presentation n pfeffer basis n review and demonstration of pfeffer v. 2.0/pro n examples

PresentationPresentation

PfEFFER BasisPfEFFER Basis Review and Demonstration of Review and Demonstration of

PfEFFER v. 2.0/ProPfEFFER v. 2.0/Pro ExamplesExamples

PfEFFER Version 2/ProPfEFFER Version 2/Pro

Developers: Geoff Bohling, John Doveton, Willard Guy, W. Lynn Watney, and Saibal Bhattacharya

in collaboration with 14 companies, U.S. Department of Energy,

BDM-Oklahoma, Inc., and Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation

Release date of Version 2.0/Pro: February, 1998

Runs under Excel 97, Excel 2000, PfEFFER 2.0 add-ins and examples require 2 MB of disk space.

Programming platformProgramming platform

Add-ins for Excel 97 and Excel 2000Add-ins for Excel 97 and Excel 2000– PfEFFER.xla for PfEFFER 2.0PfEFFER.xla for PfEFFER 2.0– Gridsim.xla, utmexl97.xla, and XsecExc97.xla Gridsim.xla, utmexl97.xla, and XsecExc97.xla

for PfEFFER Profor PfEFFER Pro Developed in Visual Basic for ExcelDeveloped in Visual Basic for Excel Runs under Windows 95, 98, NT, & 2000Runs under Windows 95, 98, NT, & 2000 Utilities are included to convert PfEFFER 1.1 Utilities are included to convert PfEFFER 1.1

(Excel 5.0) files to 2.0/Pro (Excel 97)(Excel 5.0) files to 2.0/Pro (Excel 97)

Goals of PfEFFERGoals of PfEFFER

Characterize subtle reservoir properties important Characterize subtle reservoir properties important to hydrocarbon pore volume and fluid flow;to hydrocarbon pore volume and fluid flow;

Differentiate bypassed, commingled oil and gas Differentiate bypassed, commingled oil and gas reservoirs;reservoirs;

Integrate geological and engineering information;Integrate geological and engineering information; Provide practical, accessible tools for log analysis.Provide practical, accessible tools for log analysis.

ApplicationsApplications

Gauge reservoir productivity;Gauge reservoir productivity; Discern communicating volumes of the Discern communicating volumes of the

reservoir;reservoir; Integrate with geologic models including Integrate with geologic models including

deposition, diagenesis, and structure.deposition, diagenesis, and structure.

Practical, user-friendly log Practical, user-friendly log analysis using PfEFFERanalysis using PfEFFER

Cost-effective, accessible well log analysisCost-effective, accessible well log analysis– spreadsheet basedspreadsheet based– graphically orientedgraphically oriented– interactive, linked: easy “what-if” analysisinteractive, linked: easy “what-if” analysis– open ended with other Windows applicationsopen ended with other Windows applications

Meeting ground for geologists & engineersMeeting ground for geologists & engineers

Old logs can be analyzed with Old logs can be analyzed with PfEFFERPfEFFER

* Minimum log data required by the spreadsheet-based software is a porosity and resistivity log.

* Old logs are well suited to this analysis once they are digitized or simply typed into the spreadsheet.

Modules in PfEFFER 2.0Modules in PfEFFER 2.0

Reading and organizing information from LAS digital Reading and organizing information from LAS digital files files

Hough transform for simultaneous solution of Archie Hough transform for simultaneous solution of Archie equation constants and formation water resistivity equation constants and formation water resistivity

Log (depth) display Log (depth) display Calculation of porosity with option for shale Calculation of porosity with option for shale

correction and secondary porosity correction and secondary porosity "Super Pickett" crossplot annotated with lines of "Super Pickett" crossplot annotated with lines of

water saturation, bulk volume water, and permeability water saturation, bulk volume water, and permeability

Modules in PfEFFER 2.0 (Continued)Modules in PfEFFER 2.0 (Continued)

Shaly sand models for Sw calculation (alternatives to Shaly sand models for Sw calculation (alternatives to Archie equation)Archie equation)

Moveable oil plots and calculations Moveable oil plots and calculations Pay-flag cutoffs (and pay column with incremental Pay-flag cutoffs (and pay column with incremental

hydrocarbon feet)hydrocarbon feet) Lithology solution Lithology solution Capillary-pressure analysis (mapping on Pickett crossplot)Capillary-pressure analysis (mapping on Pickett crossplot) Zonation by depth Zonation by depth Mapping Mapping

Modules in PfEFFER ProModules in PfEFFER Pro

Color-image cross section generation Color-image cross section generation Latitude-longitude to UTM conversion Latitude-longitude to UTM conversion Bridging software to build input file for a Bridging software to build input file for a

reservoir simulator reservoir simulator – tracking grid cells and well locationstracking grid cells and well locations– gridding of reservoir parametersgridding of reservoir parameters– preparing reservoir data to export to simulatorpreparing reservoir data to export to simulator

The Archie EquationThe Archie Equation

SSww = [ (a / = [ (a / mm)*(R)*(Rww / R / Rtt) ]) ](1/n)(1/n)

– SSww:: water saturationwater saturation

– :: porosityporosity

– RRww:: formation water resistivityformation water resistivity

– RRtt:: observed bulk resistivityobserved bulk resistivity

– a:a: a constant (often taken to be 1)a constant (often taken to be 1)– m:m: cementation factor (varies around 2)cementation factor (varies around 2)– n:n: saturation exponent (generally 2)saturation exponent (generally 2)

Importing LAS filesImporting LAS files

Log ASCII StandardLog ASCII Standard– Canadian Well Logging SocietyCanadian Well Logging Society– Easy exchange (floppy disk)Easy exchange (floppy disk)– Read/modify with standard word processorRead/modify with standard word processor

OpenLAS Add-InOpenLAS Add-In– Displays available logs, depth rangeDisplays available logs, depth range– Reads selected information into ExcelReads selected information into Excel– Creates a well workbook with unit worksheetsCreates a well workbook with unit worksheets

» Units are named depth intervals (user-specified)Units are named depth intervals (user-specified)

PfEFFER Worksheet LayoutPfEFFER Worksheet Layout

Home area with computed parametersHome area with computed parameters– Computations (links) keyed on RT, PHI Computations (links) keyed on RT, PHI

(resistivity, porosity) via Archie equation(resistivity, porosity) via Archie equation– ““whole-unit” parameters in column Bwhole-unit” parameters in column B

Attribute columns for auxiliary informationAttribute columns for auxiliary information– used for color-coding points on Pickett Plotused for color-coding points on Pickett Plot– available for log vs. depth plotsavailable for log vs. depth plots

Input logs, additional computations to rightInput logs, additional computations to right

PfEFFER SpreadsheetPfEFFER Spreadsheet

Columns in the home areaColumns in the home area

PARAMETERS (column B)PARAMETERS (column B)– well info, model parameters, summary valueswell info, model parameters, summary values

ZN, DEPTH, THK: ZN, DEPTH, THK: – zone label, depth, thicknesszone label, depth, thickness

RT, PHI:RT, PHI:– Bulk resistivity, porosity (fractional!)Bulk resistivity, porosity (fractional!)– Derived from input logs on rightDerived from input logs on right


