presentation on reporting

GIROTH, TADENA, MARISTELLA

What is presentation of data? A way of putting results of experiments

into graphs, carts and tables. It is a visual way to look at the acquired data, see what happened and make interpretations

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How to make data presentation efficient and interesting? Most readers and listeners are interested in

your interpretation of the data and not the raw data itself. Stay focused on presentation of concepts and interpretations as opposed to the raw data itself.

Do not overwhelm your poster or slides with excessive text. A simple rule would be to not use more than three major text bullets on a slide. Remember - a picture is worth a thousand words!


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How to make data presentation efficient and interesting? Provide a brief description of your

research framework (e.g. experiment/survey design), followed by data analysis. Use figures and graphs to show results of data analysis, rather than tables with raw numbers.


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How to make data presentation efficient and interesting? Choose the right type of plotting method (e.g.

lines/bars/pie). For example, pie charts are best for displaying percentages of different categories in a dataset whereas line graphs are best when the data on the x-axis represent magnitude of the same entity/variable. When the data points are across different conditions, the points cannot be connected to form lines. In such cases, bar graphs should be used. In all cases, don't forget to label axes!


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How to make data presentation efficient and interesting? Provide your interpretation of the results

and interweave past work based on your literature review. Your ability to carefully interpret the data will determine the quality of your research work. Provide bulleted conclusions.

It is important to close the loop by restating the question(s) answered by your research as well stating those which remain unanswered. You may want to propose follow-up work under the title of "Future Work."


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End of Textile Quota – Is China Going to be the Big Bad Wolf?

A December, 2004 New York Times article presented detailed information about textile quotas

The same information is presented in two different ways: tabular format and pie chart format

Which one is better?

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Textile Quotas Tabular Form


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Textile Quotas Pie Chart Format

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Textile Quotas Pie Chart Format (Cont’d)

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Tabular Format vs. Pie Charts Tabular Format

Tabular format is better if there are many categories Pie charts

Better than tabular format when the number of components is small and the relative sizes of those components are different

Information is lost when there is a collapse of the number of categories

Not useful when there are numerous components and the relative sizes of components are not very different


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Understanding the Audience From which organizational levels do

audience members come? How busy are these individuals likely to

be? How familiar are they with the project? What aspects of the project are they

most likely to be interested in? Do they have the background and

training to easily understand technical complexities and terminology related to the project?


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Graphical Illustrations Pie Charts Line Charts Stratum Charts Bar Charts


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Table 16.1 Market Shares of

Six Toothpaste Brands

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.

Exhibit 16.1 Pie Charts of Market Shares in 1996 and 2005


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Exhibit 16.2 Line Chart of Market Shares from 1996 and 2005

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Exhibit 16.3 Stratum Chart of Market Shares from 1996 to 2005

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Exhibit 16.4 Bar Charts of Market Shares in 1996 and 2005

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Exhibit 16.5 Bar Charts of Market Shares from 1996 to 2005

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Graphical Representation of One-Way and Two-Way Tabulations

Charts can be used to pictorially summarize information contained in one-way and two-way tabulations

Most widely used procedures to analyze survey data in practical research projects


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The Roper Organization A leading marketing research company

conducted a personal-interview survey of American youth


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The Roper Organization – One Way Tabulation of Responses


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G

F

E

D

C

B

A

181676The kidnapping of children and teenagers

2252647The possibility that you may someday fight in a war

3253339The increasing number of divorces among parents

3102065The spread of the disease called AIDS

3122065The possibility of war

3202552The us of drugs by professional athletes

2133847Pollution of our air water

Don’t Know Not Really Concerned

Sort of Concerned

Very Concerned

The Roper Organization –Responses in a Bar Chart Format

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.

NATIONAL COCNERNS

Per

cent

ages

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Not really concerned

Sort of concerned

Very concerned

The Roper Organization – Responses in a Bar Chart Format (Cont’d) The bar chart, where in each bar is a pictorial

summary of one national concern, quickly and efficiently communicates the findings to the reader

Notice that the issues are ordered differently in the bar chart than in the questionnaire

The ordering of the issues on the bar chart (from those of most to least concern) enhances the chart’s effectiveness


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Table 16.2 Two Way Tabulation Age vs. Extent of Consumption

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Exhibit 16.6 Bar Chart of Age Vs. Extent of Consumption

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The Chart clearly shows a strong association between age and extent of consumption

Pie Charts Use to emphasize the relationship of the

parts to the whole Select a single pie or double pie Consider options such as drop shadow

for dimensional effect, pulled-out slices, etc.

Arrange the slices to make your point most effectively

Divide the slice into a series it will improve effectiveness


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Line Graphs and Area Graphs Use to display trends or continuous data Decide whether line graph or area graph

shows Select baseline and scale for maximum

effectiveness Use callouts to identify key points in

graph Divide extensive data into a series of

graphs


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Example: Thesis writing in sciencesWriting the Results: Think of the story you want to tell. Choose and

present only those results that are relevant to your hypothesis

Results are often presented in numerical form and indeed are more reader-friendly if presented graphically in tables and graphs than in written text. The writer must aim for ACCURACY, INCLUSIVENESS, and SYSTEMATICITY, as these results are the primary and permanent source of scientific knowledge.


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What to include? results that answer the research question (most

important) data you can use to outline important trends results that you intend to address in the

discussion section results of statistical analyses, often in conjunction

with measurements analyzed results related to those obtained by other

researchers, especially if they disconfirm other results, or are controversial

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What to avoid failing to integrate the graphic results

into the text interpreting the results rather than just

reporting them. Just present and report the observations and measurements, factually and informatively, without discussion.


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example To characterize the functional architecture and dynamics of local

networks in A1, we performed in vivo two-photon calcium imaging in anesthetized, freely breathing mice (Fig. 1). We loaded cells in the auditory cortex with a mixture of Fluo-4 a.m. and SR101 using the multicell bolus loading technique14. Fluo-4 stained neurons, astrocytes and neuropil in a spherical volume with a diameter of ~250 μm. SR101 selectively stained astrocytes and diffused more readily throughout A1. Loading was optimal ~40 min post injection, at which time hundreds of neurons could be detected at depths of up to 450 μm, corresponding to cortical layers 2/3 (Fig. 1a, Supplementary Movie 1 and Supplementary Fig. 1).


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Example: form of picture


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Another example

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Refer to http://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2088&context=theses

Page 62 to 65. (will be shown in pdf presentation form)


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End: any question?

presentation on reporting

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