presentation bio - copy

8/8/2019 Presentation Bio - Copy

1/42


2/42


3/42


4/42


5/42


6/42

Equipment and MaterialsTOOLS:

5 plastic cups

ToothpickLabelYarn

Measuring cupRuler5 CartonsSpoon

MATERIALS:

SoilWater25 green beans


7/42

1. Enter the soil into each plastic cup . 2. Plant bean five seeds into each plastic cup . Previously, plastic glasseshas been drilled sufficiently, by the same amount of each glass . 3. Make a hole in each box with a different diameter, but the boxes werenot given the first hole . 4. Attach a label on a toothpick and write numbers 1- 5 to mark the sproutsin each glass . 5. Mark seed germination by putting a toothpick that has been labeled asnear to the seed is planted . 6. Give 20cc of water into each glass . 7. Insert the glass into the fifth five boxes, and put five boxes are tied nearthe window .

8.

Give a glass of water every day at the same size for six days.

Measureand observe the growth of seedlings (high speed / length of stem) . 9. Serve data in a table . 1 0 . Analysis of the results table .


8/42

Green BeanGreen bean plant is one plant that the short -lived one season (60days) . Green bean plants are classified as follows:Division : SpermathophytaSubdivisions : AngiospermaeClass : DicotyledoneaeOrder : RosalesFamily : PapilionaceaeGenus : VignaSpecies : Phaseolus radiatus and Vigna radiatusGreen Bean plant trunked upright with a height varies between 30 -

11 0 cm depending on the variety . Green bean can be planted in thelowlands to a height of 500m above sea level . This plant grows wellin dry season and can grow in low rainfall areas in all kinds of gooddrains soil type . However, best growth at the base of clay until thesoil has high organic matter .


9/42

Growth in pldantsGrowth is a process of accretion the size of a cellor organism . This growth is quantitativelymeasured . Either growth or development isirreversible or could not return again . In general,growth or development on the plant begins tozygote stage which is the result of meristem celldivision would continue to divide and ifferentiate .

Differentiation is the growth that occurred andthe state of some cells to form organs that have adifferent structure and function .


10/42

Primary Growth

Secondary Growth


11/42

Primary Growth

Germination starts with inhibitions events (movement of water across themembrane from the outside environment for seed germination) .

Seed parts that contribute to the growth of embryonic primary:a) The embryonic Tunas (plumula), candidate for the stem and leaves(buds)b) the embryonic root (radicle), root candidatesc) Foil seed (cotyledon), contains a food reserve for the embryo

(endosperm)On grass there to protect koleoriza radicle and coleoptile to protectplumulaDivided into two types based on the location of germination cotyledons:a) Hipogeal = cotyledons remain below groundb) Epigeal = cotyledons upward soil surface


12/42

2) at the apicala) The root tip- Tudung roots (kaliptra), the region most tip of the roots thatsecrete fluid to fertilize soil so roots can penetrate the soil . - Region of cell division (meristem region), there is behind the roottip meristem formation of the central primary marked by activecells divide rapidly . - Regional elongation of cells that hold reserves of food and extend

the root, the cells longer than the meristem cells, begin toexperience the differentiation of cell structure . - Regional differentiation of cells (primary network), structures andareas of different shapes to form specialized structures andfunctions of cells, there are root hairs that serve to absorb theminerals from the soil, these cells differentiated into:

Protoderm> outer layer of the meristem> epidermal Meristem big> ground tissue of plants peripheral procambium> central cylinder (stelae)


13/42

b) The end of the stem- Meristem embryonal, when plantsexperienced germination . - Meristem kambium, when plants weregrowing and has developed perfect .


14/42

Generally only occurs in Gymnosperm (Gymnospermae) and two pieces(dicots) . Caused by kambium activity . 1 ) Kambium intravascular toward splitting in forming xylem and phloemtoward the outside shape . 2) parenchymal stem or root contained between vasis (vascular) changesto kambium intervaskuler . 3) Kambium cork (felogen) splitting in forming feloderm direction andoutwards to form felem . Secondary growth in dicots did not take place regularly throughout theyear . In the rainy season and nutrient substances is quite rapid growth,whereas during the dry season has been slow . This raises the circles on the

trunk, called the circle years. Kambium activity of xylem and phloem are formed faster than making

cause bark (cortex and epidermis) broke out, to overcome kambium cork(felogen) formed feloderm felem inwards and outwards . Feloderm a livingcell, whereas cells felem is dead .


