Science 2

Terms Quiz 3A

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a group of similar cells that have a similar function

tissue

a living being

organism

a white, tasteless, granular complex

carbohydrate

starch

the female reproductive cell

egg cell

the smallest unit of life that can exist

independently and that makes up all

living things

cell

a type of cellular respiration, not requiring oxygen, in which food is broken down into carbon dioxide and alcohol, with

the release of energy

fermentation

the production of energy through the

conversion of complex molecules into simpler ones (breaking down)

catabolism

the part of the cell that controls all the

cell’s activities

nucleus

the layer of matter that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm; the nucleus’s skin

nuclear membrane

thin layer of matter of enclosing a cell;

the cell’s skin

cell membrane

a group of atoms that are held together by

covalent or ionic bonds

molecule

a metabolic process in which energy is used to make compounds

and tissues from simple molecules

(building up)

anabolism

the part of a cell’s nucleus that

contains genetic information

chromatin

a complex natural substance that has a globular or fibrous structure, composed

of amino acids

protein

a part of a cell that has a role in

making protein

ribosome

the jellylike substance that surrounds a cell’s nucleus and holds the cell’s other structures

cytoplasm

a structure within a cell that performs a specific function to keep the cell alive

organelle

the process by which a cell nucleus divides

during cell division to form two daughter

nuclei identical to the parent nucleus

mitosis

the chemical process requiring oxygen by which living things

convert food to energy

cellular respiration

the cells produced as a result of cell division, each identical to the

parent cell

daughter cell

the cell undergoing mitosis and cell

division

parent cell

an organic compound of

carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen that is part

of many foods

carbohydrate

the chemical process by which green plants convert water and carbon dioxide

into food and oxygen using energy absorbed from sunlight or other light

photosynthesis

an inherited characteristic

trait

a trait that will appear in an offspring if

one parent contributes it

dominant trait

the study of inherited

characteristics

genetics

a trait that does not appear

when combined with a

dominant trait, and that must

be contributed by both

parents to appear in the

offspring

recessive trait

an organism that, when bred,

always produces the same trait in

its offspring

purebred

an organism that carries both the dominant and

recessive versions of a particular trait

hybrid

an organism that carries both the dominant and recessive versions of a particular trait

a part of the genetic molecule

DNA that determines a

particular trait

gene