Pre-Class 5/25/11 Black people have faced discrimination

and violence in this region of the world since Bacon’s Rebellion in1676.

Generations have suffered and died under a racist belief that they are inferior, dangerous, and untrustworthy.Now there is a movement to change things, but

the question is how should we change things?!?!?!?

Answer: What approach should the Civil Rights Movement favor, violence or non-violence?

Why do you feel this way?

Where did the Nonviolent Approach in the CRM Come From?

“A small body of determined spirits fired by an unquenchable faith in their mission can alter the course of history.” -- Mohandas Ghandi

Ghandi had resisted British rule in India, leading to India’s independence

Ghandi used two tactics:1.Nonviolence2.Civil Disobedience

Core Ideas of Nonviolence in CRM1. Nonviolence/Civility

Avoid violence at all costs Be the righteous person in the face of

injustice

1. Disobedience The deliberate and public refusal to obey

an unjust law

More on Civil Disobedience “If we are arrested every day, if we are exploited every

day, if we are trampled over every day, don’t ever let anyone pull you so low as to hate them … We must realize that so many people are taught to hate us that they are not totally responsible for their own hate.”

What does this quote mean to you? Society has taught itself to hate/fear, don’t give them a

reason to hate you How does being civil (nonviolent) and yet disobedient

help you win your cause?

Who said this quote? Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (circa 1955)

Ghandi’s Influence on Dr. King Ghandi had lived/worked in

India a few decades before the time of the CRM and Dr. King (1920s-40s)

His work (overcoming the British Empire in India) was legendary!

Dr. King used Ghandi’s example as an inspiration for his nonviolent tactics in the CRM

Welcome Historians! 5/31/11

What does Ghandi have to do with MLK?

Today’s Objectives:To understand/answer:

1. Why was nonviolence used in the CRM?

2. How was nonviolence used in the CRM?

3. What role did MLK, JFK etc. play in the CRM?

Final on Friday!

Montgomery Bus Boycott 381 Days long

Took the federal government to step in and settle the dispute.

MLK & SCLC Dr. King gained a lot of publicity and fame as

a leader following the Montgomery Bus Boycott (more on this later this week)

In 1957 Dr. King helped to found the SCLC SCLC = Southern Christian Leadership Council

What does the SCLC do? The SCLC was a leading group in the CRM that

helped to organize civil rights activists Trained members in nonviolent protests tactics,

and focused on obtaining voting rights

SCLC – Double Check/Comment on your Notes

Write answers/comments on the side of your notes!

Why would the SCLC train everyone in nonviolent protest tactics? (hint: remember this came about after the successful bus

boycott)

Why would the SCLC focus on securing voting rights for black people?

The Goals of the CRM1. To end segregation

2. To secure equal rights for all races

3. To get the federal (national) government to support all of this in writing as law.

Remember, up until this point America didn’t have clear language about equal rights laws.

Socially people were either indifferent, or believed in racial stereotypes (black inferiority, blacks as dangerous, etc.)

Examples: Civil Disobedience

Violent Backlashes against CRM Activists

Freedom Rides (left) – desegregated, interstate bus rides through the South. Whites attacked the buses! Beatings, firebombs,

riots

How do their behaviors compare?

How will America react upon seeing these images?

Write comments in notes.

President John Fitzgerald Kennedy President Kennedy (JFK) was a supporter of

the civil rights movement. JFK

Gave executive orders to desegregate the federal govt.

Appointed black Americans to federal court positions

He couldn’t get the support of congress/white southern politicians to pass a civil rights law – what the movement wanted from the beginning!

How do you convince politicians to listen and take notice of your demands?!?!

TAKE THE MESSAGE TO THEM!

March on Washington DC 1963 250,000 people

arrived in the nation’s capital outside of the Lincoln Memorial

One giant peaceful protest – a symbol for change

Dr. King delivers his “I have a dream…” speech

Pre-Class 5/6/10

When you hear the words “I Have A Dream”, what do you think of? What pictures come to mind? What words? What thoughts? What feelings?

Welcome!5/6/10

Today’s Agenda:

1.Pre-Class & Roll2.Share Out3.“I have a dream…”4.Discussion5.Wrap Up

Today’s Objectives:1.To learn about the

March on Washington2.To study the “I have

a dream…” speech3.To Study Malcolm X

Announcements:The CRM test is still on

May 14th (next Friday)

Remember!

This was a HUGE moment for the Civil Rights Movement! The March on Washington was meant to inspire the

nation to support a federal law for equal rights.

