected woman president, indeed the world’s first elected female black head of state.

In a nation where ethnicity matters, Ellen Johnson was born half Gola (a tribal people from western Liberia), a quarter Kru (a tribe from the Liberian interior), and a quarter German. Both of her parents were born into poverty and sent to Monrovia, the capital of Liberia, where they were raised by Americo-Liberian families—descendants of the freed American slaves who colonized Liberia in the 19th century and who themselves oppressed many of the indigenous peoples. While not a member of the Americo-Liberian elite by ancestry, Ellen enjoyed the benefits of an education not available to most indigenous Liberian children.

After marriage at the age of seventeen to James Sirleaf, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf traveled to America to study, receiving a B.A. in accounting from University of Wisconsin, an economics diploma from University of Colorado and a master’s degree in public administration from Harvard in 1971. She then returned to Liberia to work in President William Tolbert’s administration, ultimately serving in his cabinet as Minister of Finance.

During the 1970s, life under Liberia’s one-party, pro-Americo-Liberian state became increasingly polarized. In 1980, Samuel Doe, a member of the indigenous Krahn ethnic group, seized power in a bloody military coup in which President Tolbert was assassinated

and 13 members of the cabinet were executed. Sirleaf escaped into exile in Kenya, and Liberia fell into a civil war that would claim hundreds of thousands of lives over the next 20 years and devastate the country’s economy.

In 1985, Sirleaf returned to Liberia to run as the vice presidential candidate on a ticket opposing Doe. She was immediately placed under arrest for a speech delivered in Philadelphia in which she was critical of Doe. She was sentenced to ten years in prison but released a short time later. Sirleaf returned to the campaign, this time running for the Senate. She won the election but refused to take her seat, protesting Doe’s fraudulent victory in the presidential election. She was again imprisoned for sedition, this time serving eight months. Upon her release, she returned to the United States where she lived in Alexandria, Virginia, and worked as an economist for the World Bank and as the director of the United Nations Regional Bureau for Africa.

In 1990, Samuel Doe was overthrown in a coup led by Charles Taylor, whom Sirleaf initially supported but soon came to oppose. In 1997, she returned to Liberia to run against Taylor for president, but she lost. Sirleaf continued to fight for the removal of Taylor until, under mounting international pressure and charges of “crimes against humanity,” Taylor resigned in 2003.

Sirleaf played an active role in the transitional government as the

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Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

Richmond Forum.indd 1 9/20/10 9:15:45 AM

Continued

To: President Sirleaf

From: Team Owens & Minor

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Richmond Forum Sept.indd 1 9/8/10 3:05:52 PM

country prepared for elections in 2005. She entered the election and successfully campaigned for president on a vision of peace and national renewal. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and First Lady Laura Bush attended Sirleaf ’s inauguration in 2006 as she took over leadership of one of the world’s poorest nations, with 85% unemployment, a crippling national debt, and a seeming hair trigger that could plunge the nation back into bloodshed.

In November 2007, President George W. Bush awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom, saying, “When tyrannies fall, it’s often the prisoners and exiles who are called forth to lead their people.”

Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair has called Sirleaf “one of Africa’s most inspiring and visionary leaders.”

In August, Newsweek included President

Sirleaf in its list of ten global leaders who have “managed to win serious respect,” dubbing her “the Rebuilder.”

Since taking office, Sirleaf has preserved the peace while working aggressively to restore Liberia’s world image and secure forgiveness of the overwhelming international debt that would otherwise prohibit the rebuilding of the nation. Her leadership style is reflected in the two affectionate nicknames given her by the Liberian people: “Iron Lady” and “Ma.” Earlier this year, she announced that she will seek a second term in 2011.

Her 2009 memoir, This Child Will be Great, is dedicated to “all the people of Liberia who have suffered so much and now look forward to reclaiming the future.”

President Sirleaf is the first-ever sitting head of state to address The Richmond Forum.

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To: President Sirleaf

From: Team Owens & Minor

What a difference

you’ve made!

9120 Lockwood Boulevard Mechanicsville, Virginia 23116

804.723.7000 www.owens-minor.com

Richmond Forum Sept.indd 1 9/8/10 3:05:52 PM

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Tonight’s moderator, Dr. Christopher B. Howard, is the President of Hampden-Sydney College in Farmville, Virginia and is one of the youngest college presidents in America.

Dr. Howard is a distinguished graduate of the United States Air Force Academy, where he earned a B.S. in political science and received the

Campbell Award (previously known as the Draddy Award), the highest academic award in the country presented to a senior football player. A Rhodes Scholar, he earned his doctorate in politics at Oxford University and his M.B.A. with distinction from

the Harvard Business School.Prior to his appointment as President of

Hampden-Sydney in 2009, Dr. Howard served

as Vice President for Leadership & Strategic Initiatives at the University of Oklahoma, where he also served as the Director of the Honors College Leadership Center and a President’s Associates Presidential Professor.

In 2010, Dr. Howard was named an African-American Trailblazer in Virginia History by the Library of Virginia. Dr. Howard has co-authored, with David Snider, Money Makers: Inside the New World of Finance and Business.

An Air Force Lieutenant Colonel, Dr. Howard was called to active duty during 2003 in Afghanistan, where he was awarded a Bronze Star. He currently serves as the Reserve Air Attaché to Liberia.

Dr. Howard is married to the former Miss Barbara Noble of Johannesburg, South Africa. They have two sons: Cohen and Joshua.

Ban Caribe is an Afro-based music ensemble that tonight will be performing music closely related to the African Highlife music popular in West Africa and Liberia. Highlife originated in Ghana in the 1920s, blending European and Caribbean influences with the African rhythms of Ghana, Liberia and Sierra Leone.

