Presentation on Over view of Indian

Transmission Grid

TOPICS

» Generation, Transmission and Distribution utilities

» Indian Power Scenario

» Long Range Transmission Plans (Development of National

Grid)

» Load Dispatch Centers

Indian Power Sector – Generation, Transmission and Distribution Utilities

• Electricity is a concurrent subject, i.e Development and Management of this sector by both Central and state Governments

• Central Sector Generating utilities- NTPC, NHPC, NLC, NEEPCO, THDC , NPCIL & NJPC

Transmission Utility – POWERGRID, wheels power of Central generating utilities and inter state Mega IPPS

• State sector • Mostly Vertically integrated. i.e Responsible for Generation, Transmission and

Distribution of power within the state

• Reform process are underway and many SEB’s have been divided into three different corporations viz., GENCO, TRANSCO and DISCO

• There are few private distribution agencies as bulk licensee namely CESC, BSES, Tata Power, AECO etc.

• Three levels for Grid management system adopted, namely, National ( to be evolved) Regional and state-

• Implementation and Operation of National and Regional LD&C and their modernization are the responsibility of the Central Transmission Utility (CTU) I.e POWERGRID

• State LD&C is under the State transmission Utility(STU)

Power Scenario – at a Glance• Indian Power System is being operated as five Electrical regions

– Northern, Southern, Western, Eastern and North=Eastern Region.

• Installed capacity - 1,08,000 MW Coal – 71%

Hydro – 25% Nuclear & others – 4%

• Peak demand

Peak power - 81,555 MW

Energy (average) - 1430 MU/day

• Availability

Peak power - 71,260 MW

Energy (average) - 1325 MU/day

• Shortage Peak power - 10,300 MW (12.6%)

Energy - 107 MU/day (7.5%)

Inter Regional Links - Existing

• All the five regions are inter connected through inter regional links.

• Inter Regional links– ER and SR: 500 MW HVDC back to back at Gazuwaka

– NR and WR : 500 MW HVDC back to back at Vindhyachal

– WR and SR : 1000 MW HVDc back to back at Chandrapur.

– ER and NR : 500 MW HVDC back to back at Sasaram( to be commissioned shortly)

– ER and WR : Rourkela – Raipur 400 kV Ac link ( to be commissioned shortly)

– ER and NER : Malda- Bongaigaon Synchronous link

• Cumulative Inter Regional Power transfer Capacity– 4850 MW

Figs. are in ckt. km

State Central Total (POWERGRID)

HVDC 1,504 1,632 3,136

800 KV 400 550 950

400 kV 13,000 32,500 45,500

220/132 kV 2,06,000 9000 2,15,000

Indian Transmission System – PresentIndian Transmission System – Present

• Incorporated in 1989 and started operation on management basis w.e.f. August, 1991

• Notified as Central Transmission Utility (CTU) in December 1998 to discharge following functions

Undertake Inter-state Transmission of energy Planning and co-ordination Exercise Supervision and Control of Inter-state Transmission

including operation of RLDCs Direction, control & supervision of the functions (construction

maintenance & operation) of Transmission Licensees

POWERGRID - THE TRANSMISSION ORGANIZATION

GROWTH PROFILE

1992-93 2001-02 Growth (%) Physical Physical ((Provisional)• No. of S/s 39 68 74• MVA capacity 13,200 34,288 160• Circuit kms 23,000 45,545 76• Inter-regional 500 4,700 840

transfer capacity(MW)• Export of Surplus 0 8,700 -

Power from ER (MUs)

Financial (Rs crs.)Financial (Rs crs.)• Net profit 236 760 222• Turnover 634 2,860 351

• Operating world’s largest transmission network and maintaining availability of more than 98%.

• About 40% of the total power generated in the country wheeled through its network

• Rated “EXCELLENT” under MOU with MOP since 1993-94 • Only PSU in the power sector to receive “The Prime Minister’s MOU

Award” for four consecutive years i.e., for the years 1997-98 to 2000-01

• Honoured with Prime Minister’s Shramvir Award

PERFORMANCE OF POWERGRID

Demand - Supply Scenario – by 2012

• Projected Peak Demand - 157,000 MW • Capacity addition envisaged –

In 10th Plan - 45,000 MW In 11th Plan - 55,000 MW

(Approx. 10000 MW Capacity Addition per Year)

• Major Resources for Capacity Addition Hydro potential in J&K, HP & NER Coal potential in Bihar, Orissa

• Major Load Center – Bulk power need to be transferred from ER/NER to other

deficit regions

Long Range Transmission Plan

• Uneven disposition of energy resources Major Hydro resources in NER & NR Coal reserves mostly in Bihar/Orissa/West Bengal

Cost of power transmission (1.11 cents/kwh) lower than cost of fuel transportation (3.33 cents/kwh).

