Understanding on Myanmar Governance System and Role of Parliamentary on Union Budgeting Process

Wunna Tun

Power separation in Myanmar (2008 constitution)

Judicialpower

Executive power

Legislative Power

State and Divisions

The Structure of Legislature

Name of the Hluttaw

Civilian Military Personnel

total

Pyithu Hluttaw 330 110 440

Amyotha Hluttaw

168 56 224

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

498 166 664

The Structure of Legislature

Name of the Hluttaw

Civilian Military Personnel

total

Pyithu Hluttaw 330 110 440

Amyotha Hluttaw

168 56 224

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

498 166 664

President Electoral Colleage

State Structure

“Pyidaungsu Thamada Myanmar Naing-Ngan Daw”President/Head Of State

JudiciaryThe Supreme Court

Chief Justice

ExecutiveThe President & Vice

Presidents

The Cabinet

The Attorney

General

The Auditor

General

LegislaturePyidaung su hluttaw

Amyotha Hluttaw

Pyithu Hluttaw

Regional Government Structure

CHIEF MINISTER

Judiciary Executive Legislature

Presidential Inaugural Address

Good Governance and Clean Government. Democratic Practices Rule of Law

8 Major Key Promises of the President to alleviate poverty in Myanmar :

1. Development of Agricultural Production

2. Development of Small scale production

3. Domestic production in village level

4. Development of Private Micro-finance Sector

5. Development of Village level Co-operative Org

6. Development of Village level Socio economy

7. Development of Village level energy sector

8. Environmental Protection

Focus more on political reforms: Peace Talk, Bi election, Release of prisoners

Focusing on good governance, Clean government

Institutional reforms

First Stage Reform ( Political Reform))

Second Stage of Economic Reform (Economic and Administrative Reform)

Second Stage • Focusing more on Economic

and Administrative Reforms

Economic • Rule of Law

Reform

• Close cooperation, coordination and collaboration among the ministries, regional and local governments

Third Stage Reform ( Institutional Reform)

• Reshuffling ministers and strengthening institutions

• Replacing Myanmar into International Community

Why National Development Plan and National Budget are important?

Section 102.

• The Bills, which are to be discussed and resolved exclusively at the PyidaungsuHluttaw need to be vetted before being discussed at the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, those Bills shall be vetted jointly by the Pyithu Hluttaw Bill Committee and the Amyotha Hluttaw BillCommittee, and the findings and remarks of the Joint Committee together with the Bill maybe submitted to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session in accord with the prescribed procedures.

National Development Plans ( Approved in the mid of March)

Under National Development Plan, there are four main sectors.

1. Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation Plan

2. Human Resource Development Plan

3. Industrialization Plan

4. Investment Development Plan

PEPOLE CENTERED DEVELOPMENT

(1) Sustaining agriculture development towards

industrialization and all round development

(2) Balanced and proportionate development among

states and regions

(4) Quality and correctness of statistics and statistical

system

(3) Inclusive growth for entire population

Equitable and Fair Distribution Among All StakeholdersEquitable and Fair Distribution Among All Stakeholders

Economic Drivers & Catalyst Projects

Economic Drivers & Catalyst Projects

Growth and Poverty ReductionGrowth and Poverty Reduction

Nation BuildingNation Building

Hard & Soft Infrastructure

Enablers

Hard & Soft Infrastructure

Enablers

Socio- Economic Equity & Buy-in

from Stakeholders

Socio- Economic Equity & Buy-in

from Stakeholders

International Positioning

International Positioning

Institutional Framework &

Regulatory Authority

Institutional Framework &

Regulatory Authority

Vision: Developed Nation Integrated Into Global Community

Vision: Developed Nation Integrated Into Global Community

Strategic Framework for the NCDP Strategic Framework for the NCDP

vision

- to become a modern developed

nation that meets the

aspirations

of its people for a better life.