Ban Caribe will play a variety of instruments tonight, including the shekere (a gourd with beads woven into a net), maracas, conga drums, claves (two wooden sticks used for percussion), timbales (two tom-toms of differing pitch), bongos, and a marimba (a piano-like instrument with wooden bars).

Ban Caribe is led by Kevin Davis, who currently serves on the faculty at the University

of Virginia, teaching percussion. He is a co-founder of the World Beat Workshop, a Guest Artist for the Virginia Commission for the Arts, and has participated with Young Audiences Arts for Learning of Virginia and performed for youth throughout the East Coast and in Hawaii.

Ban Caribe is the 2006 winner of the Virginia Commonwealth University Theresa Pollak Prize for Excellence in the Arts.

Tonight’s musical performance is made possible by the generous support of Moore Cadillac Company.

Ban Caribe

Kevin Davis

Christopher B. Howard

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this great Commonwealth. Second, your four decades of dedicated public service and astute leadership as the “people’s servant” have been marked by vitality, innovation and a desire to make life better for every Liberian. Third, your selection by and appearance at The Richmond Forum mark the first time that a sitting head of state has been afforded this honor.

As you continue to pull Liberia out of the “ashes” of civil war and onto a path of growth and prosperity, it is LAVA’s commitment to be a constant partner with you in this process.

Again, on behalf of LAVA and all Virginians, we say to you and your delegation in our Liberian vernacular—“welcome ya.”

Levi R. JohnsonInterim President, LAVA

“Welcome Ya”On behalf of the officers and members of the Liberian Association of Virginia (LAVA), it is our honor to join The Richmond Forum in welcoming Her Excellency Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, President of the Republic of Liberia, to Richmond, Virginia.

Established in 1976, LAVA is a non-profit, non-political, non-partisan organization headquartered in Richmond. LAVA focuses on three key areas: education, economic development and empowerment, and promotion of the Liberian social and cultural experience.

LAVA has been a unifying vehicle for Liberians and friends of Liberia living in Virginia. Over the last decade, LAVA’s membership has grown significantly as many Liberian immigrants fleeing Liberia’s 14 years of civil war have embraced Virginia as their “home away from home.”

Madame President, we’re excited and energized by your visit to Richmond for three reasons. First, it coincides with LAVA’s year-long celebration of the life and works of Liberia’s first president, Joseph Jenkins Roberts of Virginia, and the deep historical ties between Liberia and

Ma-Musu’s Africanne on Main

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At the heart of a small but warm Liberian community in Richmond is the traditional Liberian cooking of Ida Daniels, better known as Chef Ma-Musu.

Located at the corner of 2nd and Main, Ma-Musu’s Africanne serves staple West African dishes such as spicy jollof rice, palm butter stew, Liberian pepper soup, cassava leaf and plantains. The influence of the freed slaves

who emigrated to Liberia from America can also be seen in typical Southern favorites like collards, okra and cornbread. Top it all off with a ginger root tea.

Ida learned to cook from her grandmother in Liberia, and today she enjoys sharing her heritage and cooking with Richmonders.

We thank Chef Ma-Musu for her support of our program tonight.

Historyof Liberia

Portuguese explorers established contacts with Liberia as early as 1461 and named the area the Grain Coast because of the abundance of “grains of paradise” (Malegueta pepper seeds). In 1663, the British installed trading posts on the Grain Coast, but the Dutch destroyed these posts a year later. There were no further reports of European settlements along the Grain Coast until the arrival of freed slaves in the early 1800s.

Liberia, “land of the free,” was founded by free African-Americans and freed slaves from the United States in 1820. An initial group of 86 immigrants, who came to be called Americo-Liberians, established a settlement in Christopolis (now Monrovia, named after U.S. President James Monroe) on February 6, 1820.

The drive to resettle freed slaves in Africa was promoted by the American Colonization Society (ACS), an organization of white clergymen, abolitionists, and slave owners founded in 1816. Between 1821 and 1867 the ACS resettled some 10,000 African-Americans and several thousand Africans from interdicted slave ships; it governed the colony until it declared its independence as the Republic of Liberia on July 26, 1847.

In Liberia’s early years, the Americo-Liberian settlers periodically encountered stiff and sometimes violent opposition from indigenous Africans, who were excluded from

citizenship in the new Republic until 1904. Politically, the country was a one-party state ruled by the True Whig Party (TWP). Joseph Jenkins Roberts, who was born and raised in Virginia, was Liberia’s first President. The style of government and constitution was fashioned on that of the United States, and the Americo-Liberian elite monopolized political power and restricted the voting rights of the indigenous population. The True Whig Party dominated all sectors of Liberia from independence in 1847 until April 12, 1980, when indigenous Liberian Master Sergeant Samuel K. Doe (from the Krahn ethnic group) seized power in a coup d’etat. Doe’s forces executed President William R. Tolbert and several officials of his government, mostly of Americo-Liberian descent, ending 133 years of Americo-Liberian political domination.

Over time, the Doe government began promoting members of Doe’s Krahn ethnic group, who soon dominated political and military life in Liberia. This raised ethnic tensions and caused frequent hostilities between the politically and militarily dominant Krahns and other ethnic groups in the country.

After the October 1985 elections, characterized by widespread fraud, Doe solidified his control. The period after the elections saw increased human rights abuses, corruption, and ethnic tensions. The standard

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of living further deteriorated. Despite Doe’s poor human rights record

and questionable democratic credentials, he retained close relations with Washington. A staunch U.S. ally, Doe met twice with President Ronald Reagan and enjoyed considerable U.S. financial support.