RWA, RO, MA:RWA, RO, MA:– Apparent formation water resistivity, water-Apparent formation water resistivity, water-

saturated resistivity, and cementation exponentsaturated resistivity, and cementation exponent SW: Water saturationSW: Water saturation BVW: Bulk volume water (SW*PHI)BVW: Bulk volume water (SW*PHI) VSH: Shale proportionVSH: Shale proportion

– computed from input logs using Vsh buttoncomputed from input logs using Vsh button


Pay: Incremental thickness of oilPay: Incremental thickness of oil– set to zero if PHI, SW, BVW, or VSH outside set to zero if PHI, SW, BVW, or VSH outside

user-specified cut-offsuser-specified cut-offs– THK*PHI*(1-SW) otherwiseTHK*PHI*(1-SW) otherwise

Flow: ZonationFlow: Zonation

The PfEFFER ToolbarThe PfEFFER Toolbar

The PfEFFER Toolbar -The PfEFFER Toolbar -Shale Fraction and PorosityShale Fraction and Porosity

Home area calculationsHome area calculations– Vsh: Computes values in VSH columnVsh: Computes values in VSH column– Phi: Computes values in PHI columnPhi: Computes values in PHI column

» based on neutron, density, sonic porosity or based on neutron, density, sonic porosity or combinationcombination

» option to correct phi for Vshoption to correct phi for Vsh

The PfEFFER Toolbar - The PfEFFER Toolbar - Calculation of PorosityCalculation of Porosity

The PfEFFER Toolbar -The PfEFFER Toolbar - Depth Plots of Logs Depth Plots of Logs

The PfEFFER Toolbar- The PfEFFER Toolbar- Pickett PlotPickett Plot

Pickett Plot generation and annotationPickett Plot generation and annotation Generates Pickett PlotGenerates Pickett Plot

– Adds water saturation contoursAdds water saturation contours

– Adds BVW contoursAdds BVW contours

– Adds permeability contoursAdds permeability contours

– Colors points according to attributeColors points according to attribute

– Adds capillary pressure contoursAdds capillary pressure contours

The Annotated Pickett PlotThe Annotated Pickett Plot

Log-log resistivity-porosity crossplotLog-log resistivity-porosity crossplot– based on transformed Archie equationbased on transformed Archie equation

» log Rlog Rtt = log(a R = log(a Rww) - n log S) - n log Sww- m log - m log

– reveals reveals porosity-water saturation patternsporosity-water saturation patterns

Color-coding of third attributeColor-coding of third attribute– depth, gamma ray, photoelectric factor, . . .depth, gamma ray, photoelectric factor, . . .

Contours of reservoir parametersContours of reservoir parameters– water saturation, bulk volume water, permeability, water saturation, bulk volume water, permeability,

capillary pressurecapillary pressure

Contours on the Pickett Plot Contours on the Pickett Plot

SW, BVW: from Archie equationSW, BVW: from Archie equation Permeability (Wylie and Rose, 1950)Permeability (Wylie and Rose, 1950)

– log log kk = log P + Q log = log P + Q log - R log S - R log Sw iw i

– P, Q, R: Set in Parameters columnP, Q, R: Set in Parameters column– Timur (1968) constants (sandstone) defaultTimur (1968) constants (sandstone) default

– Assumes irreducible saturation (SAssumes irreducible saturation (Sw iw i))

Capillary pressureCapillary pressure– from user-specified pressure-saturation curvesfrom user-specified pressure-saturation curves

““Super Pickett” PlotSuper Pickett” Plot

The PfEFFER ToolbarThe PfEFFER Toolbar

Other plots and analysesOther plots and analyses– Plots of logs vs. depthPlots of logs vs. depth

– Rhomaa-Umma computations, plotRhomaa-Umma computations, plot

– Composition plot (based on RU results)Composition plot (based on RU results)

– Moveable oil computations, plotMoveable oil computations, plot

– Pay-flag cutoffs Pay-flag cutoffs

– Capillary-pressure analysis Capillary-pressure analysis

– Zonation by depth Zonation by depth

The Moveable Oil PlotThe Moveable Oil Plot

SSxoxo = [ (a / = [ (a / mm)*(R)*(Rmfmf / R / Rxoxo) ]) ](1/n)(1/n)

– RRmfmf: Resistivity of mud filtrate: Resistivity of mud filtrate

– RRxoxo: Microresistivity: Microresistivity» presumably bulk resistivity of flushed zonepresumably bulk resistivity of flushed zone

– SSxoxo: Saturation of total moveable fluid: Saturation of total moveable fluid» assumes filtrate has displaced everything moveableassumes filtrate has displaced everything moveable

BVF = SBVF = Sxoxo**– Bulk volume (moveable) fluidBulk volume (moveable) fluid

Volume moveable oil = BVF - BVWVolume moveable oil = BVF - BVW

An Example Moveable Oil PlotAn Example Moveable Oil Plot

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Moveable Oil Plot, WIZ #1 - Morrow

BVW

BVF

PHI

Capillary PressureCapillary Pressure

Capillary Pressure ContoursCapillary Pressure Contours

BVW: empirical expression of BVW: empirical expression of

– pore throat distributionpore throat distribution

– capillary pressurecapillary pressure

– hydrocarbon columnhydrocarbon column Plot Sw vs. phi on Pickett crossplot at constant Cp (height Plot Sw vs. phi on Pickett crossplot at constant Cp (height

above FWL)above FWL) Convergence of Cp contours at higher pressures where Convergence of Cp contours at higher pressures where

BVW changes only graduallyBVW changes only gradually Assume similar pore type for connected pointsAssume similar pore type for connected points

Color Coding of Pay Cut-offsColor Coding of Pay Cut-offs

Zone considered pay ifZone considered pay if– PHI > PHICUTPHI > PHICUT– SW < SWCUTSW < SWCUT– VSH < VSHCUTVSH < VSHCUT– BVW < BVWCUTBVW < BVWCUT

Dynamic coloring of pay zonesDynamic coloring of pay zones– PHI, SW, VSH, BVW values outside cut-PHI, SW, VSH, BVW values outside cut-

offs also flaggedoffs also flagged– Toggle with “Colors” buttonToggle with “Colors” button

Color Coding of Pay Cut-offsColor Coding of Pay Cut-offs

Color Button

Compositional AnalysisCompositional Analysis - -The Rhomaa-Umaa PlotThe Rhomaa-Umaa Plot

Rhomaa: Apparent matrix densityRhomaa: Apparent matrix density– from bulk density and porosityfrom bulk density and porosity

Umaa: Apparent matrix photoelectric Umaa: Apparent matrix photoelectric absorption coefficientabsorption coefficient– from bulk photoelectric factor (PEF), density, from bulk photoelectric factor (PEF), density,

and porosityand porosity Crossplot is good indicator of mineralogyCrossplot is good indicator of mineralogy

