presentation-11th acuus international conference
TRANSCRIPT
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE METHODS
FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF UNDERGROUND CAR PARKS
M.C. PAPPACivil Engineer, Msc, Greece
A.G. BenardosPhd, Lab. of Mining & Environmental
Technology-NTUA, Greece
Importance of parking spaces – Underground car parks
The problem.Lack of parking spaces in the large urbancenters.
The consequences.Traffic jams and long delays.
Environmental pollution.
The solution. Underground parking areas.
Advantages
Preservation of valuable surface space.
High availability.
Environmental protection.
High construction and service cost.
Importance of parking spaces – Underground car parks
Disadvantages
Motives for the construction of underground parking stations
Subsidy 4.108 € / per parking place
Conditions
Creation of at least 40 parking places stations of public use.
Demonstration of the necessity of the underground parking construction.
Alternative Methods for the Construction of Underground Car Parks
Cut and Cover Room and Pillar
Cut and Cover Method
Field of Application .
Loose soil of top layers.
Hard soil (in exceptional cases).
General outline
Support of the cutting perimetric walls.
Steel strands.
Reinforced concrete.
Tensile anchors.
Cases examined
Parking Station Surface (m2) Volume (m3) FloorsCapacity
(cars)
Paidon Hospital Square 17.433 54.764 5 576
Rizari Street 18.997 56.339 4 664
Kaniggos Square 15.401 49.283 4 491
Cut and Cover Method
Cut and Cover Method
Kaniggos Square
Cost Analysis – Key issues
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Des
ign Studies
Sup
port
Exc
avation
Con
crete
Water
proo
fing
Pav
emen
ts
Coa
tings
Land
scap
ing/de
cora
tion
Electric
al &
Mec
hanica
l
Parallel w
orks
Gen
eral e
xpen
ces
As-b
uild
Cost (%
)
Paidon Square station
Rizari street station
Cut and Cover Method
Parking Station Total Cost (x103 € )Cost/parking
place (€ )Cost/m2 (€ )
Paidon Hospital Square 5.283 9.170 303
Rizari Street 4.830 7.275 254
Kaniggos Square 9.856 20.075 640
Cut and Cover Method
Cost Analysis – Key issues
Cut and Cover Method
Cost Analysis – Key issues
Factors examined:
Local conditions in the construction area.
Geological background.
Excavation depth.
Parallel works (Rerouting of the traffic, pedestrian passages, rearrangement of utility networks).
Support.
Renovation and landscaping.
Support.
Excavation.
Support.
Excavation.
Room and Pillar Method
General outline
Support.
Natural support.
The pillars of the rock support the overburden.
Field of Application .
Horizontal or slightly inclined formations , located in low to medium depth and characterised of high to medium strengh.
Parking Station Surface (m2) Volume (m3) FloorsCapacity
(cars)
Agia Paraskevi 13.248 66.240 1 360
Tourkovounia 11.319 45.276 1 346
Katehaki Bus depot 59.917 479.336 1284
(buses)
Room and Pillar Method
Cases examined
Entrance –Exit of Pedestrians
Entrance – Exit of Vehicles
Agia Paraskevi
Parking Station
Room and Pillar Method
Cases examined
Cost Analysis – Key issues
Major cost components
Excavation cost.
Development cost.
Income gained from the sale of the raw materials.
Parking Station Total Cost (x103 € )Cost/parking
place (€ )Cost/m2 (€ )
Agia Paraskevi 1.353 3.760 102
Tourkovounia 3.067 8.865 297
Katehaki Bus depot 3.667 12.910 61
Factors examined:
Location.
Volume.
Excavation method.
Room and Pillar Method
Creation of an economy of scale.
Comparative evaluation
Much lower cost/m2 in the room and pillar cases than ofthe cut and cover ones due to:
Revenues from the raw materials sales.
Natural support absence of major support systems andconcrete works.
The room and pillar method constitutes a radical solution which is able to offer the optimal financial results.
Agia Paraskevi
102
Τourkovounia
297
Paidon Hospital
Square
303 Rizari Street
254
Kaniggos Square
640
Katehaki
Bus Depot
61
0
150
300
450
600
750
Tota
l c
ost
(€/m
2)
Hospital Paidon Square
Rizari Street
Kaniggos Square
Agia Paraskevi
Thermal Bus Company
Τourkovounia
Conclusions
The development of underground car parks is essential for modern cities as it provides an efficient way to facilitate the parking needs.
A further research should be realized in order to construct underground parking stations using methods which combine feasibility with greatest economy.
End of Presentation
Thank you very much!