presentación biote

8/13/2019 Presentacin Biote

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One simple definition

biothe use of biological processes; and

technologyto solve problems or make useful products.

The simplest definition

technology based on biology


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A more appropriate definition to this century

twenty-one is:

Biotechnology means any technological application that uses

biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to

make or modify products or processes for specific use.

Biotechnology is the use of living organisms, cells or cellular

components for the production of compounds or precisegenetic improvement of living things for the benefit of man.


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According to United States National Science Academy,bio techno logy is the

controlled use of biological agents like cells or cellular

components for beneficial use


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Areas of Study


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The applications of the biotechnology are numerous and are in

the habit of qualifying in:

Red biotechnolo gy: it is applied to the utilization of

biotechnology in medical processes.


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White Biotechno logy: also known as industrialbiotechnology, it is that one applied to industrial

processes.


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The Technologies and Their

Applications


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Bioprocessing Technology

The living cells most commonly used are one-celled

microorganisms, such as yeast and bacteria; the biomolecular

components we use most often are enzymes, which are

proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions.


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Monoclonal Antibodies

Monoclonal antibody technology uses immune-system cells

that make proteins called antibodies. For example, we use

monoclonal antibodies to:

Locate environmental pollutants.

Detect harmful microorganisms in food.

Distinguish cancer cells from normal cells.

Diagnose infectious diseases in humans, animals and plants.


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Fluorescence-activated cell sorter


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Microscopic dissection


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The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein produced by

the jellyfishAequorea victoria.

Structure of the Aequorea victoria green

fluorescent protein


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Cell Culture

Cell culture technology is the growing of cells outside of living

organisms.

Plant c el l culture

Plant cell culture is also an important source of compounds

used as flavors, colors and aromas by the food-processing

industry.


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Blue roses


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Insect cel l culture

Insect cell culture can broaden our use of biological control

agents that kill insect pests without harming beneficial insects

or having pesticides accumulate in the environment.


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Mammalian cel l cu lture

Livestock breeding has used mammalian cell culture as an

essential tool for decades. Eggs and sperm, taken from

genetically superior bulls and cows, are united in the lab, and

the resulting embryos are grown in culture before beingimplanted in surrogate cows.


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By 2000 the human genome had been sequenced and today

we use recombinant DNA techniques, in conjunction with

molecular cloning to

Produce new medicines and safer vaccines.

Treat some genetic diseases.

Enhance biocontrol agents in agriculture.

Decrease allergy-producing characteristics of some foods.

Improve foods nutritional value.

Decrease water and air pollution.


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DNA recombination


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Cloning

Cloning technology allows us to generate a population of

genetically identical molecules, cells, plants or animals.

Because cloning technology can be used to produce

molecules, cells, plants and some animals, its applications are

extraordinarily broad.

Virtually all applications in

biotechnology, from drug

discovery and development to

the production of transgenic

crops, depend on gene

cloning.


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PCR based gene cloning


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PCR used

in

forensic

science


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Protein Engineering

Protein engineering technology is used, often in conjunction

with recombinant DNA techniques, to improve existing

proteins, such as enzymes, antibodies and cell receptors, and

to create proteins not found in nature. These proteins may be

used in drug development, food processing and industrial

manufacturing.


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Biosensor

Biosensor technology couples our knowledge of biology with

advances in microelectronics. A biosensor is composed of abiological component, such as a cell, enzyme or antibody,

linked to a tiny transducera device powered by one system

that then supplies power (usually in another form) to a second

system.


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Nanotechnology

Nanotechnologythe study, manipulation and manufacture of

ultra-small structures and machines made of as few as one

moleculewas made possible by the development of

microscopic tools for imaging and manipulating single

molecules and measuring the electromagnetic forces between

them.


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Conclusions

Biotechnology as a fast developing technology as well as a

science has already shown its impact on different aspects ofday-to-day human life such as public health, pharmaceuticals,

food and agriculture, industry, bioenergetics and information

technology.

Now it is very clear that biotechnology will be a key technologyfor the 21st century and the science of the future. It has the

potential to ensure food security, dramatically reduce hunger

and malnutrition, and reduce rural poverty, particularly in

developing countries.


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Bibliography

The Guide to Biotechnology 2007 by the

Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO)

BiotecVisions 2011,March A1A8 2011 John Wiley

& Sons, Inc.

Introduction to Biotechnology and Genetic

Engineering by A.J. Nair, PH.D. (INFINITY SCIENCE

PRESS LLC)


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