• Some Regions are no longer Self-sufficient

Major resources in SR exhausted In NR, mainly hydro resources having long gestation period

• Unbalanced Growth of different Regions

Some regions are surplus and some are deficit.

• Optimisation of generation capacity addition Utilising time diversity Spinning reserve optimisation

Development of National Grid

Major Considerations

• Development in a phased manner – commensurate with generation/ load

growth

• Conservation of Right-of-Way - especially in areas with scarcity of ROW

---- viz. area near hydro, chicken-neck area, forest area, town etc.

• Minimisation of transmission cost - immediate as well as long-term basis.

• Flexible enough to accommodate change in load-generation pattern.

Development of National Grid – Technological options

• 400kV AC– Expertise available.

– Transfer capacity can be increased by –Application of latest technology viz FACTS --- also improves

voltage regulation Increasing maximum conductor temperature from 75°C to 95°C ---

increases thermal capacity by 1.5 times.Application of more number of conductors in a phase.

• 765kV AC – Can carry power of the order of 2500 MW -- 4 to 5 times of 400kV

– Relatively less T&D loss – Effectively less Right-of-Way required.

•Limitations:

–Less world-wide market

–Reactive power management difficult.

Development of National Grid – Technological options

• HVDC – HVDC bipole suitable for point-to-point long distance bulk power

transmission.

– So far HVDC bipole upto 3000 MW has been established.

– Provide better flexibility/ controllability in the system.

Limitations: Economical only for long distance (1000 km or more) No tapping feasible in-between (multi-terminal HVDC is a solution

--- due to high cost, justified only in specific cases)

On techno-economic reasons, Hybrid System (combination of HVDC & 765/400kV AC lines)

has been adopted for development of National Grid.

Plan for National Grid PHASE-I

• Interconnection of Regional Grids through HVDC Back-to-Back links - To take care of widely varied operational parametersUnder OperationNorth – West: 500MW Vindhyachal Back-to-Back West – South: 1000MW Chandrapur Back-to-Back East – South: 500MW Gazuwaka Back-to-Back Under Construction East – North: 500MW Sasaram Back-to-Back

• Link between ER and NR is the last link of phase-I to be completed by Oct., 2002.

• With Completion of Phase-I, Cumulative Inter regional Capacity would be 4850 MW

DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL GRID

NER

ER

NR

WR

SR

EXISTING

500MW

MW1000

MW500

GAZUWAKA

CHANDRAPUR

VINDHYACHAL

SASARAM

UNDERCONST.

EXISTING

400 kV

220 kV

BONGAIGAONBIRPARA

MALDA

KORBA BUDHIPADAR

KOLHAPUR

BELGAUM

U.SILERU

BALIMELA

DEHRISAHUPURI

MALANPUR

AURAIYA

PHASE-I(By 2002)

Plan for National Grid

PHASE-II (By 2007):

• High capacity “Transmission highways” envisaged along with major generation projects Highways already constructed

• Kishenpur - Moga 765 kV 2xS/c in J&K

• Kathalguri – Malda 400kV D/c in NER

• Hybrid HVAC and HVDC interconnection planned

• Implementation already commenced 2000 MW HVDC bipole between Talcher-Kolar bet. ER & SR

400kV AC link between Rourkela and Raipur bet. ER & WR

• High capacity 400 kV link from Tala to Delhi bet. ER & NR

2nd Gazuwaka HVDC back-to-back by 500MW bet ER & SR

• About 5000 ckt. km of 765 kV lines planned alongwith upcoming Mega projects in ER

• With the completion of Phase-II, the inter-regional capacity would be 23,000 MW

North-eastern

Salakati

Bongaigaon

Birpara

Malda

Dehri

Sasaram

Sahupuri

Allahabad

Eastern

Northern

Belgaum

Kolhapur

Budhipadar

Rourkela

Korba

Raipur

Auraiya

Malanpur

Western

Southern

Balimela

Upper Sileru

Chandrapur

Ramagundam

Jeypore

Gazuwaka

Singrauli

Vindhyachal

400kV

220kV

220kV

500MWWV

500MW220kV

1000MWWV

500MW

500MW

220kV

400kV

220kVWV

Existing Link

Talcher

Kolar

2000MW220kV

Legend

HVDC back-to-back link

HVDC bipole

INTER- REGIONAL LINKS

(Existing/New Approved Scheme)

Plan for National Grid

PHASE-III (By 2012) :