On December 24, 1989, a small band of rebels led by Doe’s former procurement chief, Charles Taylor, invaded Liberia from Cote d’Ivoire. Taylor and his National Patriotic Front rebels rapidly gained the support of many Liberians and reached the outskirts of Monrovia within six months.

From 1989 to 1996 one of Africa’s bloodiest civil wars ensued, claiming the lives of more than 200,000 Liberians and displacing a million others into refugee camps in neighboring countries. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) intervened in 1990 and succeeded in preventing Charles Taylor from capturing Monrovia. Prince Johnson—formerly a member of Taylor’s National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL)—formed the break-away Independent National Patriotic Front of Liberia (INPFL). Johnson’s forces captured and killed Doe on September 9, 1990. Taking refuge in Sierra Leone and other neighboring countries, former Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL) soldiers founded the new insurgent United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy (ULIMO), fighting back Taylor’s NPFL.

An Interim Government of National Unity (IGNU) was formed in Gambia under the auspices of ECOWAS in October 1990, headed by Dr. Amos C. Sawyer. Taylor (along with other Liberian factions) refused to work with the interim government and continued fighting. After more than a dozen peace accords and declining military power, Taylor finally agreed to the formation of a five-man

transitional government. A hasty disarmament and demobilization of warring factions was followed by special elections on July 19, 1997. Charles Taylor and his National Patriotic Party emerged victorious. Taylor won the election by a large majority, primarily because Liberians feared a return to war had Taylor lost.

For the next six years, the Taylor government did not improve the lives of Liberians. Unemployment and illiteracy stood above 75%, and little investment was made in restoring the country’s war-torn infrastructure. Instead, Taylor supported the Revolutionary United Front in Sierra Leone.

Taylor’s misrule led to the resumption of armed rebellion from among Taylor’s former adversaries. By 2003, armed groups called “Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy” (LURD) and “Movement for Democracy in Liberia” (MODEL), largely representing elements of the former ULIMO-K and ULIMO-J factions that fought Taylor during Liberia’s previous civil war (1989-1996), were challenging Taylor and his increasingly fragmented supporters on the outskirts of Monrovia.

On June 4, 2003, the Chief Prosecutor of the Special Court for Sierra Leone issued a press statement announcing the opening of a sealed March 7, 2003 indictment of Liberian President Charles Taylor for “bearing the greatest responsibility” for atrocities in Sierra Leone since November 1996. In July 2003 the Government of Liberia, LURD, and MODEL signed a cease-fire that all sides failed to respect; bitter fighting reached downtown Monrovia in July and August 2003, creating a massive humanitarian disaster.

On August 11, 2003, under intense U.S. and international pressure, President Taylor resigned office and departed

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into exile in Nigeria. This move paved the way for the deployment by ECOWAS of what became a 3,600-strong peacekeeping mission in Liberia. On August 18, 2003, leaders from the Liberian Government, the rebels, political parties, and civil society signed a comprehensive peace agreement that laid the framework for constructing a 2-year National Transitional Government of Liberia headed by businessman Charles Gyude Bryant. The UN took over security in Liberia in October 2003, subsuming ECOMIL into the United Nations Mission in Liberia, a force that grew to over 12,000 troops and 1,148 police officers.

The October 11, 2005 presidential and legislative elections and the subsequent November 8, 2005 presidential run-off were the most free, fair, and peaceful elections in Liberia’s history. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf defeated international soccer star George Weah 59.4% to 40.6% to become Africa’s first democratically elected female president. She was inaugurated in January 2006 and formed a government of technocrats drawn from among Liberia’s ethnic groups and including members of the Liberian diaspora who had returned to the country to rebuild government institutions. The president’s party, the Unity Party, does not control the legislature, in which nine of the 20 registered political parties are represented.

The political situation has remained stable since the 2005 elections. The Government of Liberia has made positive strides aimed at political stability and economic recovery. President Sirleaf has taken a public stance against corruption and has dismissed several government officials. The President is supported

by highly experienced and technically competent senior officials, and the public has more confidence in her administration than in any of its recent predecessors. President Sirleaf enjoys good relations with international organizations and donor governments, with whom

she is working closely on Liberia’s development. The national legislature has enacted several key reforms. A Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was established in 2005 to investigate and report on gross human rights violations that occurred in Liberia between January 1979 and October 2003. The TRC’s final, edited report was released in late 2009.

The Government of Liberia and its partners continue to focus on creating jobs, attracting investment, and providing education and other essential services to Liberia’s communities. The Sirleaf government won substantial donor support for its new poverty reduction strategy at the June 2008 Liberia Poverty Reduction Forum in Berlin, Germany. In order to maintain stability through the post-conflict period, Liberia’s security sector reform efforts have led to the disarmament of more than 100,000 ex-combatants, the wholesale U.S.-led reconstruction of the Armed Forces of Liberia, and a UN-led effort to overhaul the Liberian National Police. The mandate of UNMIL was extended in September 2009 to September 2010. A gradual drawdown of troops to 8,200 was expected by May 2010.

Liberia’s next presidential election will take place in 2011.

Sources: U.S. Department of State and Embassy of the Republic of Liberia

President George W. Bush awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom to President Sirleaf in 2007. (AP Photo)

freed slaves that arrived in Liberia after 1820, make up less than 5% of the population. There are also sizeable numbers of Lebanese, Indians and other West Africans who comprise part of Liberia’s business community. The Liberian constitution restricts citizenship to only “people of Negro descent,” and land ownership is restricted by law to citizens.