• National Comprehensive Development Plan 2011-2030 under preparation– New Government, new priorities, major reforms– NCDP must be built from bottom up not just top down– Takes time to get right. Will finalise during 2013

• In the interim, Government needs a roadmap, including to set directions for NCDP

• Framework for Economic and Social Reform (FESR) designed to focus on promoting inclusive growth and poverty reduction by– embedding key reforms– delivering quick wins – setting broad long term strategic directions

Long Term Perspective Plans

( NCDP goals for people-centred development )

1. To improve the living standard of entire population

2. To increase per capita GDP

3. To promote public utilities and social sector development such as

transportation, water and sanitation, electric power, education ,

health and social security etc

4. To create job opportunities

5. To conserve natural resources

6. Achieving MDGs and other human development objectives by 2015 and

Full implementation of economic integration with ASEAN in

accordance with its AEC 2015 schedules.

Key Perspective Plan Goals

Eight priority tasks

(i) development of agricultural production sector;

(ii) development of livestock breeding and fisheries;

(iii) development of rural small-scale productivity;

(iv) development of micro saving and credit associations;

(v) development of rural cooperative tasks;

(vi) development of rural socio-economy;

(vii) development of rural energy; and

(viii) environmental conservation.

Process of National Development Plan

National Development Plan

Regional Development Plan

District Development Plan

Township Development Plan

Village Development Plan

NCDP

4t

h

five year (2027-2031)

3r

d

five year(2022-2026)

2n

d

five year (2017-2021)

First five year ( 2011-2016)

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Short

term

pla

n

Long t

erm

pla

nM

ediu

m te

rm

plan

The Legislative Body

Amyotha Hluttaw Structure (After 2012 by- election)

Party Seat Seat %

USDP 124 55.37

Appointed 56 25

RNDP 7 3.13

NUP 5 2.23

NLD 4 1.78

NDF 4 1.78

CPP 4 1.78

SNDP 4 1.78

ARDP 3 1.34

PSDP 3 1.34

CNP 2 0.89

WDP 1 0.45

Others 7 3.13

Total 224 100%

Pyithu Hluttaw Structure (After 2012 by- election)

Party Seat Seat %

USDP 212 48.18

Appointed 110 25

NLD 37 8.41

SNDP 18 4.09

NUP 12 2.73

RNDP 9 2.05

NDF 6 1.82

ARDP 3 0.68

PNO 3 0.68

CNP 2 0.45

CPP 2 0.45

PSDP 2 0.45

WDP 2 0.45

Others 10 2.28

Vacant 10 2.28

Total 440 100

The Legislative Branch

Pyithu HluttawAmyotha Hluttaw

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

Enacting Bill

Check & balance

Child Protection

Law

Submit to Amyotha HluttawRefuse, Amend, Approve

Amending bills

Union Budget LawNational Planning Law

Taxation Law

Role and functions of parliamentary

Committees in Legislative Process

Functions of a Parliamentary Committee

• General Functions: - Parliamentary Committees can range over all over all the functions that

the legislature itself performs.- Finding out facts of a case or issues, examining witnesses, sifting

evidence and drawing up reasoned conclusions.• Accountability: Providing to increase ability for the parliament to

scrutinize government policy and expenditure.

- Has responsibility to provide oversight of government agencies within specific portfolios. ( To conduct inquires, to compel the attendance of persons and presentation of documents and to make reports and recommendations Parliament.

• Basically , Professor Halligan identified three basic types of committee policy:

Scrutiny Investigation (divide into review and strategy)legislation

Types of Parliamentary Committee

• Standing Committee • Select or Special Committees• Joint Committees ( Conference Committees)

• Subcommittees • Commission

Standing committees

• Initiating new laws at respective hluttaw• Overseeing and check and balance to administrative body• Budget proposing and budget allocation for respective

area.

Select or Special committees

• It is a temporary committee to investigate or study over ah-hoc issues.

• Later, It could become a standing committee depends on cases.

Conference Committees or Joint Committees

• Similar ,but sometimes difference in essence. • Conference Committees - ------ to negotiate legal disputes

and arguments between two houses• Joint Committees ------------- Mainly on Administrative

functions .

Sub-committees

• To be more specify on cases as the function of a committee is too broad.

• Submitting findings and investigations to mother committee.

• Do not legitimate to submit bill directly to Hluttaw• There will not be more than 5 subcommittees for a

standing committee.

