PRESENTATION ON CANCER

By : Sandeep Bansal

INTRODUCTION•Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth.•Cancer is two types:1. Malignant tumour2. benign tumour• Malignat tumour spreads on the

body parts.• Benign tumour do not spreads

on the body part

CAUSES OF CANCER1. Tobacco use is the cause of about

22% of cancer deaths.2. 10% is due to obesity, poor diet,

lack of physical activity and drinking alcohol.

3. The factors include certain infections,exposure to ionising radiations and enviornmental pollutants.

PREVENTION OF CANCER Many cancer can be prevented

by not smoking, maintaing a healthy weight.

Not drinking to much alcohol. Eating plenty of vegetables,fruits

and whole grains. Vaccination against certain

infectious diseases.

Cancer is often treated with some combination of radiation thearphy, surgery, chemotheraphy, and targated theraphy.

Pain and symptoms management are an important part of care.

TYPES OF CANCER the most common types of cancer are:

In males:1. Lung cancer2. Prostate cancer3. Colorectal cancer4. Stomach cancer

In females:1. Breast cancer2. Colorectal cancer3. Lung cancer 4. Cervical cancer

OTHERS TYPES OF CANCERSKIN CANCER other than melanoma included in total new cancers each year it would account for around 40% of cases.

In childrens acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and brain tumours are most common except in africa.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS1. When cancer begins, it produces

no symptoms.2. Signs and symptoms appear as

the mass grows or ulcerates. The findings that result depends on the cancers types and location And few symptoms are specific.

LOCAL SYMPTOMSLocal symptoms may occurs due to the mass of the tumour or its ulceration.

For examples: mass effects from lung cancer can block the bronchus resulting in cough and pneumonia

Easophagul cancer can cause narrowing of the easophagus.

Colorectal cancer may lead to narrowing or blockage in the bowel, Affecting bowel habits.

Ulceration can cause bleeding that if it occurs in the lung will lead to coughing up blood.

Some cancer can cause a buildup of fluid within the chest or abdomen.

SYSTEMIC SYMPTOMSSymptoms oocur due to effects that are not related to direct or metastatic spread.

these may include unintentional weight loss, fever, excessive fatigue and changes to the skin.

Hodgkin diseases leukemias and cancer of the liver or kidney can cause a persistent fever.

TREATMENT BY DRUGSAlkylating agents, anti metabolites, antibiotics, miro tubule inhibitors, steropids harmones and their antagonist, miscellaneous agents etc.

For example: melphalan, methotrexate, bleomycin , vinblastine, etc

CHEMOTHERAPY FOR CANCERChemotherapy is the use of any drug

to treat any diseases. But to most people, the word chemotherpy means drug used for cancer treatment and it is also called CHEMO.

Surgery and radiation theraphy remove, kill, or damage cancer cells in certain area, but chemo can work throughout the whole body.

Chemo can kill cancer cells that have spread to parts of the body far away from the original tumour.

GOALS OF CHEMOTHERAPY TREATMENTThere are three main goals fpr chemotheraphy in cancer treatment:

1. Cure2. Control3. palliation

PLANING OF CHEMOTHERPY TREATMENTChemo may be used to shrink a tumour before surgery or radiation theraphy.

It may be used after surgery or radiation thearphy to help kill any remaining cancer cells.

It may be used with other treatments if cancer comes back.

FACTORS OF DRUG CHOOSING1. The type of cancer.2. The stage of cancer.3. The patients age.4. The patients overall health.5. Other serious health problems

like: ( heart , liver, or kidney diseases).6. Types of cancer treatments givenin the

past.

CHEMOTHERPHY DOSES for some reasons, dosage of some drugs

may also be adjusted for people who:1. Are elderly2. Are obese3. Have poor nutritional status4. Have already taken or currently taking

other medicines.5. Have low blood cells counts6. Have liver or kidney diseases.

CHEMOTHERAPHY SCHEDULEChemotheraphyis commonly given at regilar

intervals called cycles.Each drug is given on a schedule that makes

the most of its anti cancer actions and minimize side effects.

The number of cycles given may be decided before treatment starts, based on the type and stage of cancer.

In some cases the no. is flexible , and will take into account how the treatment affects the cancer and the persons overall health.

CHANGING CHEMOTHERAPHY DOSE AND SCHEDULEIn most cases, the most effective doses

and schedule of drugs to treat specific cancer have been found by testing them in CLINICAL TRIALS.

It is important, when possible to get the full course of chemo, the full dose, and keep the cycle on schedule. This gives a persons the best chance of getting the maximum benefit from treatment.

When serious side effects require adjusting the chemo plan ( dose/ schedule) to allow you time to recover.

Sometimes, you might be given supportive medicines to help your body recover more quickly.

Again, the key is to give enough chemo to kill the cancer cells without causing other serious problems.

thankyou