SecondEdition

Preparation Coursefor the

TOEFL* Test

DEBORAH PHILLIPSULB Darmstadt

Illlllllllllllllllllllll16875325

PEARSON

Longman

TOEFL® is the registered trademark of Educational Testing Service (ETS). This publication is not endorsedor approved by ETS. No endorsement of this publication by Educational Testing Service should be inferred.

CONTENTSINTRODUCTION xv

SECTION ONE: READING 1READING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST: 2

Aggression 3

READING OVERVIEW 8

READING SKILLS 10

VOCABULARY AND REFERENCE 10SKILL 1 UNDERSTAND VOCABULARY FROM CONTEXT 10

Reading Exercise 1 13Smog 13Autism 14Parasitic Plants 15Edna Ferber 16

SKILL 2 RECOGNIZE REFERENTS 17Reading Exercise 2 19

Animal Congregation 19Chromium Compounds 20New World Epidemics 21Horatio Alger, Jr. 22

Reading Review Exercise (Skills 1-2) 23Coral Colonies 23

SENTENCES 26

SKILL 3 SIMPLIFY MEANINGS OF SENTENCES 26Reading Exercise 3 28

Camouflage 28Post-it® Notes 29The Pulitzer Prize 31Competition and Cooperation 33

SKILL 4 INSERT SENTENCES INTO THE PASSAGE 35Reading Exercise 4 37

Popcorn 37Lions 38Accidental Inventions 39Uranium 40

Reading Exercise (Skills 3-4) 41Theodore Dreiser 41

Reading Review Exercise (Skills 1-4) 45Pulsars 45

in

DETAILS 49

SKILL 5 FIND FACTUAL INFORMATION 49Reading Exercise 5 51

Lake Baikal 51The Postage Stamp 52The Clovis Culture 53Brown Dwarfs 54

SKILL 6 UNDERSTAND NEGATIVE FACTS 56Reading Exercise 6 59

Flatfish 59Limestone Caves 60Wrigley's Chewing Gum 61Dissociative Identity Disorder 62

Reading Exercise (Skills 5-6) 63John Muir 63

Reading Review Exercise (Skills 1-6) 66Caretaker Speech 66

INFERENCES 70

SKILL 7 MAKE INFERENCES FROM STATED FACTS 70Reading Exercise 7 72

Tiger Moths 72The Cambrian Explosion 73The Golden Age of Comics 74The Filibuster 75

SKILL 8 INFER RHETORICAL PURPOSE 76Reading Exercise 8 78

Xerography 78Demographic Change 79The Hubble Telescope 80Territoriality 82

Reading Exercise (Skills 7-8) 83Ella Deloria 83

Reading Review Exercise (Skills 1-8) 87Early Autos 87

READING TO LEARN 91

SKILL 9 SELECT SUMMARY INFORMATION 91Reading Exercise 9 94

Island Plant Life 94Ben and Jerry 95The Bald Eagle 96Modernism in Art 97

SKILL 10 COMPLETE SCHEMATIC TABLES 98Reading Exercise 10 101

Sand Dunes 101A Surprising Connection 102Carnivorous Plants 103William Faulkner 104

iv CONTENTS

Reading Exercise (Skills 9-10) 105Species 105

Reading Review Exercise (Skills 1-10) 107Decisions 107

READING POST-TEST 111Aquatic Schools 112

SECTION TWO: LISTENING 117

LISTENING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST 118A Problem with a Class 119Sleep 121

LISTENING OVERVIEW 123

LISTENING SKILLS 125

BASIC COMPREHENSION 125

SKILL 1 UNDERSTAND THE GIST 125Listening Exercise 1 128

An Engineering Course 128The Grade Report 128Lakes 129Meteorology 129

SKILL 2 UNDERSTAND THE DETAILS 130Listening Exercise 2 133

A Parking Sticker 133A Drama Class 134Early Teachers 135Iron Pyrite 136

Listening Review Exercise (Skills 1-2) 137An Anthropology Paper 137

PRAGMATIC UNDERSTANDING 139

SKILL 3 UNDERSTAND THE FUNCTION 139Listening Exercise 3 143

• ' The Library 143The Transcript 144The Opossum 145Venus 146

SKILL 4 UNDERSTAND THE SPEAKER'S STANCE 148Listening Exercise 4 152

Course Load 152A Questionnaire 153Iroquois Houses 154Hail 155

Listening Exercise (Skills 3-4) 156The Fugio Coin 156

Listening Review Exercise (Skills 1-4) 158Hibernation 158

CONTENTS

CONNECTING INFORMATION 160

SKILL 5 UNDERSTAND THE ORGANIZATION 160Listening Exercise 5 164

Tropism 164Fossils 165Clarence Darrow 166Fractures 167

SKILL 6 UNDERSTAND RELATIONSHIPS 168Listening Exercise 6 170

A Placement Test 170A Term Paper 170Conifers 171Presentation 172

Listening Exercise (Skills 5-6) 173The Outer Banks 173

Listening Review Exercise (Skills 1-6) 175Leaf Arrangements 175

LISTENING POST-TEST 177The Music Project 178The Great Lakes 180

SECTION THREE: SPEAKING i83SPEAKING DIAGNOSTIC PRETEST 184

A Good Teacher 185Vacation Preferences 185Registering for Classes 186Nonverbal Communication 187A Problem in French Class 188Echolocation 188

