Alternatives for ArchitecturingLow Cost Guided Projectiles

Chris E Geswendercegeswender@raytheon.com

Stephen BennettStephen_E_Bennett@raytheon.com

April 23, 2008

Presentation to 43nd Annual

Gun & Missiles Conference

Copyright © 2008 Raytheon Company. All rights reserved.Customer Success Is Our Mission is a trademark of Raytheon Company.

NOTE – All equations, weapon descriptions, and equipment specific materials are from open sources, usually the internet to avoid ITARS or classification issues

4/29/2008 Page 2Approved for Public Release

Existing Projectile Guidance Activities

Present generation build with missile-like Specifications

EXCALIBUR - Production

ERGM - Development

Vulcano - DevelopmentPGK - Development

Krasnopol- Production

LRLAP - Development

Copperhead (OOP)

– In Service

4/29/2008 Page 3Approved for Public Release

Wide Variety of Concepts and Programs

AGS

AC-130

ERGM

EXCALIBUR

P105

Vulcano-N

MRMPGMM

PGK

Davide

ERM

Vulcano

Naval USAFLand Combat

4/29/2008 Page 4Approved for Public Release

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

0.0 30.0 60.0 90.0 120.0 150.0

Time to Go (seconds)

met

ers

deni

ed 100 m/s

200 m/s

300 m/s

400 m/s

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

0 30 60 90 120 150

Time in Inertial

Term

inal

Mis

s

0.5

1

1.25

10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

1,000,000

1 10 100Jammer in watts

Met

ers

deni

ed

TRK+DAJ

ACQ+DAJ

TRK

ACQ

-

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

1 10 100jammer power in watts

met

ers

deni

ed

TRK+DAJ

ACQ+DAJ

TRK

ACQ

How we tradeoff GPS AJ and CEP performance (gliding weapons w IMU)

Traditional Trade Off between GPS and IMU Specifications

Threat

Denial Coast

Miss

NOTE – All equations, weapon descriptions, and equipment specific materials are from open sources, usually the internet to avoid ITARS or classification issues

4/29/2008 Page 5Approved for Public Release

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0

Time to Go (seconds)

met

ers

deni

ed 100 m/s

200 m/s

300 m/s

400 m/s

10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

1,000,000

10,000,000

1 10 100 1000 10000Jammer in watts

Met

ers

deni

ed

TRK+DAJ

ACQ+DAJ

TRK

ACQ

-

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

1 10 100jammer power in watts

met

ers

deni

ed

TRK+DAJ

ACQ+DAJ

TRK

ACQ

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Time Denied

Term

inal

Mis

s

ABCD1D2D3E

How we tradeoff GPS AJ and CEP performance (trajectory correcting weapons)

Trade Off between GPS and Trajectory Correction

Threat

Denial Coast

Miss

NOTE – All equations, weapon descriptions, and equipment specific materials are from open sources, usually the internet to avoid ITARS or classification issues

4/29/2008 Page 6Approved for Public Release

Study used “Functionality Based Costs”

$1

$10

$100

$1,000

$10,000H

OB

DC

I

SP

SP

-dA

J

SP

-AJ

Mag

neto

met

er PS

CA

GP

S

SA

GP

S

I/O IMU I/O

Bra

kes

Col

lar

GIF

Bat

tery

Pop

per

ER

M

x982

Bat

tery

DE

T

Prim

er

Boo

ster

Rad

ome

Col

lar

Hou

sing

GP

S A

nt

DC

I Coi

l

Aft

Pla

te

Mas

on

FWA

She

ll

Shel

l -af

t

Mot

or

HE

Fill

Ban

d

Fin

Ass

embl

y

Technique in NATO Study Groups to Compare Concepts

Technology / Cost – Best Architecture Evolves(use for relative – not absolute costs analysis)

4/29/2008 Page 7Approved for Public Release

1D-PGK 2D-PGK

A B

Relative Concept Architectures and Functionality Derived Costs

AUPC ($K) 2.2 3.4

3D-”ERM” 6D-”Excal” 2D- “HAMR”

D1 D2 E

AUPC ($K) 14.5 31.0 17.3

2D-CCF 2D-GIF

C1 C2

AUPC ($K) 4.6 10.3

PGK (<50 m CEP) Hybrid (<20 m CEP)

Precision (<10 m CEP)

4/29/2008 Page 8Approved for Public Release

HW Functional Differences

Concept A1D PGK

DCIHOBCA GPSPower DesignMOFAFlight ComputerI/O to 1D

Brake Assembly

MagnetometerI/O CCA to 2D

2D CAS

I/O to Act

Collar AssemblyExtra battery

(I/O to TC)

TC AssemblyExtra Battery

Concept B2D PGK

Concept C22D “GIF”

Concept E2D HAMR

Concept C12D “PGK”

Concept D12D “ERM”

I/O to Act

ERM CASExtra Battery

Concept D26D “Excal”