– can be annotated with key mineralscan be annotated with key minerals

An Example Rhomaa-Umaa An Example Rhomaa-Umaa PlotPlot

WIZ #1--Morrow

Dolomite

Quartz

Calcite

2.6

2.65

2.7

2.75

2.8

2.85

2.9

2.95

3

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

UMAAR

HO

MA

A

The Composition PlotThe Composition Plot

Derived from Rhomaa-Umaa resultsDerived from Rhomaa-Umaa results Keyed to three end-member minerals on Keyed to three end-member minerals on

Rhomaa-Umaa plotRhomaa-Umaa plot Alternative composition systems possibleAlternative composition systems possible Plot linked to worksheet dataPlot linked to worksheet data

– updates automatically if end-member updates automatically if end-member definitions changeddefinitions changed

An Example Composition PlotAn Example Composition Plot

Composition Plot, WIZ #1 - Morrow

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The PfEFFER Mapping The PfEFFER Mapping ModuleModule

Compiles PARAMETER information from a Compiles PARAMETER information from a number of wells into a mapping workbooknumber of wells into a mapping workbook– linked to underlying well workbookslinked to underlying well workbooks– Unit worksheets from different well workbooks Unit worksheets from different well workbooks

matched by namematched by name Posts well locations with labelsPosts well locations with labels Interpolates parameter values to regular gridInterpolates parameter values to regular grid Creates shaded contour or 3D surface Creates shaded contour or 3D surface

representations of gridsrepresentations of grids

Posting of Well LocationsPosting of Well LocationsPosting for MISS CHAT, Label: Well name

TOTO 3-1 OZMA

TOTO #3-4 OZMA

TOTO 4-5 OZMA

TOTO 5-1 OZMA

TOTO 5-3 OZMA

TOTO 5-4 OZMA

TOTO 5-5 OZMA

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40-45

3-D Maps - 3-D Maps - an Excel Chartan Excel Chart

Shaly Sand Models for Sw Calculation -- Sw model menu permit selection of Archie water saturation model (the default) and two shaly sand models, the Simandoux model and the dual-water model.

Hough Transform -- The Hough transform is used for simultaneous solution of Archie equation constants and formation water resistivity.

Secondary Porosity -- Secondary porosity is calculated as the difference between the total porosity (from density or neutron porosity) minus sonic porosity.

Expanded log analysis in PfEFFER 2.0

Shaly Sandstone ModelShaly Sandstone ModelCLINTON FIELD (OKLAHOMA)

Sw=20%

Sw=40%

Sw=60%

Sw=80%Sw=100%

0.010

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1.000

1 10 100

RESISTIVITY Ohm-m

PO

RO

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Y

RED FORK SANDSTONEDepth: 6620 - 6695X: Y: a: 0.81m: 2n: 2RW: 0.05

34 - 51

51 - 68

68 - 85

85 - 102

102 - 119GR

CLINTON FIELD (OKLAHOMA)Sw=20%

Sw=40%

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34 - 51

51 - 68

68 - 85

85 - 102

102 - 119GR

Sw Model = Archie

Sw Model = Simandoux

Correcting Rt and Phi for Shale EffectsCorrecting Rt and Phi for Shale Effects

Corrected values provide improved Corrected values provide improved correspondence to pore size, geometries, correspondence to pore size, geometries, fluid saturations, capillary pressures, and fluid saturations, capillary pressures, and hydrocarbon columnhydrocarbon column

Evaluate models in combination, and Evaluate models in combination, and determine which is bestdetermine which is best

Hough TransformHough Transform -- -- for solution of Archie for solution of Archie

equation constants and formation water resistivityequation constants and formation water resistivity

Secondary PorositySecondary Porosity

Other New features in PfEFFER 2.0Other New features in PfEFFER 2.0

Zonation by Depth-constrained Cluster Analysis -Depth-constrained multivariate cluster analysis can be

employed to segment the entire spreadsheet into subintervals based on user-specified set of logs. A hierarchical cluster (Ward's method) is used to produce subintervals that are as homogeneous as possible and distinct as possible from each other, in terms of their log characteristics. Option is useful in evaluating flow units and can be used as a blocking function.

Forward Modeling -- Module implements equations developed by Pittman to predict values of rx, capillary pressure,

and hydrocarbon column height for a range of water saturation values based on specific values of permeability and porosity.

Depth-constrained zonationDepth-constrained zonation used here as blocking functionused here as blocking function

Forward ModelingForward Modeling

Then map Cp or height on Super Pickett plot

Forward ModelingForward Modeling

Model to explain observed log response;Model to explain observed log response; Log response is function of rock pore type, Log response is function of rock pore type,

texture, bedding, and hydrocarbon column;texture, bedding, and hydrocarbon column; Pittman (1992): predict radii of pore throats Pittman (1992): predict radii of pore throats

penetrated over range of mercury saturations for penetrated over range of mercury saturations for 202 sandstones;202 sandstones;

Use Cp, phi, Sw and map on Pickett crossplot.Use Cp, phi, Sw and map on Pickett crossplot.

PfEFFER Pro - 3 ModulesPfEFFER Pro - 3 Modules

Coordinate conversionCoordinate conversion Parameters and gridding for simulationParameters and gridding for simulation Color image log cross sectionsColor image log cross sections

PfEFFER ProPfEFFER Pro -- --

Conversion of Latitude and Longitude to UTM coordinates (LatLngtoUTM)

UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) is a common projection used for most geographic information system (GIS) applications, land grids and commercial mapping. The LntLngtoUTM module in PfEFFER Pro converts longitude (x) and latitude (y) data to UTM x-y coordinates, in units of meters. UTM x-y coordinates can then be are mapped using orthogonal axes.

PfEFFER Pro - GridforSimPfEFFER Pro - GridforSim

Generation of reservoir parameters for a fluid flow reservoir simulator (GridforSim)

This module was developed to link the elements of building a petrophysical model and a simulation of the reservoir. Specific goalsinclude:

1. reduce complexity in building an input file for a simulation,

2. facilitate interaction with the simulation such that thepetrophysical model can be easily modified, thus linking engineering and geological disciplines, and

3. permit iteration to lead to a refined petrophysical geologic model and fluid flow simulation.

GridforSim moduleGridforSim module - - generation generation of reservoir simulation parametersof reservoir simulation parameters

GridforSim module --GridforSim module -- includes includes

viewing grids with well locations and generating viewing grids with well locations and generating contour mapscontour maps

Generation of Color Image Cross Generation of Color Image Cross SectionsSections Using PfEFFER Using PfEFFER

Generation of Color Image Cross Generation of Color Image Cross Sections - continuedSections - continued

Generation of Color Image Cross Generation of Color Image Cross SectionsSections Using PfEFFER Using PfEFFER

Example oneExample one: Variations along a 3 mile : Variations along a 3 mile long, NW-SE cross section from Terry long, NW-SE cross section from Terry Field, Finney County, Kansas Field, Finney County, Kansas

Example twoExample two: Variations in a regional (200 : Variations in a regional (200 mile long) NW-SE gamma ray cross section mile long) NW-SE gamma ray cross section of Missourian Pennsylvanian, Ness County of Missourian Pennsylvanian, Ness County to Sumner County, Kansasto Sumner County, Kansas

Source: Digital Petroleum AtlasSource: Digital Petroleum Atlas

TerryField

Index map for cross sections in Terry field

PfEFFER spreadsheet cross section through Terry Field, Finney Co. PfEFFER spreadsheet cross section through Terry Field, Finney Co. NW-SE; Datum: Altamont Limestone; Length: 3 miles (4.8 km)NW-SE; Datum: Altamont Limestone; Length: 3 miles (4.8 km)

Datum: Top Altamont LimestoneDatum: Top Altamont Limestone0 ft.0 ft.