Economy

GDP: $836 million (IMF 2009, est.)Real GPD growth rate: 1.2 % (2009, est.)Per capita GDP: $204.74 (2009, est.)Avg. annual inflation: 9.0% (2008, est.)Natural resources: iron ore, rubber, timber, diamonds, gold and tin.Agriculture products: coffee, cocoa, sugarcane, rice, cassava, palm oil, bananas, plantains, citrus, pineapple, sweet potatoes, corn and vegetablesIndustries: agriculture, iron ore, rubber, forestry, diamonds, gold, beverages, constructionExports: $184.1 million (of which rubber is $170.9 million). Major markets: Germany, Poland, U.S., GreeceImports: $498.7 million (petroleum $125 million, rice $65.3 million)

Sources: U.S. Department of State andEmbassy of the Republic of Liberia

The Republic of Liberia Today

Geography & People

Location: Liberia is situated on the West Coast of Africa, bounded on the west by Sierra Leone, on the north by the Republic of Guinea, on the south by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the east by Cote D’Ivoire. Liberia is slightly larger than Ohio.Capital: Monrovia (pop. 1 million)Terrain: Mangrove swamps and beaches along the coast, wooded hills and semi-deciduous shrub lands along the immediate interior, and dense tropical forests and plateaus in the interior. Liberia has 40% of West Africa’s rain forest.Population: 3.49 million (2008)Official language: English (18 local tribal languages are also spoken.)Religions: Liberia is a Christian state, but Islam has many followers —especially in the north of the country—and tribal religions are practiced in some rural areas. Education: Literacy –50% (2007)Health: Life expectancy is 45 years (2007)Work force: 70% agriculture, 15% industry, 2% services. Employment in the formal sector is estimated at 15%.Ethnic groups: 28 tribes make up Liberia’s indigenous population. The Kpelle in central and western Liberia is the largest ethnic group. Americo-Liberians, who are descendants of

Photo courtesy ChildFund International

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Joseph Jenkins Roberts

On January 3, 1848, Joseph Jenkins Roberts took office as the first president of the Republic of Liberia.

Born a free man in Norfolk, Virginia in 1809, at a time when most African Americans in Virginia were slaves, Roberts grew up in Norfolk and Petersburg, and worked with his stepfather on a flatboat on the James River. He gained his early education by reading books from

the private library of William Colson, a black barber under whom he apprenticed. In 1829, after his stepfather died, Roberts emigrated to Liberia on board the Harriet with his mother, six siblings, and his wife Sarah, who died sometime after their arrival. Liberia, located in western Africa, was founded in the 1820s by the American Colonization Society.

Before leaving Norfolk, Roberts entered into a partnership with Colson. In exchange for basic supplies shipped by Colson, Roberts exported ivory, camwood, palm products, and other goods from the Liberian interior. Although Liberia was still a struggling colony when Roberts arrived, he soon settled in and began a successful business. In 1833, he became high sheriff and was responsible for tax collection, he served as the first black governor of the colony of Liberia from 1840 until 1847, and in 1848 he was elected the first president of the new Republic of Liberia. Serving as president twice from 1848 to 1856, and again from 1872 to 1876, Roberts also helped found

Liberia College in 1851, serving as a professor and as the college’s first president. In 1836 he married his second wife, Jane Waring.

In many respects, emigrants to Liberia re-created an American society there. The colonists spoke English and retained American manners, dress and housing styles. Affluent citizens constructed two-story houses composed of a stone basement and a wood-framed body with a portico on both the front and rear, a style copied from buildings in the southern American states from which most of the emigrants came. Liberia’s president lived in a handsome stone mansion that resembled a southern plantation house.

As president of Liberia, Roberts traveled to Europe and to the United States on diplomatic visits. He was welcomed by Queen Victoria and by Napoleon III. In Virginia, powerful white supporters for colonization hosted Roberts. Joseph Jenkins Roberts died in Liberia on February 24, 1876.

Source: www.virginiamemory.com

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For more about the role of Virginians in the founding and early history of Liberia, we recommend the book, “An African Republic” by Marie Tyler-McGraw.

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From our Richmond headquarters, MWV reaches customers in over 100 countries. Thanks to Virginia’s business-friendly climate and our talented, diverse workforce, we’re able to reach the world and still feel right at home.

mwv.com

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To learn more, please visit altria.com

At Altria, we believe that part of being a leader is contributing to the

development of those around you.

That is why we actively support programs that bring strength, vibrance

and diversity to our communities, and improve the quality of life for

everyone in the places we call home.

The people of the Altria family of companies thank The Richmond

Forum for their dedication and commitment to our families,

neighbors and friends.

StrengtheningCommunities

© Altria Group, Inc. 2009

F. Willson CraigieSenior Vice President

Susan S. CraigieSenior Vice President

951 East Byrd Street, Suite 930

Richmond, Virginia 23219

804.225.1119 • 800.742.3850

Morgan KeeganMorgan Keegan & Company, Inc.

Member FINRA, SIPC

Not FDIC Insured | May Lose Value | No Bank Guarantee

Not a Deposit | Not Insured by Any Government Agency

Personal Portfolio Management

www.rainbowstation.org

PRESCHOOL · NURSERY SCHOOL THE VILLAGE · PRIVATE KINDERGARTEN

Honors

President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf of Liberia

AfricaAnd Its Place in the World

Find us on

TWITTER!Visit ourFACEBOOKPage!

Rainbow Station®

“Building The Future, One Child At A Time” Touch Points Public Relations

Collaborative solutions that make sense for you.

www.touchpointspr.com

Engage our passion for results.Change Management Internal Communications Media Relations Special Events Reputation Management

The Dianne and Ken WrightFoundation is proud to

support one of the top cancertreatment centers in America.

