ppt on chips

7/31/2019 ppt on chips

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PRESENTED BY-AAKANSHA YADAVEC 3rd year(ms)


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A tiny dust size device with extra-ordinarycapabilities such as sensing, computing,wireless communication capabilities and

autonomous power supply within volumeof only few millimeters..Often called MEMS( micro electro-mechanicalsensors)

Useful in monitoring real worldphenomenon without disturbing theoriginal process.


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so small and light in weight that they canremain suspended in the environment likean ordinary dust particle.It is very hard to detect the presence of theSmart Dust and it is even harder to get rid ofthem once deployed.


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Given by Kris Pester in 1990s.He set out to build a device having a combinationof a sensor, communication device and a smallcomputer into a single package to monitor manytypes of physical quantities such as:

Temperature

Humidity

Motion

Light Levels

Pollution etc.


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A single Smart Dust mote has: a semiconductor laser diode and MEMS beamsteering mirror for active optical transmission

a MEMS corner cube retro-reflector for passiveoptical transmissionan optical receiver

a signal processing and control circuitrya power source based on thick-film batteries andsolar cells.


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Thick film battery

Power capacitor

Solar cell

CMOS controller

Sensor

Passive transmitter

Active transmitter

Receiver


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Integration of mechanical elements, sensors,actuators and electronics on a common siliconsubstrate through micro fabrication.

Fabrication-> electronics IC process technique

->micromechanical- micromachiningprocess


9/18SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY 9

SIZE: It is difficult to fit all these devices in a small Smart Dust both

size wise and energy wise.

BATTERY: With the devices so small, battery present a massiveaddition of weight.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY: Replacing battery not an option.PRICING: Deployment is an expensive affair.

PHYSICAL SECURITY: Protection against nature and vandalism.UPGRADING: Upgrading and resetting manually not desirable.


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2 methods

Passive communication

Active communication


11/18SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY 11

PASSIVE

ACTIVE


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ACTIVEsemiconductor diode,collimating lens, beamsteering micro mirrorComparatively highpower usageUsed only for shortdurationInter mote communicationpresentLong range ~ tens of kmHigher bit rates ~ fewmbpsBase station commands &wake up the motes

PASSIVEUses corner cube retroreflector (CCR)

Low power consumption

Can be used for longerdurationInter mote communicationabsentShort range ~150 mLower bit rates ~ few kbpsMotes transmit periodicinformation automaticallyby CCR to base station


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Environmental protection (identification andmonitoring of pollution).Forest service organisation

Military application (monitoring activities ininaccessible areas, accompany soldiers andalert them to any poisons or dangerousbiological substances in the air).

In chemical plant


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Dust particles can be

spread by Unmanned

Air Vehicles (UAVs)

Data can be collected by

sending the same aircraft

over that area.


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Forest fire detectionImplementation : drop smartdust

from an airplaneMotes self-organize into a

networkUsage

A mote that detects a fire notifiescentral monitoring stationThe motes location is the

approximate location of the fire


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In evaluating the structural soundness ofbuildings and other structures.

Can act as an energy saving initiator. Ex:cansense light,temperature in a room when emptyand can provide information to switch off thelights.


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THE SIZE OF THESE DUST MOTES IS SO SMALL THAT ITS PRESENCECANNOT BE DETECTED VISUALLY & CAN BE USED FOR MISCHIEVIOUSWORKS.

IT MAY HINDER PRIVACY AND PEOPLE MIGHT ALWAYS BE AFRAID THATSOMEONE IS MONITORING THEM.

THE COST OF THESE MOTES IS QUITE HIGH.

MOTES MAY ENTER RESPIRATORY ORGANS AND MAY CAUSE SERIOUSHEALTH TROUBLES.

THERE IS A POSSIBILITY OF USED BY PEACE HATERS.

ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT.(DEAD MOTES RADIATIONS)

SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY 17


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There are many ongoing researches on Smart Dust,the main purpose of these researches is to make

Smart Dust mote as small as possible and to make itavailable at as low price as possible. Soon we willsee Smart Dust being used in varied applicationfrom all spans of life.

ppt on chips

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