15 ft.15 ft.

Low SwLow Sw

Altamont Limestone, cross section of water saturation, subsea datumAltamont Limestone, cross section of water saturation, subsea datumSection height: approx. 100 feet (30.5 m); 3 miles (4.8 km) long (Terry Field)Section height: approx. 100 feet (30.5 m); 3 miles (4.8 km) long (Terry Field)

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**

Regional NW-SE Cross Section Index -- Regional NW-SE Cross Section Index -- Ness CountyNess Countyto Sumner County, Kansas - oil fields (green), oilto Sumner County, Kansas - oil fields (green), oiland gas fields (blue), gas fields (red); black lines delimitand gas fields (blue), gas fields (red); black lines delimitpossible Pennsylvanian structural blocks linked to basementpossible Pennsylvanian structural blocks linked to basementreactivationreactivation

prepared by Kruger, 1997prepared by Kruger, 1997

NW

SE

AABB

CCDD

EE

FF

GG

Heebner Shale DatumHeebner Shale DatumLength: 200 miles (320 km)Length: 200 miles (320 km)Maximum interval thickness Maximum interval thickness shown: 2200 feetshown: 2200 feetNess to Sumner County, Ness to Sumner County, Kansas (see index map)Kansas (see index map)

NW-SE Gamma RayNW-SE Gamma Ray Cross SectionCross Section

Yellow= LimestoneYellow= LimestoneBlue/Purple=Shale/SandstoneBlue/Purple=Shale/Sandstone

HeebnerHeebner

Top MarmatonTop MarmatonGroupGroup

Newfoundland

PfEFFER DEVELOPMENT 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

Development of idea during DOE grant, 1990 – 1993

Launched PfEFFER development through KTEC & consortium

Release of PfEFFER 1.0, 1995

Phase II funding by DOE and industry consortium

Release of PfEFFER 2.0/Pro, 1997

PfEFFER featured as part of PTTC/DOE Petroleum E&PSoftware Sampler v. 1.0 (CD-ROM), 1998

Non-exclusive license with Technical Toolboxes, Inc. (TTI),

Initiate Phase III development, “Intelligent PfEFFER”, late 1999

Release of PfEFFER 3.0, late 2000

Examples of PfEFFER Analysis in the Hugoton Embayment Area, Kansas

ARCO 3 HELFER

Sw=20%

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WINFIELD(Chase Group)

Depth: 2327 - 2364X: Y: a: 1m: 2n: 2RW: 0.05

2324 - 2332

2332 - 2340

2340 - 2349

2349 - 2357

2357 - 2365DEPTH

Sec. 11-27S-40W

Pf. 2277-2363, 370 MCFG/D

ARCO 3 HELFERSw=20%

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HERINGTON/KRIDER(Chase Group)Depth: 2277 - 2305X: Y: a: 1m: 2n: 2RW: 0.05

2275 - 2281

2281 - 2287

2287 - 2294

2294 - 2300

2300 - 2306DEPTH

Sec. 11-27S-40W

Pf. 2277-2363, 370 MCFG/D

ARCO 2 JUNGFERMANSw=20%

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FORT RILEY(Chase Group)

Depth: 2520 - 2558X: Y: a: 1m: 2n: 2RW: 0.05

2520 - 2528

2528 - 2536

2536 - 2545

2545 - 2553

2553 - 2562DEPTH

Sec. 31-27S-R38W

ARCO 2 JUNGFERMAN

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60 - 75GR

Gamma RayAttribute

CUT-OFFSPHICUT 0.1SWCUT 0.5VSHCUT 0.6BVWCUT 0.06

Production in Council Grove/Panoma Field

ARCO 2 JUNGFERMAN - FORT RILEY

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2520

2525

2530

2535

2540

2545

2550

2555

0 0.03 0.05

De

pth

PAY


2520

2525

2530

2535

2540

2545

2550

2555

0 0.5 1

De

pth

status1 status2status4

Pay from cut-offs and classified pay using KIPLING


Status 1 = pay; 2 = wet; 4 = tight

`100 mi

Porosity-Feet Isopach MapBethany Falls LimestoneKansas City GroupWestern Kansas

Terry Field, Altamont Ls., 4288.5 ft, thin section photomicrograph40x transmitted light; core analysis: 15.2% porosity, 180 md

Terry Field, 3-22 Six M Farms, Altamont Ls., SEM @ 4288.5 ft, moldic and vuggy porosity, core plug: 15.2% porosity, 180 md

Terry Field, 3-22 Six-M Farms, Altamont Ls., 4288.5 ft, small intercrystalline porosity between microspar, small vugs, core plug: 15.2% porosity, 180 md

Victory FieldBethany Falls Limestone

3-D visualization of porosity above 17% using Stratamodel (Tm)

Watney, W.L., French, J.A., and Guy, W.J., 1996, Modeling of Petroleum Reservoirs in Pennsylvanian Strata of the Midcontinent, USA, in, Forester, A., and Merriam, D.F., eds., Spatial Modeling of Geologic Systems, Plenum Press, p. 43-77.

Super Pickett crossplot - pore typing and modeling pay

Omoldic Pay zone with minimum BVW

OXY A-2 HENSELMAN 21090

Sw=20%

Sw=40%

Sw=60%Sw=80%

Sw=100%

BV

W=

0.0

3

BV

W=

0.0

4

BV

W=

0.0

5

BV

W=

0.0

6

0.010

0.100

1.000

10 100

RESISTIVITY Ohm-m

PO

RO

SIT

Y

DEWEY LIMESTONE --Kansas City Group

Depth: 3987 - 4010X: Y: a: 1m: 2n: 2RW: 0.07

3983 - 3988

3988 - 3993

3993 - 3998

3998 - 4003

4003 - 4013DEPTH


Terry Field, Finney Co.