SPEAKING OVERVIEW 189

SPEAKING SKILLS 192

INDEPENDENT TASKS 192

° SKILL 1 PLAN THE FREE-CHOICE RESPONSE 192Speaking Exercise 1 193

Characteristics of a Good Neighbor 193Your Favorite Holiday 193Which Person Helped the Most 194Ten Million Dollars 194Your Dream House 194Your Favorite Food 194Characteristics of a Good Parent 195Where You Want to Live 195The Person You Want to Meet 195Where You Will Take the TOEFL Test 195

vi CONTENTS

SKILL 2 MAKE THE FREE-CHOICE RESPONSE 196Speaking Exercise 2 197Speaking Review Exercise (Skills 1-2) 197

Your Job 197Driver Age 197Student Excuses 197Your Favorite Day 197Government Changes 197

SKILL 3 PLAN THE PAIRED-CHOICE RESPONSE 197Speaking Exercise 3 199

Large or Small Class 199Dinner at Home or Dinner Out 199Marriage Before or After Age Thirty 199Preferred Type of Exams 200Trip by Plane or Train 200Big City or Small Town 200Study Alone or with Friends 200Play or Watch Sports 201Opera or a Football Game 201TOEFL Test or a Math Test 201

SKILL 4 MAKE THE PAIRED-CHOICE RESPONSE 202Speaking Exercise 4 203Speaking Review Exercise (Skills 3-4) 203

Teacher Mistakes 203Taking Chances or Playing It Safe 203Career Choices 203Decision Making 203Obeying Parents 203

INTEGRATED TASKS (READING AND LISTENING) 204

SKILL 5 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU READ 204Speaking Exercise 5 205

Bicycle Parking on Campus 205A Professor's Retirement 205Part of a Class Syllabus 206

SKILL 6 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 206Speaking Exercise 6 208

Bicycle Parking on Campus 208A Professor's Retirement 208Part of a Class Syllabus 209

SKILL 7 PLAN BEFORE YOU SPEAK 209Speaking Exercise 7 211

SKILL 8 MAKE THE RESPONSE 212Speaking Exercise 8 213Speaking Review Exercise (Skills 5-8) 213

History Syllabus 213

CONTENTS Vii

SKILL 9 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU READ 214Speaking Exercise 9 215

The Dead Sea 215Polling 215The Polynesian Migration 216

SKILL 10 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 216Speaking Exercise 10 217

The Dead Sea 217Polling 218The Polynesian Migration 218

SKILL 11 PLAN BEFORE YOU SPEAK 219Speaking Exercise 11 220

SKILL 12 MAKE THE RESPONSE 221Speaking Exercise 12 222Speaking Review Exercise (Skills 9-12) 222

The Equity Theory 222

INTEGRATED TASKS (LISTENING) 223

SKILL 13 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 223Speaking Exercise 13 225

Choosing a Professor 225Study Habits 225An Independent Study Project 226

SKILL 14 PLAN BEFORE YOU SPEAK 227Speaking Exercise 14 228

SKILL 15 MAKE THE RESPONSE 229Speaking Exercise 15 230Speaking Review Exercise (Skills 13-15) 230

Bored in Class 230

SKILL 16 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 231Speaking Exercise 16 232

The Bank Holiday of 1933 232Creativity 233The Amazon River 233

SKILL 17 PLAN BEFORE YOU SPEAK 234Speaking Exercise 17 235

SKILL 18 MAKE THE RESPONSE 236Speaking Exercise 18 237Speaking Review Exercise (Skills 16-18) 237

SAD 237

SPEAKING POST-TEST 238An Admirable Person 239Getting News 239A Cafeteria Problem 240Social Environments 241A Class Schedule Problem 242Life on Mars 242

viii CONTENTS

SECTION FOUR: WRITING 243WRITING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST 244

Human Memory 245A News Story 246

WRITING OVERVIEW 247

WRITING SKILLS 249

INTEGRATED TASK 249

SKILL 1 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU READ 249Writing Exercise 1 251

Homeschooling 251Polysemy 251Margaret Mead's Research 252

SKILL 2 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 253Writing Exercise 2 255

Homeschooling 255Polysemy 256Margaret Mead's Research 256

SKILL 3 PLAN BEFORE YOU WRITE 257Writing Exercise 3 259

SKILL 4 WRITE A TOPIC STATEMENT 260Writing Exercise 4 262

SKILL 5 WRITE SUPPORTING PARAGRAPHS ON READING PASSAGES 263Writing Exercise 5 264