The Mission of The Massey CancerCenter is to serve the Commonwealthof Virginia as an internationallyrecognized institute ofclinical, educationaland research excellencededicated to improvingthe quality of human lifethrough the prevention,control and cure of cancer.

(804) 828-6284

Discuss. Explore.

B A N K I N G I N S U R A N C E I N V E S T M E N T S

Being a part of the community.It takes more than having a branch here.

BB&T. Member FDIC. Only deposit products are FDIC insured. BBT.com. © 2010 BB&T.

hopeShelly Smith, N.P.

1501 Maple Avenue, Suite 301, Richmond, VA 23226804.288.7246 www.commonwealthpain.com

Commonwealth Pain specialists

hope

painPioneers in the science of

Stephen P. Long, M.D.

Practitioners in the science of

John M. Barsanti, M.D.

We understand that.

a stimulating forumnurtures the mind for a lifetime

Davenport & Company LLC • Est. 1863 • Member: NYSE • FINRA • SIPC

901 East Cary Street Suite 1100 Richmond, Virginia 23219

(804) 780-2000 • www.investdavenport.com

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Staff

Bill ChapmanExecutive Directorbill@richmondforum.org

Debbie MangolasOffice and Ticket Sales Managerdebbie@richmondforum.org

Dee A. RaubenstineDirector of Development and Public Affairsdee@richmondforum.org

(804) 330-3993www.richmondforum.org

Production

John Carter HaileyStage Manager

Susan Senita BradshawAssistant Stage Manager

Boitnott Visual CommunicationsAudio, Video & Sound

Dan HitchcockProduction ManagerBoitnott Visual Communications

James W. BynumStudent Room Manager

Lt. Robert C. MarlandTransportation andSecurity Coordinator

Thomas J. O’Donnell, Jr.Security

Debbie MangolasWilliam WillersdorfBox Office

Bob Thagardfuel creative, inc.

circle S studio

Carlos ChafinComposer In Your Ear

Matthew CostelloVoiceover

Audrey M. BoothTheater Manager

Joe YarbroughTheater Operations Manager

Steve Sweet Theater Technical Director

Tim Posey Assistant Technical Director

Publications

Michael G. BlandGreg FrazeeNichole ElkinsPrint Directors

Angelo MinorAction Photo

Bill ChapmanDee RaubenstineEditors

Hostesses

Jan BeneshZel BoleyDonna Raubenstine

Question Sorters

Samuel D. Barham, III Tim Barnett Kenneth M. DyePaula I. OttoDan Timberlake

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Executive Committee

Judith W. Pahren Chair Capital One

Bruce Kelley Vice Chair Program Committee Chair The Martin Agency

W. Jefferson O’Flaherty Treasurer Xenith Bank

H. Michael Ligon Secretary Universal Leaf Tobacco Co.

Gail W. Johnson, RN, MS Governance Committee Chair Rainbow Station

Douglas A. Nunn Investment Committee Chair The Trust Company of Virginia

Gregory Hillman Education Committee Chair IBM Corporation

Linda Warren Member at Large Altria Group, Inc.

Directors

Michael G. Bland B&B Printing

Shawn Boyer SnagAJob.com

Tim Butturini Wachovia, a Wells Fargo Company

James A. Buzzard MWV

Clifford J. Culley U.S. Trust, Bank of America Private Wealth Management

James W. Dunn Bon Secours Richmond Health Care System

Kenneth M. Dye Comcast Metro Richmond

Richard J. Farrell Richmond Aquarium

Thomas E. duB. (“Ted”) Fauls Troutman Sanders LLP

Philip H. Goodpasture Williams Mullen

Susan Greenbaum Recording Artist and Songwriter

Susan Hardwicke, Ph.D. VABION LLC

The Honorable Todd P. Haymore Commonwealth of Virginia

Kathleen Maccio Holman Davenport & Company LLC

Michael S. Laming Genworth Financial, Inc.

Nancy F. Langston, Ph.D. VCU School of Nursing

Ray Lepper Home Media Stores, LLC

J. Theodore Linhart Dominion Auto Group

Lyn McDermid Dominion

Linda Powell Pruitt Powell Pruitt Associates

Timothy D. Smith LCOR, Incorporated

Advisory Board

Carolyn B. Bush County of Henrico

Felicia Cosby City of Richmond

Kathy Graziano Richmond City Council

Carolyn P. Henly County of Chesterfield

Scot L. MorrisRBC Wealth Management

John Sherman, Jr.

2010-2011 Board of Directors

Production Team & Staff

TO GREAT LEADERS,IT’S ALWAYS HALF FULL.

At Dominion, we’re committed to investing

in the leadership skills of people who choose

to see the world for all that it can be.

Leadership requires the vision to see what

others often can’t. At Dominion, we support

the people who have this unique ability. By

funding programs that recognize leadership

abilities, develop leadership skills and promote

diversity, we’re helping make our communities

stronger today and better prepared for

tomorrow. To learn more about how we’re

putting our energy to work strengthening

leadership in the communities we serve, visit

www.dom.com, keyword: foundation.

Lead PatronAltria Group, Inc.Comcast Metro RichmondDavenport & Company LLCDominion ResourcesGenworth Financial, Inc.

