Under the guidance ofMr. D. SRIKANTH Assistant Professor, ECE

ByP. NAYAN LALIT (107R1A0441)D. RAKESH KUMAR (107R1A0412)K. SNEHA (107R1A0420)

Simplified Secure Wireless Railway for Public Transport

What We’ll Cover Today• Objective• Introduction• Previous System Used• Proposed System• Block diagram• Hardware requirements • Flow chart • Working of the kit • Advantages and disadvantages • Conclusion and future scope

Objective

• The main objective To build a security system in the stage of ticket booking for public transport systems like Indian railways by introducing a finger print scanner at the time of booking the tickets.

• To decrease the bookings made by third parties for others to travel and ensure that the people who travel have booked the ticket on their own.

Introduction• In the New era of technology all system has to be updated, Indian Railway is the 2nd

largest Rail Network in India and is the backbone of public and goods transport in India.

• Bulk of long distance traffic is carried by the Indian Railway. We think to use fingerprint module for the add-on for user flexibility using GSM module for Communication purpose of sending and receiving message.

Previous System Used

• Earlier all ticketing was through manually issued pre-printed card tickets or paper tickets.

• As the numbers of trains run and the passengers carried increased phenomenally over the years, accounting for such a large number of tickets, posed a formidable challenge to the Indian Railways.

• In 1985, computerized ticketing for reserved tickets was introduced in Delhi. This system, known as the Passenger Reservation System (PRS), proved extremely successful.

• PRS has kept pace with emerging technologies and today you can buy a reserved ticket through the internet and through mobile phones.

Proposed System

• The person who goes for reservation has Standalone module which contains Finger Print Module verifies the person’s identity

• Using GSM before the journey message will be send to the user with information.

• At time of journey Ticket checker will verify fingerprint with previously stored data using standalone module as a part of verification.

• By this more number of papers will be saved by that can help Railway in increasing their income by saving cost of paper. No need to carry identity proof.

• Due to this complicated and bulky reservation in transport systems can be corrected

Block Diagram

EENNRROOLLLL

AARRMM77// CCOORRTTEEXX

GGSSMM

RRAAIILLWWAAYY SSTTAATTIIOONN FFOORR RREESSEERRVVAATTIIOONN

KKEEYY PPAADD FFIINNGGEERR PPRRIINNTT

MMOODDUULLEE

LLCCDD

VVEERRIIFFYY

VVEERRIIFFIICCAATTIIOONN PPUURRPPOOSSEE

Schematic diagram

Hardware requirements

• Controller (ARM7 LPC 2103).• Power supply unit• LCD• Max 232 IC• GSM• Finger print module• Keypad

• The LPC2101/2102/2103 microcontrollers are based on a 16-bit/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S CPU with real-time emulation that combines the microcontroller with 8 kB, 16 kB or 32 kB of embedded high-speed flash memory.

• A 128-bit wide memory interface and a unique accelerator architecture enable 32-bit code execution at the maximum clock rate

• Due to their tiny size and low power consumption, the LPC2101/2102/2103 are ideal for applications where miniaturization is a key requirement.

LPC2103

LPC2103 Pin Diagram

POWER SUPPLY

• To display interactive messages we are using LCD Module. We examine an intelligent LCD display of two lines,16 characters per line that is interfaced to the controllers.

• The display contains two internal byte-wide registers, one for commands (RS=0) and the second for characters to be displayed (RS=1).

• It also contains a user-programmed RAM area (the character RAM) that can be programmed to generate any desired character that can be formed using a dot matrix.

• The most commonly used ALPHANUMERIC displays are 1x16 (Single Line & 16 characters), 2x16 (Double Line & 16 character per line) & 4x20 (four lines & Twenty characters per line).

LCD

• The MAX232 is an IC that converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits.

• The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals.

• The diagram above shows the expected waveform from the UART when using the common 8N1 format. 8N1 signifies 8 Data bits, No Parity and 1 Stop Bit.

• The RS-232 line, when idle is in the Mark State (Logic 1). A transmission starts with a start bit which is (Logic 0). Then each bit is sent down the line, one at a time.

• The LSB (Least Significant Bit) is sent first. • A Stop Bit (Logic 1) is then appended to the signal to make up the transmission.

MAX 232

 RS-232 Voltage levels

+3 to +25 volts to signify a "Space“(Logic0)                                              

-3 to -25 volts for a "Mark“ (logic1).

Any voltage in between these regions (i.e. between +3 and -3 Volts) is undefined.