Recompleted to LKC, commingled zones107 B0+1 BW/D

OXY A-2 HENSELMAN 21090 - DEWEY

LIMESTONE

3987

3992

3997

4002

4007

0 0.04 0.08

De

pth

PAY


LIMESTONE

3987

3992

3997

4002

4007

0.0000.1500.300

Dep

th

PHI

BVW


LIMESTONE

3987

3992

3997

4002

4007

0 0.5 1

De

pth

status1status2status4

Status 1 = PayCUT-OFFSPHICUT 0.1SWCUT 0.5VSHCUT 0.3BVWCUT 0.06

HAYS TRUST #1

Sw=20%

Sw=40%

Sw=60%

Sw=80%Sw=100%

BV

W=

0.0

5

BV

W=

0.0

6

BV

W=

0.0

7

BV

W=

0.0

8

BV

W=

0.0

9

0.010

0.100

1.000

1 10 100

RESISTIVITY Ohm-m

PO

RO

SIT

Y

DRUMKansas City GroupDepth: 4884 - 4910X: Y: a: 1m: 2n: 2RW: 0.04

4879 - 4884

4884 - 4890

4890 - 4896

4896 - 4902

4902 - 4913DEPTH


WET

NWNW Sec. 19-34S-31WBluebell Field NW

DST (4876-98): 60’ M, 670’ SMCSW

HAYS TRUST #1 - DRUM-KC

4884

4889

4894

4899

4904

4909

20.00 55.00 90.00

Dep

th

GR


4884

4889

4894

4899

4904

4909

0.0000.1000.200

De

pth

PHI


4884

4889

4894

4899

4904

4909

0 10 20D

ep

th

RT

HAYS TRUST #1 - DRUM-KC, Predict Hist02

4884

4889

4894

4899

4904

4909

0 0.5 1

Dep

th

status1

status2

status4

KIPLING Classification:Status 1 = pay; 2 = wet 3 = tight

Good A-A3 Iola Limestone, Kansas City Group, Sec. 28-34S-31W

Pf: 4839

Ensign Thunderbird #1-31Iatan-Stanton Ls. Victory Field

IatanLimestone: Oil producing zone, in transition, BVW 0.07 to 0.1, Sw> 50%Lithology: Interparticle porosity in bioclastic limestone

Stanton Limestone: Oil producting zone, near Swi,produces little to no waterBVW 0.032-0.042, Sw 11-20%Lithology: Oomoldic porosity in carbonate grainstone

Untested Zone, oomoldic carbonate grainstone, probably 4 genetic unitsTop zone: Sw 13%, BVW 0.035 (possible pay), 2nd zone: Sw 18%, BVW 0.04-0.05 (possible pay)Lower zones: increasing water saturation with steady porosity = oil:water transition zone

HUGOTON 1-33 LONGSec. 30-33S-33W

Victory FieldSw=10%Sw=20%

Sw=40%

Sw=60%

Sw=80%Sw=100%

BV

W=

0.0

3

BV

W=

0.0

4

BV

W=

0.0

5

BV

W=

0.0

6

0.01

0.1

1

1 10 100

RESISTIVITY Ohm-m

PO

RO

SIT

Y

KC SNIABAR LIMESTONEDepth: 4640 - 4682X: Y: a: 1m: 2n: 2RW: 0.04

4636 - 4646

4646 - 4655

4655 - 4664

4664 - 4673

4673 - 4682DEPTH

HUGOTON 1-33 LONG

Sw=20%

Sw=40%

Sw=60%Sw=80%Sw=100%

BV

W=

0.0

4

BV

W=

0.0

5

BV

W=

0.0

6

BV

W=

0.0

7

0.01

0.1

1

1 10 100

RESISTIVITY Ohm-m

PO

RO

SIT

Y

KC SNIABAR LIMESTONEDepth: 4640 - 4682X: Y: a: 1m: 2.5n: 2RW: 0.04

15 - 20

20 - 25

25 - 30

30 - 35

35 - 70GR

Cutoffs for oomoldic limestones: 15% porosity, 25% Sw

Increasedcementationexponent

HUGOTON 1-33 LONG - KC SNIABAR LIMESTONE

4640

4645

4650

4655

4660

4665

4670

4675

4680

00.150.3D

epth

PHI BVW


4640

4645

4650

4655

4660

4665

4670

4675

4680

0.00 0.50 1.00

Dep

th

SW


4640

4645

4650

4655

4660

4665

4670

4675

4680

0.10 10.00

Dep

th

RO RT


4640

4645

4650

4655

4660

4665

4670

4675

4680

10 40 70

Dep

th

GR

-- Stacked oolites separated by tight zones-- interval in transition zone

Carboniferous Coastal onlap curve of Ross and Ross (1987)

Other IVF Systems

Morrow Sandstone

Paleogeography during MorrowanPaleogeography during Morrowan

(after Kristinik and Blakeley, 1990)

Lowstand exposed shelf incisement Highstand inundated shelf

Typical Vertical Profile of Morrowan Typical Vertical Profile of Morrowan Valley-fill DepositsValley-fill Deposits

(after Krystinik and Blakeney, 1990)

Arroyo FieldLower Morrow, Incised Valley FillStanton County, KansasHugoton Embayment

Sante Fe 22-1 - Lower Morrow

5368.5

5388.5

5408.5

5428.5

5448.5

5468.5

5488.5

00.250.5

De

pth

DPHI.V/V NPHI.V/V BVW

Upper “A” zone

Lower “B” zone

Sante Fe 22-1 - Lower Morrow

5368.5

5388.5

5408.5

5428.5

5448.5

5468.5

5488.5

0 100 200

Dep

th

GR .GAPI

Santa Fe 22-1Arroyo Field

Upper “A” Zone

Lower “B” zone

Santa Fe 22-1Arroyo Field

Upper sanstone

Lower sandstone

HUBER 19-4 SMITH

Sw=20%

Sw=40%

Sw=60%

Sw=80%Sw=100%

BV

W=

0.0

7

BV

W=

0.0

8

K=0.1 md

K=1 md

K=10 md

K=100 md

0.010

0.100

1.000

1 10

RESISTIVITY Ohm-m

PO

RO

SIT

Y

MORROWDepth: 5016 - 5058X: Y: a: 1m: 2n: 2RW: 0.04

80 - 89

89 - 97

97 - 106

106 - 115

115 - 133GR


Dry Hole - too shaly

Sec. 19-31S-R40WKinsler Field

Morrow Kinsler Field

HUBER 19-4 SMITH - MORROW

5016

5021

5026

5031

5036

5041

5046

5051

5056

80 105 130

Dep

th

GR


5016

5021

5026

5031

5036

5041

5046

5051

5056

1 10 100

De

pth

SFLU.OHMM

ILM .OHMM

ILD .OHMM


5016

5021

5026

5031

5036

5041

5046

5051

5056

00.150.3

De

pth

NPHI.% DPHI.% BVW

High shale content

MorrowKinsler Field

MorrowKinsler Field

* Perf: 4994-5000’ 138 BOPD, 1.023 MMCFGPD* Alluvial sandstone -- clean, friable, very fined grained BVW 0.021, Sw 9%* Left side of plot is typical for the shale above and below a sandstone reservoir

Mississippian Chester Sandstone Incised Valley Fill

In Haskell CountyKansas

South Eubank Field, Haskell Co.HugotonMLP Koenig # 1-28

Chester Sandstones

upper

lower

MLP KOENIG #1-28 - all

5300

5350

5400

5450

5500

5550

5600

5650

0 100 200

Dep

th

GR .GAPI

MLP KOENIG #1-28 - all

5300

5350

5400

5450

5500

5550

5600

5650

00.20.4

Dep

th

N por D por BVW

MLP KOENIG #1-28 Sw=20%

Sw=40%

Sw=60%

Sw=80%

Sw=100%

BV

W=

0.0

3

BV

W=

0.0

4

BV

W=

0.0

5

BV

W=

0.0

6

K=0.1 md

K=1 md

K=10 md

K=100 md

0.010

0.100

1.000

1 10 100

RESISTIVITY Ohm-m

PO

RO

SIT

Y

Upper Chester SandstoneDepth: 5405 - 5480X: Y: a: 1m: 1.8n: 2RW: 0.05

5389 - 5406

5406 - 5423

5423 - 5440

5440 - 5457

5457 - 5491DEPTH

MLP KOENIG #1-28 - upper sd

5405

5415

5425

5435

5445

5455

5465

5475

0.0000.1000.200

Dep

th

PHI BVW

Upper Chester Sandstone, Koenig #1-28

- decreasing porosity and increasing BVW with depth- smaller pores and transition zone