Host PatronB&B PrintingHourigan ConstructionOwens & MinorTroutman Sanders LLP Wachovia, a Wells Fargo Company

Producer PatronCapital Onecircle S studioCovington International TravelDominion Digital IBM CorporationLongwood UniversityPlow & HearthPricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP The Trust Company of VirginiaUniversal Leaf Tobacco Co., Inc. University of Mary WashingtonU.S. Trust, Bank of America Private Wealth ManagementVCU Medical Center VCU School of Business FoundationWilliams Mullen

Educational PatronDr. & Mrs. W. Baxter Perkinson, Jr. Trinity Episcopal School

Media PatronCommunity Idea Stations WCVE-WHTJ-WCVW-88.9FM

Music PatronMoore Cadillac Company

Transportation PatronWINN Transportation

MunicipalitiesCity of RichmondCounty of Henrico

SponsorAlfa Laval Inc.BB&TBon Secours Richmond Health SystemBuckingham Greenery, Inc.CapTech Ventures, Inc.

Commonwealth Pain Specialists John M. Barsanti, MD Stephen P. Long, MDCraigie & CraigieThe Hilb GroupHirschler FleischerHospital Hospitality HouseLiberty Property TrustMcGuireWoodsMedia General, Inc.Morgan Stanley Smith Barney MWVBart NastaJudy & Dave PahrenRainbow StationSunTrust BankTouch Points Public RelationsTowers WatsonVerizon CommunicationsDianne & Ken Wright Foundation

ContributorActuarial Benefits & Design AnonymousDSC LogisticsEndeavor Capital, LLCH & H Grandis PropertiesHoover & StrongHunton & Williams, LLPIn Your EarMarkel CorporationMcCandlish HoltonMercerParty PlusPerspectives, Inc.Randolph-Macon College Richmond AquariumSnagAJob.com

FriendThe Actuarial Consulting Group Dr. & Mrs. Ralph L. AndersonMr. & Mrs. Roger BoevéThe Brink’s CompanyMrs. Wilson M. Brown, Jr.fuel creative, inc.Steven F. Glessner MD and Virginia L. SchusterHome Media ®Bruce Kelley, Ella KelleyTrisha Krause, DMD, MS and Sanjay Bhagchandani, DMD EndodonticsMary & Ted LinhartMr. & Mrs. Robert A. Mann

Lyn McDermid Mutual Assurance Society of VirginiaDr. Dianne Reynolds-CaneSigma National, Inc.Timothy Smith & Mary Ellen PauliCraig & Annhorner TruittJames & Vanessa Wigand

SupporterMr. José AlfaroMr. & Mrs. Tommy BaerKenneth C. Blaisdell & Sherryn StaufferMr. & Mrs. J. H. BrowerLinda & Dale CannadyMr. Jeff ChapmanRobert & Candace CodyHarold M. Cruse, D.D.S.CSI of VirginiaMrs. Creed S. DavisMary Beth & Richard Deutsch Jack & Nita EnochMr. & Mrs. Charles Edwin EstesMr. Joseph C. FarrellWilliam R. FieldsMr. & Mrs. Robert B. GilesBill and Marsha GintherPaige and Philip GoodpastureMr. A. William HamillMr. Jay HollowayMr. & Mrs. Gary C. HudsonBonnie HuntMs. Louise JacksonNancy F. LangstonDr. Bernice LathamDrs. John and Rhoda MahoneyArt & Jerry McKinneyPorter Realty CompanyMyron H. ReinhartRiggers, Inc.Michael & Linda RigsbyEric SamuelsonRick SchofieldJoe SchwererSMART Resources Inc.Leila and Kirk SpitzerLeslie Stack & Frank RizzoMr. Geoff StiffDr. & Mrs. Ken StonerGary & Pat SullivanClaiborne & Ann TerryVAMAC, Inc.Dr. & Mrs. Douglas A. WayneMr. Eric WhiteDick & Marty Wilson

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2010-2011 Patrons

Thank you for your support!

We’re not just in your neighborhood. We’re in your corner.

Wachovia Bank and Wachovia Bank of Delaware are divisions of Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. Member FDIC.© 2010 Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. ECG-342104

wachovia.com

Towers Watson

towerswatson.com

Bene�tsRisk and Financial ServicesTalent and Rewards

For more information, contact Dick Miller at +1 804 246 9693.

A new global company

with a singular focus on our clients.

Millions of times a day, our 210,800 employees connect us

to the communities we serve.

It’s a personal bond as reliable as our networks. And a big responsibility.

Verizon is a proud supporter of The Richmond Forum

verizon.com/responsibility

THE RICHMOND FORUM WELCOMES THE STUDENTS AND FACULTY OF TRINITY EPISCOPAL SCHOOL IN A SPECIAL PROGRAM DESIGNED TO CONNECT THE CLASSROOM, THE COMMUNITY AND CURRENT EVENTS.

IN ACADEMICS

We discover what motivates students and use that knowledge to challenge them

IN THE INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE PROGRAM

Academics with a world view provide a competitive curriculum in a dynamic environment

IN THE COMMUNITY

We celebrate the differences that make us individuals and the common ground that makes us a community

WITH THE FACULTY

Building relationships based on mutual respect helps students realize their full potential

DISCOVER YOUR PATH AT TRINITY EPISCOPAL SCHOOL

www.trinityes.org

We are grateful to Dr. & Mrs. W. Baxter Perkinson, Jr.for their financial support for this educational program.

