presented by: john a. lovberg, ph.d. chief technology officer loea communications corporation...

Presented by:

John A. Lovberg, Ph.D.

Chief Technology Officer

Loea Communications Corporation

Broadband Wireless Communications at E-Band

Broadband Wireless Communications at E-BandCapabilities and Spectrum Management Issues

L1011-V/4-2Loea Communications Corp.

70/80 GHz Wireless Communications Ideal for Medium-haul Broadband

70/80 GHz Wireless Communications Ideal for Medium-haul Broadband

Flexible Interfaces to Gigabit-Ethernet (1.25 Gbps), or to Sonnet optical-carrier

OC-12, OC-24, or OC-48 (622 Mbps, 1.244 Gbps, or 2.488 Gbps) Fiber-optic input/output acts as a “virtual fiber splice” for 1310 nm (OC)

or 852 nm (Gig-E) input/output wavelength

Re-configurable Link hardware can be moved quickly and easily for optimum utility

Reliable Operates through clouds and fog, where FSO technology fails

Rapidly Deployable Set-up times from hours to days depending upon local facilities and terrain, providing fiber-speed digital data transfer with no trenching requiredSingle-hop link distance to 10 miles allows fast, easy connection to remote locations


Available MMW Spectrum for Broadband CommunicationsAvailable MMW Spectrum for Broadband Communications

71-76 GHz71-76 GHz – fixed point-to-point service allocation No FCC service rules currently exist Government co-primary, but minimal use to date

81-86 GHz81-86 GHz – fixed point-to-point service allocation No FCC service rules currently exist Government co-primary, limited current use in military

communications

92-95 GHz92-95 GHz – FCC OET initiative Championed by Dr. Michael Marcus since July 2000, to unleash

considerable commercial utility of MMW spectrum Government co-primary, band currently used for military radar and

communications

FCC NPRM currently being drafted for all three bands


Higher Frequencies, Narrower Beams Alter Band Management Paradigms

Higher Frequencies, Narrower Beams Alter Band Management Paradigms

Below 5 GHz: Below 5 GHz: Omni-directional (broadcast) transmission high

spectral scarcity, resolvable through spectrum parceling only; Gives rise to band auctioning and geographical-area licensing

5 GHz – 40 GHz:5 GHz – 40 GHz: Directional (narrowcast) transmission less spectral

scarcity, resolvable through combined spectrum and spatial parceling; Motivates band segmentation

Above 40 GHz:Above 40 GHz: Pencil-beam transmission no spectral scarcity,

resolvable through spatial parceling alone; Eliminates motivation for band auctioning and geographical-area licensing; Eliminates motivation for band segmentation

Motivation for Band Management is to Allow Equitable Sharing of Airwaves as a Limited Resource As this resource becomes unlimited (e.g. for FSO “pencil beams” at

350 THz), band regulation can be relaxed


Narrow Antenna Beams Above 70 GHz Allow Unlimited Reuse of Spectrum

Narrow Antenna Beams Above 70 GHz Allow Unlimited Reuse of Spectrum

AD

C

B

A

B

C

D

Interference with both ends common (R<50)

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

DRELAY

No interference from crossed “pipes”

No interference with one common terminus

Midpoint relay redirects one link along alternate path


Atmospheric Attenuation Favors 70 GHz in WeatherAtmospheric Attenuation

Favors 70 GHz in Weather

Atmospheric attenuation in dry air (10% RH at 15°C) has local minimum at 94 GHz

In humid air, minimum moves to 71 GHz, better for reliable “medium haul” operation in weather

FREQUENCY, GHz

AT

TE

NU

AT

ION

, d

B/k

m

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

9471

0.01

1.0

100

0.10

10

1.0

RH=0%


1.25 Gbps, 72 GHz Transceiver Power Budget

1.25 Gbps, 72 GHz Transceiver Power Budget

)NF)(S/N(

π4

λ22

2

2

noiserainfogOHatmrt

tr PR

LLLLGGPP

1.25 Gbps, 72 GHz Link Budget:

Pnoise = –82 dBm (receiver noise floor, 1.6 GHz noise bandwidth)

S/N = 13 dB (signal-to-noise ratio for 10-10 BER, using OOK)

NF = 7 dB (receiver noise figure)

Gt = 56 dB (gain of 4-foot dish TX antenna)

Gr = 56 dB (gain of 4-foot dish RX antenna)

2 = –48 dBsqm (72 GHz wavelength)

(4)-2 = –22 dB (constant factors)

Pt = +29 dBm (TX power at proposed maximum EIRP = +55 dBW)

22

20 m dB 133 -rainfogHatm

R

LLLL

72 GHz Transceiver Characteristics:


“Last-mile” Link Availability Dictated by Local Rain Rates“Last-mile” Link Availability Dictated by Local Rain Rates

1.25 Gbps, 72 GHz “Last Mile” Rain Fade Analysis:

R-2 = –64.1 dB m-2 (1.61 km “last mile” range)

Latm = –0.3 dB (atmospheric loss = 0.21 dB/km at 72 GHz),

LH2O = –0.9 dB (water vapor loss = 0.56 dB/km at 72 GHz, for 100% RH, air temp 10C),

Lfog = –5.1 dB (fog loss = 3.2 dB/km at 72 GHz, for 1 gm/m H2O, air at 10C, 50 m vis),

leaving a total rain fade margin of:

Lrain = –62.6 dB (rain loss to 38.9 dB/km; F = 131 mm/hr over entire link path,

> 99.999% availability all US rain zones except extreme Southeast,

> 99.996% in Southeast zone

,m dB 133 22

2 -rainfogOHatm

R

LLLL GHz 72at dB/km, 87.0 78.0FLrain


Loea Link at 99.999% Availability: Range By Rainfall Region


1.5 miles

1.7 miles

1.8 miles

1.4 miles

1.2 miles

1.1 miles

0.9 miles




3.0 miles

3.4 miles

3.7 miles

2.5 miles

2.1 miles

1.7 miles

1.3 miles




6.7 miles

8.1 miles

8.1 miles

5.6 miles

4.5 miles

3.5 miles

2.6 miles


Current 70 / 80 GHz Development and Regulatory Status

Current 70 / 80 GHz Development and Regulatory Status

Technology demonstrated 8-mile link operating at 1.25 Gbps in Maui,

using 5 mW Tx power, BER < 10-12

Loea facility (Kihei) linked to Mt. Haleakala radio tower through permanent cloudbank

FCC petition RM-10288 filed by Loea in September 2001, recommending: Fixed point-to-point licensing based upon

existing part 101 provisions Third-party frequency/path coordination Proscription of auctions and area-licenses

Petition subsequently put out for comment Responses unanimously supportive, from WCA, several WCA-member companies,

telecom hardware companies, telecom service companies, satellite industry

Briefings to NTIA and IRAC have also yielded positive responses

FCC Notice of Proposed Rule-Making (NPRM) now in process

1.25 GbpsFiber DS3

MRTCMRTCC.O.C.O.

8 mile

s

8 mile

s 5.7 miles

5.7 milesRenaissanceRenaissance

1.7 mile

s

1.7 mile

s

Trex Coating Facility

Trex Coating Facility


Petition for New Bands Uses Existing Regulatory Framework

Petition for New Bands Uses Existing Regulatory Framework

New Regulations Based upon Existing Rules for Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave Services, Listed under CFR Section 47, Part 101

Add 71-76 GHz71-76 GHz and 81-86 GHz81-86 GHz Bands, with:

Authorized Bandwidth - Part 101.109(c)Authorized Bandwidth - Part 101.109(c) – Max bandwidth: 5,000 MHzMax bandwidth: 5,000 MHz No segmentation of either frequency band

Transmitter Power, Part 101.113(a)Transmitter Power, Part 101.113(a) – Maximum EIRP: +55 dBWMaximum EIRP: +55 dBW Commensurate with limits on other bands > 19.7 GHz; 800 mW Tx with 4-ft dish

Antenna Gain/Beamwidth, Part 101.115(c)Antenna Gain/Beamwidth, Part 101.115(c) – Min Gain 50 dBi, Max Min Gain 50 dBi, Max HPBW 0.6HPBW 0.6 Gain 12 dB higher than other bands >19.7 GHz, enables spatial-parceling

paradigm

Modulation Spectral Efficiency - Part 101.141Modulation Spectral Efficiency - Part 101.141 – No limits Commensurate with other bands above 19.7 GHz Airwave resources shared on geographical basis, not through spectrum parceling


Managed Path Coordination Monitors Geographical Deployment

Managed Path Coordination Monitors Geographical Deployment

Link registration consolidates records and tracks commercial technology build-out Electronic filing, using simple Internet form and authorizing nominal

(<$500), partially-refundable charge per link, to cover coordination and licensing fees

Form specifies new station’s GPS coordinates, height AGL, and ground elevation; Transmitter frequency, polarization, and power; Antenna gain and EIRP

Coordination procedure includes geographical mapping and charting with government access for coordinated planning Cleared third-party coordinator maintains path database and

geographical path maps (IRAC and NTIA-accessible), automatically updated with electronically-filed proposals, providing automated interference analysis based upon path proximities


Mapping Database ExampleMapping Database Example

Government Service

Commercial Service

(provide data in all fields marked * )

Link Identifier *

Transmitter 1 Center Frequency * Bandwidth * Antenna Gain * EIRP * Polarization * Station Identifier (coordinator use only)(GHz) (MHz) (dBi) (dBW)

71.875 1750 51.0 36.0 Horizontal WC2XPB

Tx 1 Location Ground Elevation * Tower Height *Latitude (N) * Longitude (W) * (ft above sea level) (ft AGL)

40.7480 73.9841 28 1461

Transmitter 2 Center Frequency * Bandwidth * Antenna Gain * EIRP * Polarization * Station Identifier (coordinator use only)(GHz) (MHz) (dBi) (dBW)

73.875 1750 51.0 36.0 Vertical WC2XPC

Tx 2 Location Ground Elevation * Tower Height *Latitude (N) * Longitude (W) * (ft above sea level) (ft AGL)

40.8066 74.0773 22 252

MMW Wireless Point-to-Point Path Coordination and FCC License Application

Empire State Building to Sheraton Meadowlands Conference Center, 6.6 miles

or other Locality Identifier

2 Meadowlands Plaza, East Rutherford, NJ 07073

GPS (NAD83)

GPS (NAD83)

Street Address *or other Locality Identifier

350 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10118

Street Address *


KOKEE RIDGE

Pacific Missile Range Facilityat Barking Sands

MAKAHA RIDGE

KAUAI TECH CENTER, WAIMEA

Phase IPhase II

MMW Link Installations in Progress at Pacific Missile Range Facility

MMW Link Installations in Progress at Pacific Missile Range Facility

Funded Through ONR Contract (7 miles)

Funded Through NAVAIR Contract (12 miles)

FIBER

presented by: john a. lovberg, ph.d. chief technology officer loea communications corporation...

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