MAX 232 contd.• Standard serial interfacing of microcontroller

(TTL) with PC or any RS232C Standard device , requires TTL to RS232 Level converter .

• A MAX232 is used for this purpose. It provides 2-channel RS232C port and requires external 10uF capacitors.

• The driver requires a single supply of +5V

• GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is an open, digital cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services.

• GSM supports voice calls and data transfer speeds of up to 9.6 Kbit/s, together with the transmission of SMS (Short Message Service).

• GSM operates in the 900MHz and 1.8GHz bands in Europe and the 1.9GHz and 850MHz bands in the US. The 850MHz band is also used for GSM and 3G in Australia, Canada and many South American countries.

• By having harmonised spectrum across most of the globe, GSM’s international roaming capability allows users to access the same services when travelling abroad as at home. This gives consumers seamless and same number connectivity in more than 218 countries.

• The GSM architecture is nothing but a network of computers. The system has to partition available frequency and assign only that part of the frequency spectrum to any base trans receiver station and also has to reuse the scarce frequency as often as possible

GSM MODEM

Multiple Access Method TDMA / FDMA

Uplink frequencies (MHz) 933-960 (basic GSM)

Downlink frequencies (MHz) 890-915 (basic GSM)

Duplexing FDD

Channel spacing, kHz 200

Modulation GMSK

Portable TX power, maximum / average (mW) 1000 / 125

Power control, handset and BSS Yes

Speech coding and rate (kbps) RPE-LTP / 13

Speech Channels per RF channel: 8

Channel rate (kbps) 270.833

Channel coding Rate 1/2 convolutional

Frame duration (ms) 4.615

GSM technical specifications

KY-M6 Fingerprint Sensor Module is able to conduct fingerprint image processing, template generation, template matching, fingerprint searching, template storage, etc. KY-M6 proudly boasts of following features:

1. Proprietary Intellectual Property2. Wide Application Range of Fingerprints with Different Quality3. Immense Improved Algorithm4. Flexible Application5. Easy to Use and Expand6. Low Power Consumption8. Application

Fingerprint Sensor

Item Index Parameter Condition

1 Power supply 5V

2 Working current 170mA

3 Peak value current 200mA

4 Fingerprint input time < 250ms

5 1:1 matching time < 600ms Matching features + matching fingerprint

6 1:900 searching time < 2s

7 Fingerprint capacity 160 Can be extended

8FAR

(False Acceptance Rate)< 0. 001 %

9FRR

(False Rejection Rate)< 1.5 %

10 Fingerprint template size 512bytes

11 Outer interface UART/USB

Fingerprint Sensor contd.

• A keypad is a set of buttons arranged in a block or "pad" which usually bear digits, symbols and usually a complete set of alphabetical letters. If it mostly contains numbers then it can also be called a numeric keypad.

• The keypad in our project will be used to enter the telephone number of the passenger to which a message will be sent through a message .

KEY PAD

FLOW CHART STAR

T

INITIALIZING ARM7,GSM, FINGER

PRINT MODULE

ENROLL FINGERPRINT

STORE FINGERPRINT

VERIFY FINGERPRINT

START RESERVATION PROCESS

SEND A MESSAGE TO PASSANGER VIA GSM

STOP

NO

YES

NO

YES

Working of the kit

• Advantages

1. Cant tamper with finger print2. Reduce third party bookings3. Reduce anti social activities in public transport systems.4. Bring down the amount of paper i.e. eco friendly

• Disadvantages

1. Foreign particles on the finger print may cause a mismatch 2. Scanners can't recognize if the fingerprint is on a real finger or an artificial one, so it is possible to trick the scanner by using a gelatin print mold over a real

finger.

Advantages and disadvantages

• Finger print modules can be used wherever there can be a chance of a third party intervention such as bank transactions , house security systems ,etc

Applications

• Security issues in any public transport systems have to be tackled with efficient technology which will reduce the stress on the working security of the system . So the finger print modules which are used in our project provide a way to reduce the security threats in the system. Moreover in the modern era , we use efficient technologies which are also eco friendly and our project reduces a huge amount of paper work at the reservation counters . Involvement of third party bookings can be reduced by a huge extent .

• This system can be introduced in all public transport systems which facilitate long distance travelling . Finger print scanning and biometric scanners can be used in the long run to increase the security of the passengers travelling and reduce activities of anti social elements . This system can also reduce the paperwork and ensure that all third party bookings are avoided.

Conclusion and future scope

THANK YOU