SKILL 6 WRITE SUPPORTING PARAGRAPHS ON LISTENING PASSAGES 265Writing Exercise 6 267

SKILL 7 REVIEW SENTENCE STRUCTURE 268Writing Exercise 7 269

Management Styles 269Earthquake Waves 269

SKILL 8 REVIEW GRAMMAR 270• , Writing Exercise 8 270

American English Spelling 270Aversive Conditioning 271

Writing Review Exercise (Skills 1-8) 272Stonehenge 272

CONTENTS IX

INDEPENDENT TASK 273

SKILL 9 PLAN BEFORE YOU WRITE 273Writing Exercise 9 274

Relieving Stress 274A Famous Place to Visit 274Actions or Words 275Yourself Today and Five Years Ago 275Team or Individual Sports 275The Best Age to Marry 275Characteristics of a Good Teacher 276Haste Makes Waste 276Learning a New Language 276The TOEFL Test 276

SKILL 10 WRITE THE INTRODUCTION 277Writing Exercise 10 278

SKILL 11 WRITE UNIFIED SUPPORTING PARAGRAPHS 281Writing Exercise 11 283

SKILL 12 CONNECT THE SUPPORTING PARAGRAPHS 284Writing Exercise 12 285

SKILL 13 WRITE THE CONCLUSION 287Writing Exercise 13 288

SKILL 14 REVIEW SENTENCE STRUCTURE 290Writing Exercise 14 291

Team Sports 291

SKILL 15 REVIEW GRAMMAR 292Writing Exercise 15 293

University and High School Studies 293Writing Review Exercise (Skills 9-15) 293

Emotions 293

WRITING POST-TEST 294Unintended Consequences 295Safe or Sorry 296

MINI-TESTS 297

MINI-TEST 1 297ReadingListening

Speaking

Writing

Migration 298Science Lab 303The Little House Books 305Leader of the Country 308History Films 308Formation of Glaciers 309Garlic 311

CONTENTS

MINI-TEST 2 313ReadingListening

Speaking

Writing

MINI-TEST 3 329ReadingListening

Speaking

Writing

MINI-TEST 4 345ReadingListening

Speaking

Writing

MINI-TEST 5 361ReadingListening

Speaking

Writing

MINI-TEST 6 377ReadingListening

Speaking

Writing

Birth Order 314Confused Assignment 319Cross-Dating 321Getting Up Early 324Leadership Roles 324Meeting on Exam Schedule 325Historical Event 327

Ketchup 330Biology Class 335Gem Cuts 337Hometown 341Library Rules 341Split Infinitives 342Scientific Management 344

Estuaries 346Cumulative Exam 351Mountains 353Kinds of Exams 356Nullification 356Psychology Class 357Working for Others 359

Schizophrenia 362Scholarship 367Ato/is 369

A Good Frieraf 372Student Assistant Positions 372Zero-Sum Economies 373Catch-22 375

Exxon Valdez 378Schedule Plan 383Animal Hearing 385MiZZzon DoZZars 388Formation of the Solar SystemRescheduled Speaker 389Visitors to Your Country 391

388

CONTENTS XI

MINI-TEST 7 393ReadingListening

Speaking

Writing

MINI-TEST 8 409ReadingListening

Speaking

Writing

Plate Tectonics 394

Group Project 399The Trumpet 401

Studying English 404Discussion Class 404NIMBY 405

Supernovas 407

Limners 410

General Studies 415Carbon 417

Big Party 420Somnambulism 420Questioning the Professor 421

Violence in Movies 423

COMPLETE TESTS 425

COMPLETE TEST 1ReadingReadingReading

123

Listening

Speaking

Writing

COMPLETE TEST 2ReadingReadingReading

123

425Prehistoric Astronomers A.Truman and the RailroadsMathematical Bases 435

Student Newspaper 441The Great Salt Lake 443Kleenex 445Exam Grade 448Hawaii 450Three-Mile Island 452

Dream Job 455Group Paper 455Spring Show 456Great Ape CommunicationDreaded Science Class 458Mercantilism 458

Venus 460Family Traditions 461

463

Navigational Devices 464T/te Neanderthals 46927ze SiZertf £ r a 473

431

457

XII CONTENTS

Listening Grade Report 478Washington, D.C. 480The Letter C 482The Space Shuttle 485Caves 487The Compound Eye 489

Speaking Favorite Movie 492Telling a Lie 492Business Internships 493Supersonic Speed 494Project Done Bit by Bit 495Multiple Personality Disorder 495

Writing Social Promotion 497Good Leader 498

APPENDIXES 499APPENDIX AAPPENDIX BAPPENDIX C

Cohesion 499Sentence Structure 507Error Correction (Grammar) 514

DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT, AND SCORINGOverall Scores 553Reading Diagnosis and Scoring 554Listening Diagnosis and Scoring 558Speaking Assessment and Scoring 562Writing Assessment and Scoring 573

551

RECORDING SCRIPT 580

ANSWER KEY 647

CONTENTS Xlll