Sw=40%

Sw=60%

Sw=80%

Sw=100%

BV

W=

0.0

3

BV

W=

0.0

4

BV

W=

0.0

5

BV

W=

0.0

6

K=0.1 md

K=1 md

K=10 md

K=100 md

0.010

0.100

1.000

1 10 100

RESISTIVITY Ohm-m

PO

RO

SIT

Y


0 - 0.014

0.014 - 0.028

0.028 - 0.042

0.042 - 0.056

0.056 - 0.07PAY

Upper Chester Sandstone, Koenig #1-28

- Pay (phi*.05*[1-Sw]), increasing to upper right

MLP KOENIG #1-28South Eubank Field

Haskell Co., KS Sw=20%

Sw=40%

Sw=60%

Sw=80%

Sw=100%

BV

W=

0.0

3

BV

W=

0.0

4

BV

W=

0.0

5

BV

W=

0.0

6

K=0.1 md

K=1 md

K=10 md

K=100 md

0.010

0.100

1.000

1 10 100

RESISTIVITY Ohm-m

PO

RO

SIT

Y

Lower Chester SandstoneDepth: 5515 - 5568X: Y: a: 1m: 1.8n: 2RW: 0.05

5508 - 5520

5520 - 5532

5532 - 5544

5544 - 5556

5556 - 5568DEPTH

MLP KOENIG #1-28 - lower sd

5515

5525

5535

5545

5555

5565

0.0000.1000.200

Dep

th

PHI BVW

Lower Chester Sandstone, Koenig #1-28

- higher BVW than upper sandstone- porosity steady to decreasing and BVW increasing with depth = transition zone


Sw=40%

Sw=60%

Sw=80%

Sw=100%

BV

W=

0.0

3

BV

W=

0.0

4

BV

W=

0.0

5

BV

W=

0.0

6

K=0.1 md

K=1 md

K=10 md

K=100 md

0.010

0.100

1.000

1 10 100

RESISTIVITY Ohm-m

PO

RO

SIT

Y


0 - 0.014

0.014 - 0.028

0.028 - 0.042

0.042 - 0.056

0.056 - 0.07PAY

Pay AttributeUpper Chester Sandstone

MLP KOENIG #1-28South Eubank Field

Haskell Co., KS Sw=20%

Sw=40%

Sw=60%

Sw=80%Sw=100%

K=0.1 md

K=1 md

K=10 md

K=100 md

BV

W=

0.0

3

BV

W=

0.0

4

BV

W=

0.0

5

BV

W=

0.0

6

BV

W=

0.0

8

0.010

0.100

1.000

1 10 100

RESISTIVITY Ohm-m

PO

RO

SIT

Y

Lower Chester SandstoneDepth: 5515 - 5568X: Y: a: 1m: 1.8n: 2RW: 0.05

0 - 0.008

0.008 - 0.017

0.017 - 0.026

0.026 - 0.035

0.035 - 0.04PAY

Chester SandstonesKoenig #1-28

Pay AttributeLower Chester Sandstone

Chester SandstonesKoenig #1-28

Estimated capillary pressurevia Pittman equation for well behaved sandstoneand projected unto Sw-phi space of SuperPickett plot

Doveton (1999)

Schematic Pickett plot of simple reservoir markedby trajectory of crossplotted data points A-J

Doveton (1999)

HUGOTON 1-9 CLAWSON

Sw=10%Sw=20%

Sw=30%Sw=40%Sw=50%Sw=60%Sw=70%Sw=80%Sw=100%

BV

W=

0.0

1

BV

W=

0.0

2

BV

W=

0.0

3

BV

W=

0.0

08

BV

W=

0.0

15

BV

W=

0.0

25

0.001

0.010

0.100

1.000

1 10 100 1000

RESISTIVITY Ohm-m

PO

RO

SIT

Y

CHESTER SANDSTONEDepth: 5388 - 5450X: Y: a: 1m: 1.7n: 2RW: 0.04

5388 - 5401

5401 - 5413

5413 - 5425

5425 - 5437

5437 - 5450DEPTH

PERF5402-06', 5416-20' P 87 BO/D, 227 MCFG/DDST 5391-5434' GTS 24 MIN., REC 215' OGCM, 225' SOGCWCM, 60' SOGCSW

Upper pf.

Lower Pf.


South Eubank Field, Haskell County

HUGOTON 1-9 CLAWSON - CHESTER SANDSTONE

5388

5398

5408

5418

5428

5438

5448

0.000 0.500 1.000

Dep

th

SW


5388

5398

5408

5418

5428

5438

5448

0 0.03 0.05

Dep

th

PAY


5388

5398

5408

5418

5428

5438

5448

0 4 8

Dep

th

GRTH.PPM GRUR.PPM


5388

5398

5408

5418

5428

5438

5448

0 50 100

Dep

th

GR


5388

5398

5408

5418

5428

5438

5448

10 100 1000

Dep

th

RSFE.OHMM RILM.OHMM RILD.OHMM


5388

5398

5408

5418

5428

5438

5448

00.10.2

Dep

th

N POR D PORS POR BVW

pf

HUGOTON 1-9 CLAWSON

Sw=20%

Sw=40%

Sw=60%

Sw=80%

Sw=100%

BV

W=

0.0

1

BV

W=

0.0

2

BV

W=

0.0

3

K=0.1 md

K=1 md

K=10 md

K=100 md

0.010

0.100

1.000

10 100 1000

RESISTIVITY Ohm-m

PO

RO

SIT

Y


12 - 24

24 - 36

36 - 48

48 - 60

60 - 72GR

HUGOTON 1-9 CLAWSON

Sw=20%

Sw=40%

Sw=60%

Sw=80%

Sw=100%

BV

W=

0.0

1

BV

W=

0.0

2

BV

W=

0.0

3

K=0.1 md

K=1 md

K=10 md

K=100 md

0.010

0.100

1.000

10 100 1000

RESISTIVITY Ohm-m

PO

RO

SIT

Y


0 - 0.011

0.011 - 0.022

0.022 - 0.033

0.033 - 0.044

0.044 - 0.055PAY

Gamma Ray

Pay


Hugoton 1-9 Clawson, South Eubank Field, Haskell Co. , Chester Sandstone

McCOY 1-22 SIX M FARMS 20948

Terry Field

BVW=0.01B

VW

=0

.02

BV

W=

.02

5

BVW=.015

Sw=10%

Sw=20%

Sw=40%

Sw=60%

Sw=80%

Sw=100%

0.010

0.100

1.000

10 100

RESISTIVITY Ohm-m

PO

RO

SIT

Y

ST LOUIS LIMESTONEDepth: 4680 - 4698X: Y: a: 1m: 1.8n: 2RW: 0.03

4680 - 4684

4684 - 4688

4688 - 4692

4692 - 4696

4696 - 4700DEPTH

Pfed at 227 BOPD, commingled with Lenepah, Altamont, and Pawnee Ls. (Marmaton)

