Presented by Dr. Helalley Abdel Hady Helalley

Chief of Industrial wastewater, Sludge and Reuse sector.

Alexandria Sanitary Drainage Company.

Alexandria Sanitary Drainage Company

Industrial Wastewater, Sludge and Reuse Sector

Is the optimum use of Alexandria treated effluent

through appropriate technologies and the best

management practices to achieve best outcomes in

terms of environmental basis and public health .

The provision of sewage treatment in Alexandria has resulted

in the production of substantial quantities of effluent and sludge.

In an arid country such as Egypt, these materials should be

regarded as valuable resources for agricultural irrigation and soil

fertilization, particularly as water resources are strictly limited

and there is an urgent need for continued horizontal expansion

of agriculture into the desert areas as the population increases.

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

2006 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032 2037

Year

Wa

st

wa

ter

da

ily

ra

te

Produced

S.T.P capacity

Wastewater production and STP’s capacity (Master plan 2037)

Quala Drain

92,358

East Treatment Plant

607,000

432,236

Sea Locks

82,200

Semouha Drain

19,152

Gonet Zohra

Drain

131,616

Evapotranspiration

169,344

West Treatment

Plant

410,325

El-Mex Pumping

Station

7,993,945

QUALA

915,790

Omoum Drain

4,200,000

Nubaria Canal

2,530,000

Underground water

24,974

Amlak Drain

65,664

Lake

Mayout

The Main drains in Alexandria are:

• El Qalaa which receives the effluent of ETP.

• West Noubaria and El Omoum drain dispose into the Mediterranean through Lake Maryout.

receives pollution

loads from rural areas

Final Disposal points of Alexandria wastewater

Factors that are relevant for the

feasibility of treated wastewater reuse

for forestation will largely depend on:

Type of treatment and of industrial pollutants

The reuse potential obviously will depend on the quality of the

wastewater. This depends on the type of treatment of domestic

wastewater and, especially, on the industrial pollutants and their

removal during the on-site treatment process.

Availability of suitable areas for forestation To find suitable areas for forestation around the New

Industrial Cities in the desert does not seem to be a

problem

Irrigation methods and soil types

The most suitable irrigation method for reuse of treated

wastewater is drip irrigation because irrigation efficiency is high,

labor requirement is low, and contact between farm workers and

effluent is minimal. However, high quality effluent is required to

prevent clogging of the emitters. Sprinkler irrigation is not

suitable because it will expose workers to pollutants and may

result in severe damage to the leaves of the plants and

significant yield loss.

Environmental impacts

As part of the strategy, site-specific feasibility studies should be

carried out to determine the potential and options for reuse of

treated wastewater. As part of these studies an environmental

impact assessment will be made, with special emphasis on the

risks of groundwater pollution.

Third Group Advanced Second Group

Secondary First Group Preliminary

Unit

Degree of

Treatment/Standards

Metal

0.01 0.01 0.06 Part per million Cadmium

5 5 10 Part per million Lead

0.2 0.2 Undetermined Part per million Copper

0.2 0.2 0.5 Part per million Nickel

2 2 Undetermined Part per million Zinc

0.1 Undetermined Undetermined Part per million Arsenic

0.1 Undetermined Undetermined Part per million Chrome

0.2 0.2 Undetermined Part per million Molybolenum (green fodder only)

0.2 0.2 0.2 Part per million Manganese

5 5 Undetermined Part per million Iron

0.05 0.05 Undetermined Part per million Cobalt

Maximum Standards Permitted for Reusing Treated Sanitary Drainage Water & Degree of Treatment contd…..

Dr. Sama MZ

Presented by Dr. H.A.Helaly

Proposed Kind of Soils

Suitable Irrigation Methods

Environmental & Health Precautions

Plants Degree of Treatment

Group

Light texture authorized for use in

desert land 5 km away from dwelling

communities while complying with

periodical assessment of the environment

Furrow

Fencing farms

No direct contact with water and entrance of farm workers

only

Prohibit from entering farms

Take health measures required for the protection from

infection with pathogenic organisms and treatments

Trees for Timber Primary First

Light medium texture Furrow & sprinkling

Cattle not yielding milk, and producing met could be used

Food should be cooked prior to eating

Palm trees, cotton, flax, linen, jute

Fodder crops & dried cereals

Husky fruits & crops

Cooking vegetables

Heat processed fruits

Flower nurseries

Raw edible plants

Husky plants

Secondary Second

All kinds for soil

All methods except

spraying

None All kinds of horticulture crops

Fodder & green grasses Advanced Third

Dr. Sama MZ

Presented by Dr. H.A.Helaly

In Alexandria, effluent from wastewater treatment systems could

be reused for urban landscaping, irrigation of many areas in each

district.

The direct reuse of treated wastewater into irrigation is preferable

in the following cases:

•Irrigation of green areas in resorts and golf playgrounds and similar

conditions.

•Green areas inside residence cordons in new cities.

•Irrigation of green belts all around the cities.

•Plantation of highways.

•Irrigation of desert lands to be reserved for agricultural investment and

specially irrigated with treated wastewater.

•The use of the treated waste water and of the sludge in

Forestation practices

Reuse options of Alexandria WWTPs effluent:

Site 9N forest

Current location of Alexandria effluent reuse from km 26 WTP.

Location of proposed reuse areas of Alexandria effluent reuse

Dr. Sama MZ 1st Conference for Modern Nano-Technology in Water and Waste Water projects (MNTW'2012), Cairo, Egypt. 15 September 2012

Cost Analysis of the proposed options

Proposal for reuse effluent of Hanoville, Amriya and Agamy WWTPs.

Borg Al-Arab WWTP: lie in a desert location and near to the West

Egyptian Desert and therefore, the effluent of the existing and the

new proposed wastewater treatment plants in this zone could be

reused for many purposes such as: irrigation of green belts all

around the zone, plantation of highways and irrigation of desert lands

that can be reserved for agricultural investment and specially

irrigated with treated wastewater,

Effluents form Borg Al –Arab WWTPs

Flow diagram of the Alexandria sludge

treatment system using windrow

composting

moisture adjustment Sludge unloading

Mixing and turning process Effective composting operation

High quality compost

Pathogens

DS/MC

Count/100/ ml

DS/MC/G

Count/100 ml

Fecal Coliform Bacteria -ve -ve

Salmonella <2 <2

Ascaris ova -ve -ve

Table (3): Typical pathogens count after the composting and co-composting. .

Average of heavy metals content

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Zn Cu Ni Cd Pb Cr

(mg

/kg

)

DS/MC DS/MC/G

Figures (6): The heavy metals content in the final composts from composting and co-composting.

2nd International Conference and Exhibition Sustainable Water Supply and Sanitation. 27-29 February 2012