I/O to ActI/O to IMU

CASIMU

Extra Battery

Finned base Finned baseFinned base Finned base

PGK-likeWeapon

Architecture

PrecisionWeapon

Architecture

HybridWeapon

Architecture

4/29/2008 Page 9Approved for Public Release

Con

cept

FUN

CTI

ON

Aim

poin

test

imat

ion

Arm

ing

func

tion

-Bra

ke

Arm

ing

func

tion

-FS&

A

Bal

listic

aid

ing

of G

PS

BIT

DC

I

Fail

Safe

Fuzi

ng

GPS

HO

T ST

AR

T

GPS

Pro

cess

ing

Inte

rfac

e

Jam

min

g D

etec

tion

Latit

ude

/ Alti

tude

com

pens

atio

n

Laun

ch d

etec

tion

Min

i-TM

/HO

B in

terc

hang

e

Ope

ratin

g sy

stem

Opt

imum

bra

king

tim

ing

Pow

er u

p pr

oces

sing

Prec

essi

on D

rag

coun

t

Prov

isio

ns -

Uni

que

proj

ectil

e ch

arac

teris

tics

Rep

rogr

amab

ility

Tele

met

ry O

utpu

t Sub

syst

em

WG

S-84

Ear

th M

odel

Tra

nsfo

rmat

ions

Win

ds A

loft

com

pens

atio

n

Fact

ory

/ Man

ufac

turin

g / T

est F

unct

ions

PIL/

HIL

dat

a en

try

test

por

ts

Spec

ial f

acto

ry te

sts

Tele

met

ry

New

2D

KIT

FU

NC

TIO

NS

Col

lar b

raki

ng c

omm

and

Con

trol

"U

P"

DO

D W

MM

200

5 In

tegr

atio

n

Mag

neto

met

er "

UP"

Mag

neto

met

er c

alib

ratio

n fu

nctio

n

New

Pro

ject

ile v

aria

nts

FUN

CTI

ON

S

CA

S co

mm

ands

Con

trol

sec

tion

BIT

GPS

-AJ

/ or C

oast

Log

ic

Traj

ecto

ry s

hapi

ng

Aut

opilo

t

IMU

Popp

er fi

ring

logi

c

today X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

105 PGKA X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

B X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

PrecisionC1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

C2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

D1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

D2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

E X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

SW Functionality is Remarkably Consistent

InsertionOf new function into SW

Software Infrastructure Needs Support Many Solutions

PGK

Hybrid

Precision

X

4/29/2008 Page 10Approved for Public Release

Concepts vs. Precision 105 Requirements (of 8-2007)

Attribute BPGK

C1PGK

C2GIF

D1ERM

D2982 jr

Angle of Fall 70 degree angle achievable at 2/3 range (spec)

EHAMR

Comments

Precision HAMR depends on achievable popper impulse

Reliability .90

Net Ready All support NET

Lethality New Pre-formed fragment warhead

Range Min 5km, Max 20 km

Compatibility All EPIAFS compatible

Initialization All Support requirements

Fuze Function All Use MOFA fuze well

SAL Compatible All would require different packaging to support

Projectile Weight <54 lbs

Projectile Length <40 inches

Render Safe Unused Poppers may still initiate

Reset

Reset after Ram

Extraction

Query Power up charges caps and fuze can answer queries

20 year Shelf IMU 20 yr uncertain

IM Compliant Poppers on surface and are “projectiles”

Risk of meeting KPPs

Combined assessment of simultaneously meeting CEP / impact angle / packaging / concept risk

Candidate Space Offers Multiple Potential Solutions

4/29/2008 Page 11Approved for Public Release

COST of High AJ Spec

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

$0 $5,000 $10,000 $15,000 $20,000 $25,000 $30,000 $35,000

COST

AJ

Concept Trade Space AJ performance vs System Architecture

System cost delta toprovide system architecture

supporting High A/J specification

A/J levels from open Internet sources(used in place (without correlation) to any knowledge of US capabilities)

4/29/2008 Page 12Approved for Public Release

COST vs Accuracy

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

$0 $5,000 $10,000 $15,000 $20,000 $25,000 $30,000 $35,000

COST

CEP

Concept Trade Space CEP performance vs System Architecture

4/29/2008 Page 13Approved for Public Release

Potential Cost of Specification Compliance

Parieto - Incremental Cost of meeting Specification

$0

$2,000

$4,000

$6,000

$8,000

$10,000

$12,000

$14,000

$16,000

$18,000

$20,000

AJ VERT RNG MPI CEP 20Kg

Some Requirements Drive Majority of Architecture Costs

4/29/2008 Page 14Approved for Public Release

Summary

There are a number of viable guided projectile concepts that can meet both 20km and 10 meters CEP– PGK like– Other trajectory correcting concepts– Gliding / guiding conceptsSpecifications will drive viable concept architecture– GPS A/J performance– Verticality– Maximum Range– Robustness to MET / MPI variationsConcept architecture will drive costA/J level specified is largest potential cost driver– High A/J eliminates most projectile concept architectures– Remaining concepts are EXCALIBUR like in components requiredInterpretation of Vertical requirement next largest cost driver

Customer is in control of the specification and therefore The customer is in control of the potential system AUPC

Customer is in control of the specification and therefore The customer is in control of the potential system AUPC