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Page 1: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,
Page 2: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,

Presentation Overview

- Overview of ILO-Walk Free Foundation Global Estimates of Modern Slavery

- Forced Marriage Detection at Airports- Supply Chain Transparency at Airports- Airlines Successes: Airline Ambassadors International

Page 3: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,

Walk Free Foundation

Founded in 2012 with a mission to end modern slavery in our generation

Photo credit (first slide): Ismail Ferdous

Photo credit: AP Photo/ Dita Alangkara

Page 4: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,

How we work

Page 5: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,
Page 6: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,

Operational definition

1. Exploitation that cannot refuse or leave.

2. Because of force, threat, coercion, abuse of power.

Photo credit: iStock

Page 7: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,

Context: Sustainable Development Goals

SDG 8.7, end modern slavery, forced labor & human trafficking

SDG 16.2, trafficking of children

SDG 17, partnerships & measurement

Page 8: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,
Page 9: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,
Page 10: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,
Page 11: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,

What did we measure?

ModernSlavery

Forced Labour

Forced Marriage

Other (not

covered)

Page 12: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,

What did we measure?

Forced labour

State-imposed

Private-imposed

Forced sexual exploitation

Forced labour exploitation

ILO sources

IOM dataILO & Walk

Free surveys

Page 13: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,

How did we measure?

Page 14: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,

SurveysThis is an old disease in the village that if you are not able to pay off

your debts you will have to work as a bonded laborer in the field of a

powerful person. - 54 year old Female, India

I was locked up and punished, sometimes I spent a whole day

without eating- 54 year old Female, Mauritania

Withheld of my papers and my passport . Then they forced me to sell the drugs to repay debts of my brother who was

in the Italian prison at that time- 27 year old Male, Tunisia

Brought to islands and up to forest to work as lumberjack, but

employer didn’t supply food and pay wage, so I had to escape back.

- 40 year old Male, Vietnam

Page 15: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,

Survey filter questionsHave you or has anyone in your immediate family ever been:

• forced to work by an employer?

• forced to work by an employer to repay a debt with that employer?

• offered one kind of work, but then were forced to do something else and not allowed to leave?

Page 16: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,

Survey filter questionsHave you or has anyone in your immediate family, including children, ever:

• had to work in order to help another family member who was forced to work by an employer?

• been forced to work for an employer so that another person would receive a job, land, money or other resources?

Page 17: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,

Survey questions

• Physical violence• Sexual violence• Threats of violence• Threats against family• Locked in work or living

quarters• Kept drunk/drugged• Punished through

deprivation of food, sleep, etc.

• Punished through fine/financial penalty

• Threats of legal action• Withheld passport or

other documents• Had to repay debt• Withheld wages• Too far from home and

nowhere to go• Other

What stopped you leaving?

Page 18: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,

Limitations• Few surveys in Arab States

• likely to lead to underestimate in this region

• Not possible to survey in conflict zones• Results in an underestimate of modern slavery in

the relevant regions

• Internal migration not captured in surveys• Gaps - children, institutionalised

populations• Child soldiers not covered

18Sp

Page 19: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,
Page 20: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,
Page 21: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,
Page 22: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,
Page 23: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,
Page 24: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,

Massive Under-reporting

Page 25: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,

Addressing labour rights and social protection

Page 26: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,

Migration and Conflict

Page 27: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,

A perfect storm

An estimated 45.8 million people are in some form of slavery

“When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law

is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence, a perfect storm of

lawlessness, slavery, and environmental destruction

can occur—driving the vulnerable into slave-based work that feeds into global

supply chains...” Photo credit: Ismail Ferdous

Page 28: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,

Forced Marriage and Airport Detection

An estimated 45.8 million people are in some form of slavery

Karma Nirvana and multiple non-profits

focus on advising vulnerable people to forced marriage to facilitate detection and help by airport

staff and TSA.

Page 29: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,

Supply Chain Transparency at Airports

An estimated 45.8 million people are in some form of slavery

Supply chain transparency in sub-contractors for airport services: risk management issue.

Ground service workers handling baggage, pushing wheelchairs, cleaning plane

cabins, etc.- Human Resources support

and multilingual hotlines are helpful!

Page 30: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,

Airline Ambassadors and Airline Detection

“Since 1996, Airline Ambassadors

International teams have provided

82 training presentations to 6,000 front line

personnel at airports across the United

States ...”

Page 31: Presentation Overview...people are in some form of slavery “When armed conflict breaks out, the rule of law is one of the first casualties. In the chaos of conflict and violence,

www.Alliance87.org

@Alliance8_7

#Achieve87

Contact informationDavina Durgana

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

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