Strengthening of inter-regional link to have a ring of

765kV lines inter-connecting Northern, Western and

Eastern Regions

ER inter-connection with SR to be strengthened through

HVDC lines (asynchronous link)

Completion of Phase-III would lead to cumulative

capacity of inter-regional link to 30,000 MW

4850

23000

30000

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

Plan

Cum

ulat

ive

Cap

acity

(MW

)

By 2002 By 2006-07 By 2011- 12

Growth of Cumulative capacity of Inter-regional linksGrowth of Cumulative capacity of Inter-regional links

• For efficient, secured and reliable operation of the grid and inter-regional power exchange, POWERGRID has planned for Unified Load Despatch schemes in all five Regional GridsNorthern Region : In operation

Southern Region : In operation

North-eastern Region: Under implementation - completion by June, 2003

Eastern Region: Under implementation - completion by Sept, 2003

Western Region: NIT to be issued – completion by January, 2005

• Estimated Cost of above projects : US $ 470 million (Rs. 2170 Cr).

• National Load Despatch Schemeinter-connecting all the five ULDCs has also been plannedFeasibility Report is under preparation

Expected completion schedule – by 2007

Estimated Cost : US $ 54 million (Rs. 250Cr)

Unified Load Despatch & Communication

Hierarchical setup of Regional ULDCHierarchical setup of Regional ULDC

REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH

CENTRE

RTU RTU RTU

SUB LDC SUB LDC SUB LDC

SLDC SLDC SLDC

NRLDC WRLDC ERLDC SRLDC NERLDC

STATE LOAD DESPATCH

CENTRE

AREA LOADDESPATCH CENTRE

REMOTE TERMINALUNIT

(AT SUB-STATIONS &GENERATING STNS

NLDCNATIONAL LOAD DESPATCH

CENTRE

SLDCSLDC

SUB LDC SUB LDC

RTURTU

DEVELOPMENT OF SOUTH ASIAN GRID

South Asian Countries – Common Features

• Abundant reserves of Natural resources

• Low per capita electricity consumption

• Deficit of Power & Fast Growth in Demand

• Common frequency of operation

• Similar voltage class

South Asian Countries – Energy Resources

• India – Dominated by Coal

• Bangladesh – Dominated by natural gas

• Bhutan – High dependence on hydro

• Nepal – High dependence on hydro

• Pakistan – Largely petroleum and natural gas

• Sri Lanka – Dependence on petroleum

Exploitation of Resources - Options

• In order to capture benefits of resource sharing as experienced all over the world, Countries in South Asian Region should also move forward and explore feasibility of interconnections with each other.

• Large scale trading of coal and natural gas is limited due to constraints in its handling & transportation

• Hydel energy can be traded thru tr. network only

• Transmission of power is the only feasible solution for bulk exchange of energy

Why South Asian Grid ?

• Optimal Utilization of Natural Resources

• Opportunity of Energy Trading

• Economy of Scale

• Advantage of Peak diversity

• Minimization of Environmental Damages

Feasibility of Interconnection

• India is centrally placed sharing boundaries with

SAARC Countries.

• Vast Interconnected transmission network.

• Development of Strong National Grid on the

Anvil.

Indian Initiative towards South Asian Grid

• Current Status

Limited Energy trade based on bilateral agreements

Power exchanges under governmental control

• Ongoing Power Exchange

India and Nepal

Over 16 links at 132/33/11 kV

About 50 MW of power being exchanged

Net export to Nepal (about 10% of demand of Nepal met

through imports from India)

Supply of free power from Tanakpur (India) to Nepal –

70MU/annum

Indian Initiative towards South Asian Grid

• Ongoing Power Exchange - India and Bhutan Interconnection established with Chukha HEP (4x84 MW) in

Bhutan, built with Indian technical and financial assistance

Chukha-Birpara 220kV 3 ckts.

All surplus power from Chukha HEP (336MW) in Bhutan is exported to India. Presently, this constitutes 75% to 80% (1400 MU/year) of total power generated.

Earning to Bhutan - Rs. 140 crs. Annually

Part of this power re-imported through Bongaigaon-Geylegphug 132kV S/c line to Bhutan to meet radial loads close to Indian border.

