Presentation 4.8

Safety assurance of Physalis (Cape gooseberry) for export

purposes

Presentation 4.8

Safety assurance of Physalis (Cape gooseberry) for export purposes

Team work Product and use

Flow diagram/ in situ

verification

5. Control measures (priorities)

Monitoring

Corrective measures

Verification Documents and records

Hazards identification/

Control measures

Presentation 4.8

Developing the plan requires:• A team leader, experienced in horticulture and

recognized for his leadership and management capacity.

• 3 agronomists from exporting companies.• 1 specialist in post-harvest processes.• Advisor in safety assurance systems in

horticulture.

Presentation 4.8

Specific support from:• Institutions with IPM and ICM

programs.• Institutions responsible for

legislating in food safety, regulations and sale of pesticides.

• Institutions with the required analytical testing.

•Training institutions with extension programs to producers and other actors on the chain.

•Producers and exporters associations..

Presentation 4.8

Objectives:Objectives:• Promote confidence of foreign markets in the safety of Promote confidence of foreign markets in the safety of

export Physalis complying with the importers export Physalis complying with the importers requirements.requirements.

• Increase availability of locally produced safe produce.Increase availability of locally produced safe produce.

Microbiological, chemical and physical hazards will beMicrobiological, chemical and physical hazards will be

considered in this case study. Hazards will be assessedconsidered in this case study. Hazards will be assessed

along the chain up to shipment to the target market. Thealong the chain up to shipment to the target market. The

principles set forth in the Code of Hygiene Practices forprinciples set forth in the Code of Hygiene Practices for

Fresh Fruits and Vegetables will be used throughout theFresh Fruits and Vegetables will be used throughout the

case study as well as the protocols required by the targetcase study as well as the protocols required by the target

market.market.

Presentation 4.8

PRODUCT DESCRI PTI ON Product Name Physalis in 100 g baskets

Characteristics Physalis as fresh fruit Use Direct consumption Packaging Plastic baskets covered with a pre

labelled plastic cover or paper

Packaging instructions Lot, origin, day packaged Post-harvest life 45-60 days Instructions for distribution Inventory rotation (first in first

out), first to come, first to sell. Keep in well ventilated rooms, temperature 10° C

Selling points Retail stores Instruction for retailers No refrigeration required, keep in

ventilated places

Presentation 4.8

** Irrigation: eventuallyHarvest : regularly, concentration on Nov-Dec

Propagation material/ Seed and

seedlings

Weed control

Nursery plant growing

Establishing plant support

system

Selection of planting area

Pest and diseases control

Soil preparationIrrigation **

TransplantPruning

Fertilization

Harvest

Presentation 4.8

PREPARING FOR HARVESTING

HARVESTING

VEHICLES LOADING

TRANSPORT

EXPORTING PLANT

ROAD SIDE COLLECTING

PLANT

TRADITIONAL MARKET

HARVESTING CONTAINER

HARVESTING

HARVESTING INDEX

TRANSFERRING

COLLECTION

RECEPTION

UNLOADING

TRANSPORT

PACKING AND WEIGHING

DISTRIBUTION

WITH CALIXWITHOUT

CALIX

RECEPTION

UNLOADING

WEIGHING

SELECTION

DRYING

GRADINGEXPORTNATIONAL

WITH CALIXWITHOUT

CALIX

TRANSPORT

Devolución

Transient storage

A

Presentation 4.8

UNLOADING

WEIGHING

NATIONALL

DISTRIBUTION

DRYING PACKAGING (WITHOUT CALIX)

QUITAR CAPACHO

PUTTING ON TRAYS

STOVE 60°C x 36 h

PACKING BAGS x 20g

GRADING

RECEPTION

TRANSIENT STORAGE

RECEPTION

UNLOADING

WEIGHING

COOL STORAGE

SELLING POINT

DISTRIBUTION CENTER

TRANSPORT

SUPERMARKETSEXPORT

PACKAGING (WITH CALYX)

TRANSPORT

AIRSEA

AIRPORTCONTAINER

LOADING

INSPECTION

PALLETIZING AND PILING

TRANSPORT TO PORT

UNLOADING

PLAN LOADING SHIP LOADING

TRANSPORT

SELLING POINTS DISTRIBUTION

A

PACKING PLANT

Presentation 4.8

1. SITE OF PRODUCTION AND CROP

Crops are usually placed close to packaging plants to facilitate transport logistics.Producers do not previously evaluate the crop site, nor the associated contamination risks. No records kept of production lots.