15/42

2 . Factors Affecting the Growth andDevelopment

Internal factors1 ) Intracelluler = hereditary factors (genetic)2) Intersel = hormone


16/42

First discovered by August Ferdinand Fridrich Went(1 863 -1 935) Dutch botanist in 1 928 throughexperiments on the effect of light on growth of wheat(Avena sativa) . In these experiments showed that shootgrowth of the stem toward the light caused by theinfluence of auxin found in the coleoptile tip . The hormone auxin was first isolated which is IAA(indole acetic acid), IAA is produced by the organ that

is the end point of growing shoots, young leaves,flowers, fruit, kambium cells, and the root tip .


17/42

- Influencing the added length of the shaft,- Growth,- Differentiation and branching roots;- Development of fruit;- Apical dominance;- Fototropisme and geotropisme .

Some synthetic hormone auxin:- N AA (naphthalen acetic acid) and IAP (indole propionic acid) toassist in the formation of fruit and Parthenocarpy . - Acid phenoxy Acetate, Benzoic Acid and synthetic auxin 2,4 -D at

concentrations below 0 .1% can kill weeds, does not harm otherplants and prevents the fruit falls from the tree .


18/42

Discovered in 1 926 by F . Kurosawa from Japan . He managed to extract a substance produced byfungi or Fusarium fujikuroi Gibberelamonoliformae capable of accelerating growth . In the commercial world gibberellins producedfrom fungal culture with GA3 formula . Gibberellin hormone can be used in cropcultivation Parthenocarpy (formation of fruit

without pollination, so without seed) togetherwith the hormone auxin .


19/42

- Encouraging the development of seed,- The development of flower buds,- Elongation of the stem and leaf growth;- Encourage flowering, and fruit development;- Affects root growth and differentiation


20/42

N atural cytokinins found by D .S. Lethan andC.O. Miller in 1 963 was isolated in crystallineform from immature corn kernels calledzeatin . N atural cytokinins isopentenyl adenineresulting from derivative .


21/42

- Influencing the growth and differentiation of the root;- Encourage the growth and cell division ingeneral,- Encourage germination;- Delaying aging


22/42

The only inhibiting plant growth hormone . May set the time in the fall fruit cropcultivation . The function of abscisic acid:- Inhibits growth;- Stimulate the closure of stomata at the time

of water shortage,- To maintain dormancy .


23/42

Hormone produced by the old fruit (ripe) . In the commercial world brood known ascarbide for the fruit to cook faster . Ethylene gas when used with gibberellins canadjust the ratio of male and female flowers onone plant married (monoseus) . Ethylene gas when used together with auxincan stimulate the process of flowering inmango and pineapple plants .


24/42

- To encourage ripening;- Give the opposite effect with some influenceauxin;- Encourage or inhibit the growth anddevelopment of roots, leaves, stems andflowers .


25/42

Hormones that play a role in the formation of plant organs (organogenesis)- Rhizokalin (root)- Filokalin (leaf)- Kaulokalin (stems)- Antokalin (flower)


26/42

Traumalin or kambium acid stimulates celldivision in the wound area to cover the woundas a mechanism of injury (callus) .


27/42

1 ) LightStimulate photosynthesisInhibit growth . Lack of light can stimulate etiolation (rapidgrowth in a dark place) resulted in cells aslong, pale, weak and flabby . Highly related to

the hormone auxin .


28/42

2) TemperatureEmployment affect enzymeIdeal temperature required for growth was bestoptimum temperature, different for each type of plant . 3) Water and Mineral (nutrient)Effect on root growth of 2 canopies . Differentiation of one or more nutrients will inhibit or cause abnormalgrowth .

4) HumidityWater content will affect plant growth .