Craig T. AlmondTayler R. AndersonAlexandra E. BarnesNatalie L. BirkelienGeorge Blackwell BridgforthStuart T. BrownTimothy M. ChesterMadison G. ClarkAncil S. CraytonCatherine M. CunninghamAdrian E. DanShelby W. DarlingtonFrank P. DormanEvie C. DoughtieMatthew D. Elgin

Michelle C. GibbonsEleanor E. GoodeElisabeth S. S. GreenwoodNicholas R. Griggs-DraneBenjamin J. GrossOlivia D. HairfieldOlivia B. HargettJames M. HarkinsAddie T. HuizengaAbigail R. JenkinsTyler P. JutzRebecca C. KientzTaylor B. KingNeil C. KirbyMary Elizabeth Lawrence

Cathryn B. LevanderNicholas J. MarkunasTaylor S. McClainMarcelline A. MerryKelsey J. MitchellMatthew J. MitchellAshley B. MorrisJulia G. OatesJessica M. Ostrowski-WrightSage M. ParkerCassie A. PegramThomas Lee RiceMarysia Kolbe RiederGrace E. RiggsMyles C. Rivera

M. Alexandra SchreckMary Lauren ShepherdJenna R. StaubBrenna W. SullivanConner P. SullivanMargaret O. SweeneyAlexandra J. ValentineEmily R. WilkinsonGeorge Lee WilkinsonJeffrey C. Willis

Sarah McDermott, AdvisorRobert Patterson, AdvisorLee Sprague, Advisor

Trinity Episcopal School Student Ushers

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Trinity Episcopal School advocates service to one’s community as an important aspect

of individual character development and as an essential element in the creation of a strong

community. These Trinity students, selected from the School’s Honor Roll, serve as ushers

for The Richmond Forum this season. Through their service, the students facilitate an exchange of

ideas that broadens our understanding of the trends and issues shaping our lives and our community.

Flowers have the same meaning in any language...

Come visit us at

1-800-322-4711www.buckinghamgreenery.comwww.facebook.com/Buckinghamgreenery

www.twitter.com/BGreenery

EVERY MEDICAL CENTER HAS THE BOOKS.

WE HAVE THE AUTHORS.We’re proud of the contributions VCU physicians have made

to the world of medicine and medical literature.

vcuhealth.org

RichmondForum.indd 1 9/16/10 10:04:08 AM

For leasing information, please call (804)-934-4300 www.libertyproperty.com

Enhancing People’s Lives Through Extraordinary Work Environments

Largest Industrial Landlord in Richmond 2nd Largest Office Landlord in

Innsbrook Nation’s leader of LEED® development Richmond’s 1st LEED® GOLD-CS certified multi-tenant office building

The solution for your real estate needs.

We are proud to supportcommunity discussionof issues and events

RichmondForumAD_10_MG.pdf 1 8/23/2010 4:22:24 PM

commercial real estate financing, acquisitions and dispositions

CORPORATE FINANCE

ZONING & LAND USE

Labor & Employment Law

SECURITIES LITIGATION

construction litigation

Development & Construction

real estate securities offerings

MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

LEASING

BANKRUPTCY & WORKOUTScommercial litigation

ESOPs

TRUSTS & ESTATES

www.hf-law.com

Richmond 804.771.9500

Fredericksburg 540.604.2100

A T T O R N E Y S A T L A W

In less than a month,Hospital Hospitality House

provides lodging and non-medical servicesfor more guests than are attendingThe Richmond Forum this evening.

In fact, HHH provides a homeaway from home for about 160 patients

and family members each night,4,800 each month, that are visiting Richmond

for medical care at area hospitals.

They count on HHH.

Can we count on you to help?

Look around, start counting.

804 . 828 .6901 www.hhhrichmond.org

Three Ways to Stay ConnectedBetween Programs

The Richmond Forum website is the place to stay current on news about our speakers and the latest program announcements. Plus, you’ll find video clips from past Forum programs, photo libraries, speaker biographies, online program books, and much more! Check in often to stay current!

Visit www.RichmondForum.org1

Over 1,000 of our subscribers engage with The Richmond Forum and each other on Facebook. Join the fun and conversation! Visit after the program to share your comments and viewpoints. Participate in impromptu Richmond Forum trivia contests. Ask questions of The Richmond Forum staff, and more.

Join The Richmond Forum on Facebook.2

If we don’t have your e-mail address, you’re not receiving important communications from The Richmond Forum. We never share e-mail addresses with other organizations, and we won’t fill up your in-box. Join our e-mail list at www.RichmondForum.org.

Make sure we have your e-mail address.3

The Hilb Group, Richmond’s newest insurance broker, is proud to support

The Richmond Forum’s 2010-2011 season.

The Hilb Group, LLC 4870 Sadler Road, Suite 300

Glen Allen, VA 23060

www.hilbgroup.com

1987 January Ted Koppel February “Iran: Yesterday and Today” Hodding Carter, Paul Duke and Larry Speakes March Diane Sawyer with General Brent Scowcroft April Charles Kuralt

1987-1988 January Oprah Winfrey February George Will March “The Cold War – Will it Thaw?” Marvin Kalb, Jeane Kirkpatrick and Vladimir Pozner April Art Buchwald

1988-1989 January Sam Donaldson February John Chancellor and Henry Kissinger March “Should Drugs be Legalized?” William Buckley and Charles Rangel April Dr. Carl Sagan

1989-1990 January Paul Duke, Howard Fineman and Charles McDowell February “Perspectives – From Right to Left” Frank Carlucci, Bettina Gregory, George McGovern, William Proxmire and William Rusher March Mike Wallace April Alistair Cooke

1990-1991 October Chancellor Helmut Schmidt January “Crisis in the Persian Gulf” Admiral William Crowe, General Alexander Haig, Robert McFarlane and Edwin Newman February H. Ross Perot March Art Buchwald and Andy Rooney April “Space and Beyond” James Burke, Dr. Frank Drake and James Lovell

1991-1992 October Barbara Walters January Margaret Thatcher February Larry King with General Norman Schwarzkopf March “DNA: From Catching Criminals to Constructing Dinosaurs” Patricia Cornwell, Dr. Victor McKusick and Dr. Marc Micozzi April Mark Russell