Possible microbiological hazards: fecal contamination, organic waste and likely environmental hazards.Possible fecal contamination of soils and water.

Lack of proper crop rotation programs favors continuance of pests and diseases, limiting production potential of some sites.

Unsustainable production systems.

Seeds Propagation is done with vegetative material selected by the producer at the farm. No certified seeds available, commercial varieties not available. Ecotypes are recognized but not varieties. Lack of vegetative material quality control system. Vegetative

Low quality seeds resulting in disease prone plants.Contamination resulting from using low quality substrates. Chemical contamination resulting from inadequate antifungal treatments.Soil No soil risks assessment done previous to planting.

No previous analysis run to assess soil physical and chemical conditions.

Does not allow evaluation of soil aptitude for crop. Excessive or unnecessary applications of fertilizers. Phytosanitary problems favored Water No analysis done on the microbiological and chemical

quality of water used to control pests and diseases, for weed control and for cleaning procedures of machinery and equipment. Agricultural and human consumption water in general have the same source.

Likely hazards of microbiological contamination from water, manure or human feces. Chemical contamination hazards resulting from chemicals applied to nearby crops.Occasional microbiological and chemical contamination hazards of superficial water sources.

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS. FAO

2. AGRICULTURAL INCOMING MATERIALS

MATERIAL 4.7. TABLE 1. IDENTIFICATION OF LIKELY HAZARDS IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION

CURRENT SITUATIONPROCESS

STEPASSOCIATED HAZARDS

Presentation 4.8

Plant design does not allow over supply of product and available space does not allow for continuous and appropriate flows.

Likely microbiological contamination by personnel, baskets, contaminated products, etc.

Often packaging plants lack reception and dispatching areas separated from other operations. Inadequate facilities may difficult loading and unloading procedures (no platforms for loading/unloading vehicles).

Likely microbiological or physical contamination.

Crossed process flows not following operational sequence. Likely microbiological or physical contamination.

Manual selection and grading procedures require adequate lighting, often to be improved.

Plants may have coarse flooring difficulting cleaning and disinfection. Likely microbiological contamination.

Appropriate and well placed sanitizing facilities with liquid soap are available in most plants.

Temporary storage areas and waste management are not clearly defined. Often, fruits are temporary stored uncovered.

Likely microbiological and physical contamination.

Facilities often do not contemplate pest preventing measures, such as screens, covered lighting, etc.

Likely microbiological contamination.

Plant is not properly signalized. Information on likely risks of microbiological or physical contamination is not available.

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS. FAO

1. FACILITIES

MATERIAL 4.7. TABLE 2. IDENTIFICATION OF LIKELY HAZARDS IN PACKAGING PLANTSPROCESS STEP LIKELY HAZARD

Presentation 4.8

1.SITE OF PRODUCTION AND CROP

Identify likely contamination sources: water contaminated with agrochemicals from nearby crops, composting and storage of compost close to water sources, likely contamination with manure, industries in the area, etc. Corrective action plan for identi

Do not allow animals close to water sources. Strategically place garbage containers in the orchard and establish a collection procedure. Site should be frequently inspected to check for cleanliness (canals, ditches, etc.). Put signs forbidding to throw garbage.

Secure information on environmental and other local conditions for the crop (soil mapping, soil erosion, technical support). Map the area showing crops and nearby production systems, showing likely sites where manure, haeces or chemical contamination

Map of the production area showing water sources. Historical record of hazards and their impact. Action plan for correcting identified hazards.

RECOMMENDED

CONTROL AND PREVENTION MEASURES

MONITORING SUPPORT

DOCUMENTATION

PROCESS STEPMAJOR MINOR

Presentation 4.8

Major requirements are:• Assured traceability• Reduced chemical contamination• Use water meeting minimum requirements (for

irrigation, agro chemicals and personal use)• Avoid cross contamination, optimizing

packaging plant design• Enforce pest control program in packaging

plants• Enforce sanitation programs for facilities,

equipment and tools• Increased personnel hygiene

Presentation 4.8

For a successful program the following acceptance levels, amongst others, must be

met: • List of forbidden pesticides and chemicals• Maximum allowed pesticide residues• Drinking water requirements, according to

national regulation or WHO definitions• Thresholds of economic damage for pesticide

use• Drying conditions, temperature and time• Storage conditions, temperature and relative

humidity

Presentation 4.8

SubjectTarget

audience Contents Duration Date Place Evaluation Comments

Safe use of pesticides

Spray supervisers

Understanding the product label Methods of personal contamination Use, care and maintenance of protective clothing Safe working preactices when measuring, mixing and spraying Protection of self and other people Protection of the envrionment

3 hours for instruction, thirty minutes for person (assessment)- 10-12 participants per course

Mar-03 Aranzazu Farm

Participants will be required to demonstrate competence in the instruciton and assessment of safe working practices and to answer a knowledge based written examination

All candidates will be issue with a copy of the "Instructors Guide to the Instruction and Assessment of Safe Use of Pesticides".