Mississippian St. Louis Limestone (Oolite)Terry Field, Finney Co., Ks

McCOY 1-22 SIX M FARMS 20948 - ST LOUIS

LIMESTONE

4680

4682

4684

4686

4688

4690

4692

4694

4696

4698

10 25 40

Dep

thGR


LIMESTONE

4680

4682

4684

4686

4688

4690

4692

4694

4696

4698

00.150.3

Dep

th

N POR D PORS POR BVW


LIMESTONE

4680

4682

4684

4686

4688

4690

4692

4694

4696

4698

0.000 0.500 1.000

Dep

th

SW


LIMESTONE

4680

4682

4684

4686

4688

4690

4692

4694

4696

4698

10 100

Dep

th

RT


LIMESTONE

4680

4682

4684

4686

4688

4690

4692

4694

4696

4698

0 0.05 0.09

Dep

th

PAY


Sw=20%

Sw=40%

Sw=60%

Sw=80%

Sw=100%

BV

W=

0.0

2

BV

W=

0.0

3

BVW=.015

0.010

0.100

1.000

10 100

RESISTIVITY Ohm-m

PO

RO

SIT

Y


4669 - 4675

4675 - 4680

4680 - 4686

4686 - 4691

4691 - 4697DEPTH

Mississippian St. Louis Limestone (oolite)Terry Field, Finney County, Kansas

Producing well: points trend from out of tight limestone into pay and back into tight limestone


Sw=20%

Sw=40%

Sw=60%

Sw=80%

Sw=100%

BV

W=

0.0

2

BV

W=

0.0

3

BVW=.015

0.010

0.100

1.000

10 100

RESISTIVITY Ohm-m

PO

RO

SIT

Y


0 - 0.014

0.014 - 0.028

0.028 - 0.042

0.042 - 0.056

0.056 - 0.07PAY


Mississippian St. Louis Limestone (oolite)Terry Field, Finney County, Kansas

OXY A-2 HENSELMAN 21090 - ST LOUIS

LIMESTONE

4670

4675

4680

4685

4690

4695

00.10.2

Dep

thN POR D POR

S POR BVW

OXY A-2 HENSELMAN 21090 - ST LOUIS

LIMESTONE

4670

4675

4680

4685

4690

4695

10 100

Dep

th

RIL1.OHMM RILM.OHMM

RILD.OHMM

St. Louis LimestoneKinsler East Field

Morton Co., KS, Sec. 31-31S-39W

AMOCO 1 DERMOT SCHOOLSw=20%

Sw=40%

Sw=60%

Sw=80%Sw=100%

BV

W=

0.0

5

BV

W=

0.0

6

BV

W=

0.0

7

BV

W=

0.0

8

BV

W=

0.0

9

BV

W=

0.1

0.010

0.100

1.000

1 10 100

RESISTIVITY Ohm-m

PO

RO

SIT

Y

MISS ST LOUISDepth: 6076 - 6090X: Y: a: 1m: 2n: 2RW: 0.07

6076 - 6079

6079 - 6082

6082 - 6085

6085 - 6088

6088 - 6091DEPTH


D&A

Mississippian Chat Mississippian Chat Autoclastic chert with clayAutoclastic chert with clay

General Atlantic, Tjaden 1A1 WIW #1, 4337 ft, autoclastic General Atlantic, Tjaden 1A1 WIW #1, 4337 ft, autoclastic chert breccia with clay infiltration below arrow. chert breccia with clay infiltration below arrow. Interpenetrating clasts of brown porous chat. Thin section Interpenetrating clasts of brown porous chat. Thin section photomicrograph from 4398 ft. contains autoclasts lined by photomicrograph from 4398 ft. contains autoclasts lined by clay and brown microcrystalline calcite. Abundant clay and brown microcrystalline calcite. Abundant microporosity, molds, and vugs in spiculitic microcrystalline microporosity, molds, and vugs in spiculitic microcrystalline chert (chat). Scale bar is 0.1 mm. Plane polarized light and chert (chat). Scale bar is 0.1 mm. Plane polarized light and blue epoxy impregnationblue epoxy impregnation

Tjaden W1W

BV

W=

0.0

6

BV

W=

0.0

8

BV

W=

0.1

BV

W=

.12

BV

W=

.14

BV

W=

.16

BV

W=

.18

BV

W=

.2

Sw=20%Sw=40%Sw=60%

Sw=80%

Sw=100%

0.010

0.100

1.000

0.1 1 10 100

RESISTIVITY Ohm-m

PO

RO

SIT

Y

Mississippian Chat

Depth: 4302 - 4469X: Y: a: 1m: 1.8n: 2RW: 0.055

4292 - 4329

4329 - 4366

4366 - 44034403 - 4440

4440 - 4477DEPTH

Pay

Tjaden A WIW #1Miss Chat

4302

4352

4402

4452

4502

0 10 20 30 40 50

Dep

th

GR .API

Tjaden A WIW #1Miss Chat

4302

4322

4342

4362

4382

4402

4422

4442

4462

0.1 1 10 100 1000

Dep

th

RT

RILM.OHMM

RFOC.OHMM

4302

4322

4342

4362

4382

4402

4422

4442

4462

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Dep

th

RWA

W1W - Miss

4302

4322

4342

4362

4382

4402

4422

4442

4462

00.250.5

Dep

th

nfrac

dfrac

BVW

BVWblock

WIW #1 - Miss Chat

4302

4322

4342

4362

4382

4402

4422

4442

4462

0 0.04 0.08

De

pth

PAY

4302

4322

4342

4362

4382

4402

4422

4442

4462

0 0.5 1

Dep

th

status1


KIPLINGClassification:Status 1 = Pay

Pay from PfEFFER Analysis

0.4 0.0

General Atlantic Tjaden A-1 WIW

Conglomerate

Spivey-Grabs Field7768 BCFG, 2 MM BO

PfEFFER Super-Pickett PlotPfEFFER Super-Pickett Plot

Sw=10%Sw=20%Sw=30%Sw=40%Sw=50%Sw=60%Sw=70%

Sw=80%Sw=90%

Sw=100% BVW=0.07

BV

W=

0.0

8

BV

W=

0.1

BV

W=

0.1

5

BV

W=

0.2

BV

W=

0.2

5

BV

W=

0.3

BV

W=

0.1

2

0.01

0.1

1

0.1 1 10

Resistivity (Rt, Ohm-m)

Po

ros

ity

(fr

ac

tio

n)