India getting cheap hydro power

Kurichu HEP (4x15 MW) of Bhutan already connected to Indian Grid through Kurichu – Geylegphug – Salakati 132 kV line

South Asian Grid

Future Propects

South Asian Grid - India and NepalSouth Asian Grid - India and Nepal

• Nepal expected to be surplus in power by 2002

• 3 nos. 132kV lines under construction between India & Nepal Butwal(Nepal) – Anandnagar(India) Birgunj(Nepal) – Motihari(India) Dalkebar(Nepal) – Sitamarhi(India)

• Large potential projects being considered for development and export of power to India West Seti HEP 750 MW Arun HEP 685 MW Pancheshwar HEP 6,500 MW

• EHV transmission links planned for evacuation of power to India West Seti – Bareilly – Muradnagar 400 kV line Arun HEP – Muzaffarpur 400 kV line 400/765kV lines from Pancheshwar HEP to India

South Asian Grid - India and BhutanSouth Asian Grid - India and Bhutan

• Interconnection being established at 400kV level from Tala in Bhutan to Delhi in India for evacuation of power from Tala HEP(6x170MW)

• More hydro projects to come up in Bhutan Wangchu: 900MW Bunakha : 180MW Sankosh : 4060MW

• Power from these projects also to be imported by India

South Asian Gird - India and BangladeshSouth Asian Gird - India and Bangladesh

• East Zone of Bangladesh(generation dominated) shares border with the Eastern Region of IndiaBangladesh can supply power to Eastern India

• West Zone of Bangladesh(load dominated) shares border with the North-Eastern Region of India India can supply power to Western Bangladesh

• 2 nos. of 220kV links,one at each side, initially envisaged for limited exchange of about 150 MWKrishnanagar(Eastern India)-Ishurdi(Western Bangladesh)Shahjibazar(Eastern Bangladesh)-Kumarghat(N-E India)

South Asian Gird - India and BangladeshSouth Asian Gird - India and Bangladesh

• There are proposals to set up Gas projects by IPPs for selling power to India

• Scheme evolved for importing 1000 - 1500 MW power from Gas projects in Bangladesh

Establishment of a S/s at Krishna Nagar in West Bengal through LILO of Farakka-Jeerat 400 kV D/c line

Gen. station - Ishurdi (Bangladesh) 400 kV 2xD/c Ishurdi - Krishna Nagar (India) 400 kV 3 ckt. Krishna Nagar - Jamshedpur 400 kV D/c Jamshedpur - Rourkela 400 kV D/c

South Asian Grid – India and Pakistan South Asian Grid – India and Pakistan

• Pakistan has surplus power of about 1500-2000 MW

• Discussions were held for exchange of power between India and Pakistan

• To start with, 220kV interconnection was envisaged for transfer of 300MW from Pakistan to India Dinanath – Firozpur 220kV line

• In the long term, HVDC interconnections was envisaged for bulk power exchange (upto 2000MW)

South Asian Grid – India and MyanmarSouth Asian Grid – India and Myanmar

• Govt. of Myanmar had proposed to develop Tamanthi HEP (12x100MW) across the river Chindwin

• About 700 to 800 MW power from this project might be transferred to India

• Myanmar shares boundary with North-Eastern Region of India

• 400kV links proposed for evacuation of power into India

Tamanthi – Badarpur – Misa – Siliguri line

South Asian Grid – India and Sri Lanka South Asian Grid – India and Sri Lanka

• Proposal for interconnection of Sri Lanka with Southern

Regional Grid of India under discussion

• Usage of HVDC bipole or HVDC back-to-back in

conjunction with AC lines suggested

Issue to be addressed• Technical

Planning of Interconnections Firming-up the power availability ie.

o Quantum of power available for exchange

o Periodicity of availability/Allocation of firm power

Identification of Reliability criteria

Detailed system studies need to be conducted by participating countries, with following objectives Establishing the Feasibility of Interconnection Choice of Interconnection / Technology, considering –

o Right Of Way

o Cost

o Equipment Availability

o Reliability

Issue to be addressed

• Operation of Interconnection

Establishment of Operation Code by the participating countries

• Commercial arrangements Pricing of power

Payment Security Mechanism

Terms for Indemnification for disruption of Transmission service

Sharing of International Experience for Bulk Power Exchange

Issue to be addressed

• Legal arrangements

Firming up of procedures for dispute settlement and Arbitration

Applicability of Laws of Respective countries/ International Laws

• Institutional Arrangement

Identification/ Creation of Common Agency to regulate, Administer and Operationalize the Interconnection on long term basis

Establishment of Co-ordination Centres to Govern the Operational matters on Daily and Short Term basis

Issue to be addressed

• Financial arrangements

Following are possibilities of funding arrangement

Multilateral Funding

Private Investment

In either case following aspects are to be considered:Sale/ Purchase of Power on a sustained/ long term

basis

Security of Payment / Signing of Covenant

Immunity to Political Changes and changes in Law

Thank YouThank You

SAARC Grid as Envisaged