1992-1993 October Terry Anderson January “Japanese/American Trade Debate” with Hiroki Kato and T. Boone Pickens February Dr. Joyce Brothers March Bill Cosby April Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev with Cokie Roberts

1993-1994 November “America in the Year 2000” Lamar Alexander, Marvin Cetron, Senator Warren Rudman and Chris Wallace January Louis Rukeyser with Frank Cappiello and Michael Holland February President George H. W. Bush March Dr. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross April Bob Newhart

1994-1995 November General Colin Powell January Walter Cronkite with Judy Woodruff February Dave Barry March Tom Clancy April Jack Kemp and Senator George Mitchell

1995-1996 November Ambassador Carla Hills and Prime Minister Brian Mulroney January “Space and Flight: The First & Last Men on the Moon” Neil Armstrong, Capt. Eugene Cernan, David Hartman and Dick Rutan February Calvin Trillin March Charles Kuralt April “The Presidency, The Press and The People” Ed Bradley, David Gergen, Pierre Salinger, Sheila Tate and Bob Woodward

1996-1997 November Dick Cavett and Carl Reiner January Ray Brady with Paul A. Volcker February “To Preserve and Protect: The Story of the American Presidency” Doris Kearns Goodwin and David McCullough March Sir David Frost interviews Andrew Lloyd Webber April “The Legal System in America” Marcia Clark, Philip K. Howard, Prof. Arthur Miller, Dr. Rodney Smolla and The Hon. Kym Worthy

1997-1998 November Bill Moyers January Wynton Marsalis February Prime Minister Shimon Peres and Dan Raviv March Mary Tyler Moore April Peter Lynch

1998-1999 November Rt. Hon. John Major January Robert S. Bennett and Dr. William J. Bennett with Tim Russert February Harry S. Dent, Jr. and Lou Dobbs March Lily Tomlin April Dr. Robert Ballard and Jean-Michel Cousteau

1999-2000 November Julie Andrews with Catherine Crier January “The Century” Todd Brewster and Peter Jennings February “Technology and the New Marketplace” Ray Brady, Michael Connors and John Krubski March Archbishop Desmond Tutu April James Carville and Newt Gingrich with Tim Russert

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Your Support of the Ralph Krueger Memorial Fund

Makes Life-Changing Student Opportunities Possible.

Established in memory of the founder of The Richmond Forum, the Ralph Krueger Memorial Fund makes it possible for local students to attend sold-out Forum programs.

Tha n k s to you r generous support, this season we will once again be able to host nearly 600 students from area public and private schools in our new satellite student viewing room, providing an opportunity that can be truly life-changing for a young person.

Visit www.RichmondForum.org to learn more or to donate online.

Thank you for your support.

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2000-2001 November Senator John Glenn January Tom Brokaw February Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu with Daniel Schorr March Frank McCourt April Dr. William Kelso

2001-2002 November Hal Holbrook in “Mark Twain Tonight!” January Rabbi Marc Gellman and Msgr. Thomas Hartman February Dick Clark March Doris Kearns Goodwin and David McCullough April The Hon. Madeleine K. Albright and The Hon. James A. Baker III with Gwen Ifill

2002-2003 November Ken Burns January The Hon. Rudolph W. Giuliani February Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto and Her Majesty Queen Noor with Gwen Ifill March FBI Director Louis Freeh April Senator Fred Thompson

2003-2004 November Cal Ripken, Jr. January Robert Shiller and Jeremy Siegel with Geoff Colvin February Candice Bergen March Rt. Hon. Mary Robinson April Thomas L. Friedman

2004-2005 November General Tommy Franks January Michael Beschloss and Walter Isaacson February Tim Russert March Fareed Zakaria April Frank Gehry

2005-2006 November Robert Redford January Sherry Lansing February General Colin Powell March Tom Wolfe April Rick Wagoner with Geoff Colvin

2006-2007 November Burt Rutan January Malcolm Gladwell and Alvin Toffler February B.B. King March Jim Lehrer April Dr. Jared Diamond

2007-2008 November President Vicente Fox January Carly Fiorina February Michael Douglas with Jeffrey Brown March Dr. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. April David Brooks

2008-2009 November Rt. Hon. Tony Blair January Reza Aslan and Jon Meacham February Smokey Robinson with Daphne Maxwell Reid March Terry Bradshaw and Howie Long April Marion Nestle and Michael Pollan

2009-2010 November Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson January Greg Mortenson March Steve Forbes April Condoleezza Rice May David Plouffe

Ralph Krueger

The role of First Lady has been called the “highest unofficial office in the land.” Over the years, the roles and duties of the American First Lady have remained officially undefined, leaving each lady since Martha Washington to create her own role, often including hostess, campaigner, public face, and most recently, policy advocate.

Laura Bush was one of the most popular First Ladies in American history, and she will be the first to address The Richmond Forum. From her time in the White House to her continuing personal commitment to education, women’s health and human rights, Laura Bush will share her unique and wide-ranging perspective.

Coming to The Richmond Forum January 15, 2011

Laura BushAn Evening with the Former First Lady

For Single Ticket Availability, Call 330-3993.

February 19, 2011Anderson Cooper

March 19, 2011 George Church

April 16, 2011David Blaine

Connecting Richmond to the World.

“ G o l d e n R e f l e c t i o n s ”

carrerasjewelers.com • 121 Libbie Ave • Richmond, Va 23226 • 804.282.7018

In celebration of the Forum’s 25th Anniversary, Carreras will donate a percentage of your purchase from the collection featured to support:

ChildSavers in Richmond, VA

All Items crafted in 18kt gold