Effective spraying

Spray operators Revision of safe use of pesticies (use of protective clothing, safe working practices, etc) Factors that affect the effectiveness of application (speeed, operating pressure, noxxle type and size, maintenance, palcemento f the pesticide) Pre-start c

3 hours for instruction, thirty minutes for person (assessment)- 10-12 participants per course

Apr-03 Marfil farm Participants will be required to demonstrate competence in Safe working practices and to answer some knowledge based oral questions

All canditates will be issued with a copy of the "Operators Guide to Effectve Spraying".

Source: NRDC/ZETA Training Trust Project

Presentation 4.8

 

DATE Farm Number of containers Container specifications

Triple washing method applied

Received by

PROGRAMME FOR DISPOSAL OF PESTICIDE CONTAINERS AND WASHINGS

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Orchard Name:

RECORD: APLICATTION OF PESTICIDES

Problem to be controlled

commercial name

a.i *Dose/litre (or according to

spraying equipment size)

Wether conditions

Time of application

Length of the

application

Sprayer operator

Calibration of sprayer equipment

Nozzle type

Preharvest interval

F I H O

F: FungicideI: Insecticide * According to regional/local indicators to calculate the product doseH: HerbicideO: Other

Product

Date:

Presentation 4.8

RECORD: RELEVANT CLIMATE CHANGES

DATE RAINFULL(mm) OBSERVATIONSINFORMATION RECORDED BYFREEZE (length)

Presentation 4.8

RECORD: HAZARDS ASSOCIATED TO WATER SOURCES

Water sources-human consumption and agricultural

proposes (municipality, re-used irrigation water, well, open

canal, reservoir, rivers, lakes, farm ponds etc.).

Hazard identification Preventive and

control measures Inspection date Resposable Identified hazard Corrective Action

Nombre del predio: ___________________________________________________________Fecha: ____________________________________________________

Presentation 4.8

  

Criteria: Quality of the water for human consumption and agricultural use.

Control Point Suggested verifiers Name of

documents/verifiers means

Have relevant documents been

checked

Confirmed by worker

interviews or observation

Outcome (C/PC/NC)*

Comments

Is the water used suitable for human consumption and agricultural proposes?

Documents supporting access to water sources from the municipality. When necessary, growers should have the water they use tested for microbial and chemical contaminants/results of the analysis

Payment bills, municipality subscription, etc/results of analysis

√ √ C

Measures to prevent the potential contamination of water sources are taken?

Map (Water sources distribution-location)-Identification of potential hazards and associated risks Water tanks and /or wells periodically observed. Interviews with workers/operators

Farm map

√ √ C

Periodical observation of water sources carried out by the producer must be recorded/documented

the access of animals to the water sources is restricted.

Visual inspection of surrounded areas. Interviews with the producer

Records

√ PC

It is recommended to re-enforce fences around the water sources.

* C: CumplianceNC: No ComplianceCP: Partial Cumpliance

Farm name: ____________________________

Recorded by:

Date: ____________________________________________________

Audit : First semester Second semester

Presentation 4.8

FARM: “THE PARADISE”

FARM: “THE PARADISE”

NOTEBOOK OF NOTEBOOK OF

RECORDSRECORDS

Presentation 4.8

• Support program to supply producers with pesticides to control major Phytosanitary problems (i.e. crop specific)

• Support program to recover used pesticide containers• Strengthen extension activities to help small producers decide on product

application• Support specific maintenance programs for dosifiers and fumigation

equipment• Support motivation programs for producers and their families, allowing

for a new generation of producers, more literate and with greater understanding of business needs. This will assist in record keeping.

• Design adequate sanitary facilities using inexpensive materials and meeting export requirements

• Involve producers’ families in safety assurance and training programs. Junior family members would be responsible for posting signs in storage areas and sanitary facilities

• Training program for workers and producers in the safe use of pesticides, shears, etc.