PREDICTING PILE DRIVING INDUCED MOVEMENTS IN GOTHENBURG SOFT CLAY

Presented by:

Yeganeh Attari, PhD Candidate at NTNU

PhD Supervisor: Professor Gudmund Reidar Eiksund

NORDIC GROUND VIBRATION DAY 2018

PRESENTATION CONTENT

Problem Definition

Project Background

Challenges Involved

Numerical Analysis and Calibration

Construction Phase & Conclusion

Awards & Publications

PROBLEM DEFINITION

Effects of driven pile installations in soft clay deposits:• displacing surrounding soil• causing construction sites to expand laterally and vertically outwards• Stressing existing foundations of adjacent structures.

Revised figure from Meijers (2007)

PROJECT BACKGROUND

Gamlestad Torg project(Gothenburg, Sweden)

Foundation Designer: Sigma Civil ABContractors involved: Serneke, Platzer Fastigheter,Hercules Grundläggning

Architectural rendering of the proposed development, (Credit: Sigma Civil Ltd.)

(Photo credit: Sigma Civil Ltd.)

FOUNDATION DESIGN

How is this foundation installation going to affect the adjacent infrastructure?

Foundation: 300 number of reinforced concrete piles with dimensions ranging from 235 mm to 350 mm in a rectangular shape with 40m depth

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CHALLENGES INVOLVED…

Highly constrained site

https://www.gamlestadstorg.se/utveckling-av-gamlestaden/

(Credit: Sigma Civil Ltd.)

CHALLENGES INVOLVED…

Disarrayed Piling Plan

Gothenburg Soft ClayUndrained shear strength measurements (kPa) over depth (m)

Revised drawing from Sigma Civil Ld.

Submitted to GDG by: Sigma Civil Ltd. as part of ground investigation results

MODELLING PRINCIPLE

Cavity Expansion Method (CEM)

Shallow Strain Path Method (SSPM)

Volumetric Expansion Feature in Plaxis 3D

Constitutive Soil Model (Linear Elastic, Linear Elastic-Perfectly Plastic or more complicated Soil Models?)

Vertical and radial movementsof the surficial soil due toclosed ended pipe installation

L: Pile embedment lengthR: Pile diameterr: is the radial distance from pile center axisReference: (Xu et al., 2006).

CALIBRATION IS KEY…

Example of stresses induced in the soil due to a single pile expansion in Plaxis 3D, (Figure: GDG Ltd.)

Predicted heave generated due to a single pile driving in soil using Plaxis 3D by GDG (Green dots and Red line) compared to Xu et al. (2006) results (piles A and B)

MODEL DEVELOPMENT

Screenshot of Plaxis 3D model developed by GDG Ltd.

Revised drawing from Sigma Civil Ld.

3D NUMERICAL MODEL (PLAXIS)

Screenshot of Plaxis 3D model developed by GDG Ltd.

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS RESULTS

Screenshots of Plaxis 3D model output developed by GDG Ltd.

CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Site view during the construction phase, Credit: Serneke Ltd.

AWARDS & PUBLICATIONS

• Plaxis Case Study – Published in Plaxis Bulletin no. 41

• Keynote lecture at The Swedish Foundation Day 2016

• Winning project of the 26th European Young Engineers Competition (EYGEC26), presented by Yeganeh Attari

• Winner of the Design Excellence Award 2018 from ACEI (Association of Consultant Engineers in Ireland)

• Conference Paper at CERI018 (Civil Engineering Research in Ireland)

Team involved:

• Yeganeh Attari: Design Engineer• Paul Quigley: Project Manager• Dr Paul Doherty: Managing Director @ GDG• Dr Carl Brangan, Dr Gerry Murphy: Brain-storming partners • Nicholas Lusack: Geotechnical Lead @ Sigma Civil

REFERENCES

Baligh, M. M. (1985). Strain path method. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 111(9), 1108–1136.

Claesson, P. (2003). Long term settlements in soft clays. Chalmers University of Technology.

Edstam, T., & Kullingsjö, A. (2010). Ground displacements due to pile driving in Gothenburg clay. In Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering (NUMGE), Trondheim, Norway. Taylor and Francis, London, UK (pp. 625–630).

Meijers. P, PhD Thesis, Settlement during vibratory sheet piling.

Nenonen, P., & Ruul, J. (2011). Environmental impact of pile driving -An Feanalysis of the displacement of the Skäran bridge. Retrieved from http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/143845.pdf

Olsson, M. (2013). On rate-dependency of Gothenburg clay. Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg.

Sagaseta, C., & Whittle, A. J. (2001). PREDICTION OF GROUND MOVEMENTS DUE TO PILE DRIVING IN CLAY. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 127(1).

Xu, X. T., Liu, H. L., & Lehane, B. M. (2006). Pipe pile installation effects in soft clay. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil EngineersGeotechnicalEngineering, 159(4), 285–296.

Plaxis 3D AE Tutorial Manual (2015). Plaxis bv, Delft, the Netherlands.

Plaxis 3D AE Reference Manual (2015). Plaxis bv, Delft, the Netherlands.

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Architectural rendering of the proposed development, (Credit: Sigma Civil Ltd.)