presentation03 - plant and animal tissues
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TissueTissuean integrated group of cells an integrated group of cells
with a common structure with a common structure and functionand function
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Plant tissuesPlant tissues1.1. Meristematic tissueMeristematic tissue: rapid cell : rapid cell
division, lengthening of shoots and division, lengthening of shoots and rootsroots
2.2. Dermal tissueDermal tissue: covering for the : covering for the plant bodyplant body
3.3. Ground tissueGround tissue: support, : support, photosynthesis, and storage photosynthesis, and storage
4.4. Vascular tissueVascular tissue: conduction of : conduction of water, food, and dissolved water, food, and dissolved minerals; strengthens and minerals; strengthens and supports the plantsupports the plant
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Meristematic TissueMeristematic Tissue• cells that cells that do not do not
differentiatedifferentiate• cells cells retain the ability to retain the ability to
dividedivide• Types:Types:
1.1. ApicalApical – – primary growthprimary growth at root and shoot tipsat root and shoot tips
2.2. LateralLateral – – secondary secondary growthgrowth in trees and in trees and shrubs shrubs
3.3. IntercalaryIntercalary – – secondary secondary growthgrowth in monocot in monocot stemsstems
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Apical meristemApical meristem
• In shoot tips and In shoot tips and root tipsroot tips
• Allium cepaAllium cepa root tip root tip
Root cap
Apical meristemApical meristem
Region of cell Region of cell differentiationdifferentiation/maturation/maturation
Region of cell Region of cell elongationelongation
Region of cell Region of cell divisiondivision
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Dermal TissueDermal Tissue• Single layer of cells called Single layer of cells called
the the epidermisepidermis in in herbaceous plantsherbaceous plants– guard cellsguard cells– trichomestrichomes– root hairsroot hairs
• FunctionsFunctions– absorptionabsorption– secretion of cuticlesecretion of cuticle– protectionprotection– control of gas exchangecontrol of gas exchange
Epidermis
Cuticle
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Ground TissueGround TissuePARENCHYMA COLLENCHYMA SCLERENCHYMA
Characteristics • spherical• thin-walled• living, metabolizing tissue
• elongated cells with unevenly thickened cell walls• alive at maturity
• with primary and secondary cell walls• dead at functional maturity
Location • throughout the plant • beneath the epidermis in young stems and in leaf veins
• fibers in wood, bark, leaves, stems• sclereids in fruits and seeds
Functions • photosynthesis and respiration• storage• regeneration
• flexible support system
• structural support
Appearance
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Vascular TissueVascular Tissue
• Xylem– Conducts water and dissolved
minerals from the roots
• Phloem– Conducts dissolved food
materials, carbohydrates, in solution
• Continuous throughout plant
• Support plant body
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All 4 types of tissues are present in the
root tip
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Young dicot stem Young monocot stem
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FOUR TYPES OF ANIMAL FOUR TYPES OF ANIMAL TISSUESTISSUES
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Epithelial TissueEpithelial Tissue(Covering)(Covering)• Tightly-joined closely-packed cells• One side of exposed to air or internal
fluid, other side attached to a basement membrane
• Covers outside of the body and lines internal organs and cavities
• Barrier against mechanical injury, invasive microorganisms, and fluid loss
• Provides surface for absorption, excretion and transport of molecules
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Types of Types of Epithelial Epithelial TissueTissueCell shape
1. Squamous2. Cuboidal3. Columnar
Number of cell layers1. Simple2. Pseudostratified3. Stratified
RELATE STRUCTURE TO FUNCTION!
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Binding and support of other tissues Large amount of extracellular matrix with
fewer cells ECM - network of fibers in liquid, jelly-like or
solid matrix
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Muscle TissueMuscle Tissue(Movement)(Movement)
• Composed of long cells called muscle fibers
• Contraction movement
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Nervous tissueNervous tissue(Control)(Control)
Senses stimuli and transmits nerve impulses
Single cell body with long extensions (axons and dendrites)
Axon
Dendrite
Cell body