Archie Parametersa: 1m: 1.7n: 2RW: 0.055

4304 - 43224322 - 43404340 - 43584358 - 43764376 - 4493

DEPTHSPIVEY-GRABS FIELDGeneral Atlantic Tjaden #1-A WIW

Cycle D

Cycle C

Cycle B

GENERAL-ATLANTIC 1-A TJADEN WIW -

MISSISSIPPIAN CHAT

4304

4314

4324

4334

4344

4354

4364

4374

4384

00.250.5

Dep

th

N POR D PORBVW

GENERAL-ATLANTIC 1-A TJADEN WIW -

MISSISSIPPIAN CHAT

4304

4314

4324

4334

4344

4354

4364

4374

4384

0 200 400

De

pth

GR

Spivey-Grabs Field and LineamentsSpivey-Grabs Field and Lineaments

Datum: Top of Mississippian

Mississippian Chert Thickness

Spivey-Grabs Field

C.I. = 60'

modified from, Robert W. Frensley and J. C. Darmstetter, (1965)

Spivey-Grabs Field

C.I. = 50'

modified from, Robert W. Frensley and J. C. Darmstetter, (1965)

N

60 -120> 120

0

> 0 - 60

lineamentspre-Warsaw channels McCoy (1978)

R 7 WR 8 WR 9 W

T 29 S

T 31 S

T 30 S

T 32 S

R 7 WR 8 WR 9 W

T 29 S

T 31 S

T 30 S

T 32 S

N

2625 - 2675 2675 - 2825

2575 > 2575 - 2625

> 2825

lineamentspre-Warsaw channels McCoy (1978)

2600

2600

2850

2850

2700

2700

2800

2850

2750

2750

0 0

0

0

60

60

60

60

60

60

60 60

60 60 60

60

120

120

120120

120

120

120

120 120

2600

Spivey-Grabs Field and Lineaments

* pods of more productive, better developed chat *

Glick FieldExcellent Mississippian Chat Reservoir

SHELL 1-32 ROBBINS (GLICK) -

MISSISSIPPIAN CHAT

4787

4797

4807

4817

4827

4837

4847

4857

4867

00.20.4

Dep

th

PHIBVW

SHELL 1-32 ROBBINS (GLICK) -

MISSISSIPPIAN CHAT

4787

4797

4807

4817

4827

4837

4847

4857

4867

0 3 6

Dep

th

GR

Chat

SHELL 1-32 ROBBINS (GLICK)Sw=10%Sw=20%Sw=30%Sw=40%Sw=50%Sw=60%Sw=70%

Sw=80%Sw=100%

BVW=

0.04

BVW=

0.05

BVW=

0.06

BVW=

0.07

BVW=

0.08BV

W=0.1

BVW=

0.12BV

W=0.1

5BV

W=0.2

0.01

0.1

1

0.1 1 10 100RESISTIVITY Ohm-m

MISSISSIPPIAN CHAT Depth: 4787 - 4871X: Y: a: 1m: 2n: 2RW: 0.035

PERF 4789-95', 4808-16', 4836-53', 4853-54'

GAUGED 9.2 MMCFG/5 HRS4770 - 47884788 - 48064806 - 48244824 - 48424842 - 4878DEPTH

30s-15W

Glick Field: 432 BCFG 487 MMBO

ChatPay

Basal Pennsylvanian

OXY USA 1-B SOOTERSw=10%

Sw=20%Sw=30%Sw=40%Sw=50%Sw=60%Sw=70%Sw=80%Sw=100%

BVW=

0.05

BVW=

0.06

BVW=

0.07

BVW=

0.08

BVW=

0.1

0.010

0.100

1.000

1 10 100RESISTIVITY Ohm-m

MISSISSIPPIAN "CHAT"Depth: 4702 - 4821X: Y: a: 1m: 2n: 2RW: 0.032

PERF 4726-4862' G 105 MCFG/D4702 - 47264726 - 47504750 - 47744774 - 47984798 - 4821DEPTH

Cowley Formation, Aetna Gas Area

OXY USA 1-B SOOTER - MISSISSIPPIAN A

4702

4712

4722

4732

4742

4752

4762

4772

0.0000.1000.200

De

pth

PHI BVW

OXY USA 1-B SOOTER - MISSISSIPPIAN A

4702

4712

4722

4732

4742

4752

4762

4772

0 50 100

De

pth

GR

Sec. 1-34S-14W, Barber & Commanche Counties, KS

Aetna Gas Area:220 BCFG + 560 M BO

Produced via fracture stimulation inCowley Formation, not “chat” facies, but unaltered parent rock in southern-most KansasShaly cherty carbonate with intervals ofcleaner (more brittle chert)

Paleogeographic map during OsagePaleogeographic map during Osage

(after Lane, H.R., and De Keyser, T.L., 1980 )

Stratigraphic section Stratigraphic section of upper Devonian, of upper Devonian, Mississippian, and Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian Pennsylvanian SystemsSystems Cowley Formation Cowley Formation

accumulated on shelf accumulated on shelf margin as an interval margin as an interval equivalent to equivalent to succession of succession of formations deposited formations deposited on the shelf in Osage on the shelf in Osage and Meramec Seriesand Meramec Series

Box Ranch FieldViola Limestone

Viola Limestone

ROBERTS etal 2 KUHNS

Sec. 34-R34s-R20wSw=10%Sw=20%

Sw=40%

Sw=60%

Sw=80%Sw=100%

Sw=3%

BV

W=

0.0

1

BV

W=

0.0

2

BV

W=

0.0

3BV

W=

0.0

4

BV

W=

.00

5

0.010

0.100

1.000

1 10 100 1000 10000

RESISTIVITY Ohm-m

PO

RO

SIT

Y

L. VIOLA DOLOMITEDepth: 6140 - 6172X: Y: a: 1m: 2n: 2RW: 0.04

6139 - 6146

6146 - 6153

6153 - 6160

6160 - 6167

6167 - 6174DEPTH

Perf 6153-63’ 10 BODP, 1.0 MMCFG/D NW (5/19/1991)

Viola Limestone

ROBERTS etal 2 KUHNS - L. VIOLA DOLOMITE

6140

6145

6150

6155

6160

6165

6170

10 20 30

Dep

th

GR


6140

6145

6150

6155

6160

6165

6170

00.20.4

Dep

th

N POR

D POR

BVW


6140

6145

6150

6155

6160

6165

6170

1 100 10000

Dep

th

RT


6140

6145

6150

6155

6160

6165

6170

0 0.05 0.10

Dep

th

PAY

Summary

•Resistivity-Porosity Cross Plot (Pickett)•Determination of Water Saturation (Sw)•Determination of Bulk Volume Water (BVW)•Cross Plot Pattern

•Cores and samples Are Necessary to Define Pore Type/Petrofacies•Cross Plot Patterns

•Vertical--Near or at Irreducible Water Saturation (BVW and/or Resistivity Constant)•Horizontal-- Reservoir in Transition (Porosity Constant)•Parallel to Sw Lines—Indication of Changes in Pore Geometry (Decreased Resistivity and Increased Porosity Indicates a Higher BVW and Smaller Pores with Greater Surface Area; Increased Resistivity and Decreased Porosity Indicates a Lesser BVW and Lower Surface Area•Concentration of Data Points— At or Near Irreducible Water Saturation

presentation n pfeffer basis n review and demonstration of pfeffer v. 2.0/pro n examples

Documents

excel n

reservoir n

n reading

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pfeffer n costeffective

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pro n examples

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