Analyzing the Speech Speech = 6:09

minutes

Put a star next to 1-2 parts of this speech you like. Sounds good Looks good Cool meaning, etc.

Analyzing for Purpose

Purpose: This speech was meant to inspire support for a federal civil rights law.

Turn to your neighbor and explain how what you starred (*) earlier helps that purpose.

Free Write!(Choose one and answer in 2 paragraphs)

Did MLK accomplish his purpose in this speech? Yes or no? How do you know? – Give 2 examples from this speech that support your

answer.

Remember the Purpose: To inspire support for a new federal civil rights law

Do you think this speech helps accomplish the goals of the Civil Rights Movement? Yes or no? Why? – Give 2 examples from this speech that support your

answer.

Aftermath (end of 1963-1964) Days after Dr. King delivered his speech of peace, an

angry racist white Southern group bombed the 16th St. Baptist Church in Birmingham, AL (Sept. 1963) This killed 4 girls at Sunday School

Kennedy was assassinated in November 1963

Civil Rights Act 1964 Banned discrimination in public places Banned discrimination by employers Strong enforcement powers (withholding of federal

$$$) Protected against “loophole problems” of the past.

By any means necessary…

Malcolm X

Malcolm Little• He was born in

Nebraska• Father was a black

activist– Killed by the KKK– Pushed in front of

moving street car• Mom flipped out over

dad’s murder– Mental Hospital for 26

years

Teenage Years• Dropped out of

School• Lived in Lansing, MI

• Made a living through– Drug dealing– Gambling– Robbery

• Arrested at age 20 for Armed Robbery sent to prison

Prison Years

While in prison, meets Elijah Muhammad

Elijah Muhammad is the leader of the Nation of Islam Religious group that teaches – total and complete

separation of blacks from whites Whites = blue-eyed devils Muslim connection – believed that Africans were the

original Muslims – they believed their version of Islam to be the “true” Islam

MY NAME IS MALCOLM, MALCOLM X!

Malcolm X saw the name of “Malcolm Little” as a slave name. This is why he

replaced it with “X.”

Malcolm X and the CRM

Radicalized groups of young black men in the CRM

Preached the idea of Equality by “any means necessary”

Malcolm X’s views were opposite to MLK’s Saw nonviolent movement as hurting “the cause” However, any means necessary includes peace!

Malcolm X Critical of MLK

“Who ever heard of angry revolutionists all harmonizing "We shall overcome ... Suum Day.. ." while tripping and swaying along arm-in-arm with the very people they were supposed to be angrily revolting against ? Who ever heard of angry revolutionists swinging their bare feet together with their oppressor in lily-pad park pools, with gospels and guitars and "I have a dream" speeches? And the black masses in America were - and still are - having a nightmare.”

Malcolm X in reference to the March on Washington

“If I have a cup of coffee that is too strong for me because it is too black, I weaken it by pouring cream into it. I integrate it with cream. If I keep pouring enough cream in the coffee, pretty soon the entire flavor of the coffee is changed; the very nature of the coffee is changed. If enough cream is poured in, eventually you don't even know that I had coffee in this cup. This is what happened with the March on Washington. The whites didn't integrate it; they infiltrated it. Whites joined it; they engulfed it; they became so much a part of it, it lost its original flavor. It ceased to be a black march; it ceased to be militant; it ceased to be angry; it ceased to be impatient. In fact, it ceased to be a march.”

Malcolm X on seeking equality“Be peaceful, be courteous, obey the law,

respect everyone; but if someone puts his hand on you, send him to the cemetery.”

“Nobody can give you freedom. Nobody can give you equality or justice or anything. If you're a man, you take it.”

Malcolm X on Hajj

• 1964, Malcolm X makes his pilgrimage to Mecca

• Discovers that orthodox Muslims are nothing like the Nation of Islam

• Guess what Orthodox Muslims preach?

• EQUALITY FOR ALL RACES!

• Malcolm begins to distrust the NoI – gets into fights with Elijah Muhammad over the true meaning of Islam

• Malcolm X views of white people changes due to Hajj

• Changed name to Malcolm Shabazz

The Assassination• Feb. 21st 1965

• Gunned down by 3 black members of the Nation of Islam

• Was shot 16 times

• 3 men were arrested, all have been released from prison within the last 20 years

Tear it out! Exit Ticket @ The Door!

Now you know the “ins and outs” of the non-violent approach.

What are the virtues of a non-violent approach how can it, in some ways, be more effective than using violence to solve problems/create change?

Write a half page. Show me what you’ve learned.

Separate sheet of paper, hand it to me @ the door