Commission

• Functionally, similar to select or special committee but be adjourned once the case has been resolved.

• The main difference between Committees and Commission ………..????????????

Financial Commission

(i) The President Chairperson

(ii) Vice-Presidents Vice-Chairpersons

(iii) The Attorney-General of the Union Member

(iv) The Auditor-General of the Union Member

(v) Chief Ministers of the MemberRegion and States

(vi) The Nay Pyi Taw Council MemberChair Person

(vii)The Minister of Finance Secretaryof the Union

Role of Parliament on Budget

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Budget Allocation

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National Budgeting Process

PresidentVice-PresidentVice President

National Financial Commission

National Budget Bill Regional Budget Bill

Submitting to Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

Scrutinizing by respective joint

committees

Voting to approve or not

Voting at Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

Approving and signing by The PresidentNational Budget Regional Budget

Enact after 14 days Enact after 14 days

CooperationCooperation

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Pre-Budget Statement (���ဖြံင္္ၾက္စံု အ အအအအအအအအအမ်ဳိ8၀�ဒ္မ်ရရအဆ���!ပိုလ)

• အ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အ အအအအအအ အ အအအအအ အအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအ အအစီ���ရ၏မ်ဳိ8၀ဒ္မ်မ်ဳိင္္�$ဘတို�တို�အစီပို�ဆက္စံု� ည္ျပို��မ်ဳိ��က္စံုယ��!ပို အ အ အအအအအအအအန္ ��$သ ရ*T�႕ထင္္�$မ်ဳိ*ၾက္စံုည္ျ�$!ခ်ိင္္�

• အ အအအအအအ အ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအလတ္� တ္သံု��႔တ္င္မ�ည္�႔ဘတ္��တ္� ဆိုျ���ပဳ�လ၏ က်�ရို��လည္�ဖစို�င္သင္မ�င္သည္�။

Executive’s Budget Proposal ( အ အအအအအအအအစီ��ရ၏ဘတို�တို�ဆ���!ပိုလ)

• အအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအ အစီ��ရ၏၀င္္���ဖြံင္္ဘယJ �&ရ* ဖြံ�မ်ဳိလ-ဆ��တိုင္္�$ထ����ဖြံင္္မ်ဳိက္စံု�� အအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအ အ အအအအအအအအအအအ အအဘယ���န္ရမ်ဳိ*သ���မ်ဳိလ-ဆ��တိုက္စံု�� ေ���ပိုပိုရ*�တိုယ�

• အ အအအ အအ အအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအစီ��ရ၏မ်ဳိ8၀ဒ္မ်မ်ဳိက္စံု��လက္စံု���ကြတိုလ�ပို���ဆင္္Lက္စံု(အ!�စီ�ဘယJ &�� ေ���!ပိုင္္�လ-မ်ဳိလ--ဆ��တို ေ���ပိုပိုရ*�သည္ျ�။

Enacted Budget (အတိုည္ျ��!ပိုဘတို�တို�)

• အ အအအ အအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအ အအအအအအအအ အအစီ��ရအကြတိုဖြံ�က္စံု�၀င္္���ဖြံင္္ရ*�ဖြံ�ရန္ည္ျ�လမ်ဳိ�မ်ဳိ၊အ အအ အ အအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအ အ အသ���စီရ�တို( ေင္္�$�အၾကြက္စံုပိုဆပို.န္ဇVည္ျ�လမ်ဳိ�မ်ဳိက္စံု��အတို

အအအအည္ျ��!ပို��ပိုသဥ္�ပိုဒ္မ်

Citizens Budget ( �!ပိုညွိျRG$ ဘတို�တို�)

အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအ အအ အအအစီ��ရ၏မ်ဳိ8၀�ဒ္မ်ရရရညွိျW*န္ �ခ်ိက္စံု(အင္္��!မ်ဳိင္္���အင္္��အ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အ အအအက္စံုင္သင္္�ထည္ျ����င္္.န္ထိန္ဇ�င္သကြတိုက္စံု�၀င္္�����ဖြံင္္ရ* ဖြံ��!ခ်ိင္္�င္္�$ ေ�!ပိုည္ျ�

သ8$ဘ႑ာY ေမ်ဳိYZက္စံု�� ေမ်ဳိညွိျ[-$သ��$ ေသ���Zစြဲျစီ-မ်ဳိည္ျ� ေဆ��သညွိျ[�&& ေအမ်ဳိYZန္YZလည္ျ��P���င္္���အYင္္� ေ��ရZသYZထ�တို���၀!ခ်ိင္္��Z။

In-Year Reports ( လစီဥ္� အစီ�ရင္္L�စီမ်ဳိ)

• အ အအအ အအအအအအဘတို�တို@ �& လ��အပို=လ��ထ�န္ �ညွိျ*���ပိုင္္.န္ထိန္ဇ�င္သကြတိုက္စံု�လစီဥ္�၀င္္���ဖြံင္္ အ အအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအ အ အ အအအအအအအအအ အအအ အ အမ်ဳိ၊အသ���စီရ�တို( ေင္္�$ ေ��ၾကြက္စံုမ်ဳိ�မ်ဳိအလစီဥ္�(သ��$) အခ်ိ�န္ဇCစ္ခုစီL&အကြတိုင္္� ေင္္�ယ*ဥ္���လ$လခ်ိင္္�

Mid-Year Review (�P�*စီ�၀က္စံု� ေ�!ပိုန္ဇJညွိျR���သပို��!ခ်ိင္္�)

• အ အအအအအအအ အ အအ အအအ အအတိုည္ျ��!ပို�!ပို႒န္ �ပိုလ��က္စံု���သဘတို�တို���ၾက္စံုင္္�$ ေ�! အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအ အအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအ အ�စီ���ပိုၚလသစီ�ဖြံပိုရဆ��င္္.�အ�!ပိုင္္�အလ-မ်ဳိက္စံု�� ေ��

အ အအအအအအအအအအအ အ အ အအအအအအ အ အအအအအအအ အအအအအအအကြဆင္္.န္ထိန္ဇ�င္သကြတိုက္စံု�ဘတို�တို�စီ�၏အလယ္တြယC င္္� ေ�!ပိုန္ဇJင္သည္ျ���ကြဆသ���သပို��!ခ်ိင္္�

Year-End Report (�P�*စီLင္သပို�စီ�ရင္္L�စီ)

• အအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအတိုည္ျ��!ပိုဘတို�တို�၏အမ်ဳိ*န္ထိန္ဇCင္သစ္ခုစီ@ယ� သ���စြဲျစီ-စီ�မ်ဳိ�ခ်ိန္ �$စြဲျခ်ိ-မ်ဳိ*မ်ဳိအ ေင္္�ယ*ဥ္���လ$လခ်ိင္္�

Audit Report ( စီရင္္�ခ်ိပို�)

• ကြလတိုJ ပ္စြပို� ဆန္ �စီစီ��!ခ်ိင္္�• အအအအအအအအအ အ အအ အ အအ အအအစီ��ရ�အန္ဇa�င္္�$ ေ�!ပို႒န္ �ထသဥ္�ပိုဒ္မ်င္္�$အည္ျ� ေ��က္စံုက္စံု�

အ အအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအ အအအအအအည္ျ�မ်ဳိ* ရ*�မ်ဳိရ*� ၊ စြဲျခ်ိ-��၀ခ်ိထပိုသဘတို�တို(က္စံု��ဥ္�ပိုဒ္မ်အတို��င္္�သ���စြဲျစီ-�!ခ်ိင္္�ရ*� ၊မ်ဳိရ*�

• အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအ အအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအ အအအအစီ��ရ၏�ရဖြံင္္၊သ���ဖြံင္္ဖြံ�မ်ဳိအတို�တို�က္စံုက္စံု ေင္္�$ခ်ိ��င္္(အင္သင္္C အည္ျ���ဆက္စံု�၍ ေင္္4�ဘ႑ာYကြတိုင္္� ေထည္ျ�$၀င္္��!ခ်ိင္္��Zရ*� ၊မ်ဳိရ*� ေစီ

စီ���ဆZ�!ခ်ိင္္��Z၊

Thank You…