29/42

shootHigh seedling stems at day-(cm)

1 2 3 4 5 61 - - - 1

,5 2,0 3,82 1 ,2 5,7 1 0,0 20,5 29,0 33,03 2,0 3,2 9,2 1 9,2 24,0 30, 1

4 - 2,5 7, 1 11 ,5 1 8,0 26,8

5 0,1

0,8 5,0 8,31

6,7 25,0


30/42


1 2 3 4 5 61 - 0,3 2,8 4,7 5,8 11 ,5

2 0, 1 4,7 9,9 1 2,5 20,5 27,83 1 ,0 5,5 1 0,4 1 7,1 23,2 27,54 1 ,2 6,6 1 2,2 1 8,8 26, 1 30,75 1 ,5 6,8 1 0,3 1 5,2 20,5 30, 1


31/42


1 2 3 4 5 61 1 ,3 3,2 7,3 1 7,0 2 1 ,0 32,0

2 - 0,1 0,3 0,5 0,5 0,53 0,5 2,2 5,6 1 0,6 1 4,0 1 5,84 1 ,0 4,0 1 0,8 1 9,1 25,0 30,65 - - - - - -


32/42


1 2 3 4 5 61 1 ,1 7,4 11 ,2 1 8,1 24,5 29,9

2 1 ,2 5,2 1 0,1 1 2,0 22 28,43 0,2 2, 1 3,4 5,5 7,4 24,54 - 0,1 0,3 0,7 1 ,0 2,25 0,4 2,2 5,2 9,o 1 3,9 2 1 ,2


33/42


1 2 3 4 5 61 - 6,1 2,0 4,4 6,2 8,0 1 2,5

2 0,6 5,2 7,9 9,6 1 8,1 28,73 0,7 6,5 1 2,1 1 2,5 20,9 23,04 1 ,1 6,9 9,9 1 6,7 22,6 26, 1

5 0,8 5,5 1 0,7 1 7,5 23,0 29,3


34/42

G lass The day of 1 2 3 4 5 6

I 1. 2 5 .7 1 0 .0 20 .5 29 .0 33 .0

II 1. 2 6 .6 1 2 .2 1 8 .8 26 .1 30 .7III 1. 0 4 .0 1 0 .8 1 9 .1 25 .0 30 .6IV 1.1 7 .4 11. 2 1 8 .1 24 .5 29 .9V 0.8 5 .5 1 0 .7 1 7 .5 23 .0 29 .3


35/42


36/42

G lass The day of 0-1 1- 2 2 -3 3 -4 4 -5 5 -6

1 1 ,2 4,8 4,3 1 0,0 8,5 4,0

2 1 ,2 5,4 5,6 6,6 7,3 4,63 1 ,0 3,0 6,8 8,3 5,9 5,64 1 ,1 6,3 3,8 6,9 6,4 5,45 0,8 4,7 5,2 6,8 5,5 6,3


37/42


38/42

Light is required for the synthesis of chlorophyll and work, withoutwhich photosynthesis can not take place . Mature seeds will be pale,wilted, yellow leaves, not broad, tall, thin trees when planted in thedark . Plants need light to be able to form chlorophyll . Any form of chlorophyll, photosynthesis can take place . Chlorophyll is green

because these pigments absorb green light . Chlorophyll containedin chloroplasts . Plants that received high -intensity light, tend tohave green leaves . The green leaf is obtained from the chloroplastas proplastid development . Proplastid are small structures that donot berwarana contained in the chloroplast . Medium dark, paleleaves on the plant is due to the lack of light for the formation of proplastid into chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll of leaves, soplant pale


39/42

Photosynthesis occurs in two stages: the light reaction (photolysis)and dark reactions (carbon fixation) . In the light reaction occurssolving water and chlorophyll . Besides an effect on photosynthesis, light also affect thedistribution of auxin . Stems of plants exposed to sunlight have a low

auxin concentration, compared with stems that are not part of sunlight due to the transport of auxin from the light into a dark areathat causes the stems to grow faster so that the sprouts growcrooked to the coming of light . In sprouts that grow in dark places,the light does not reduce the concentration of auxin that sproutscan grow rapidly, compared to sprouts that grow in place of thelighter . But the direction remains seedling stems grow towards thecoming of the sun, this is because of the influence of motionfototropis .


40/42

Based on the research we've done, it can be concluded as follows:1. Factors that influence the growth of both factors within andoutside factors or associated interacting with one another . 2 . The light is very influential on plant growth, especially onphotosynthesis, auxin distribution and fototropisme (propagation

direction) . 3 . In plants that grow in dark places, auxin may work optimally or ata maximum so that the growth took place very quickly . However,because there is no photosynthesis, the plants so that the foodshortage was not healthy plant growth . 4 . In plants that grow in the light, auxin can not work optimallybecause of the sunlight that is hampered by slow growth . However,because photosynthesis can occur, it produced enough food forgrowth that resulted in the growth of a robust and healthy plants .


41/42


42/42

presentation bio - copy

Documents