ppe introduction

8/2/2019 Ppe Introduction

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POWER PLANT

ENGINEERING


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INTRODUCTION

1 kg of Uranium U235 releases as much energy as theburning of 4,500 tonnes of coal or 2000 tonnes of oil.

Power generated in India :1947 1360 MW

2007 4,25,000 MW

Total energy consumption in the world :

Coal accounts for 32.5 %

Oil accounts for 38.3 %

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INTRODUCTION

Sources of energy:

Primary energy sources Secondary energy sources

Coal, Oil, Nuclear fuels, Water Electricity

Wood Heat

Candles, Oil lamps Light

Conventional sources of energy Non-renewable sources of energy

Non-conventional sources of energy Renewable sources of energy

Fossil fuels Coal, Oil, Natural gas

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Classification of Power plants

Power plants using

conventional (non-

renewable) sources of energy

Steam power plant

Nuclear(Atomic) power plant

Diesel power plant

Gas turbine power plant

Power plants using Non-conventional(renewable)

sources of energy

Hydro electric(Hydel) powerplant

Solar thermal power plant

Wind powered

Wave power plant

Tidal power plant

Geothermal power plant

Bio-mass power plant

Ocean thermal power plant

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Existing Generating Capacity- March 2008

Fuel wise break-up

(MW)

(Excluding captive capacity of 14636 MW connected to grid)

Thermal 92,426 63.8%

Hydro 36,033 24.9%

Nuclear 4,120 2.8%

Renewable 12,194 8.5%

TOTAL 144,773 100.0%

Sector wise break-up (MW)

State

Sector

52%

Private

Sector

14%

Central

Sector

34%

Total generation in 2007-08 704.45 BU

(All figures provisional from CEA)


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CAPACITY ADDITION EXPECTED DURING 11th PLAN (2007-12) (Conventional) 78,520 MW

Thermal 59,513MW( Coal 51,890 MW, Gas- 5343 MW, Lignite- 2280 MW)

Additional capacity expected : New Renewables 14,000 MW

: Captive

12,000 MW

NUCLEAR,

3,380MW, 4%

THERMAL,

59,5130MW,

75%

HYDRO,

15,627MW,

21%


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11TH PLAN PROGRAMME (2007-2012)

(Thermal+Hydro+Nuclear)

Proposed : 78,577 MW

Expected : 78,520MW

9,263 MW capacity already commissioned

60,214 MW (77%) under construction

10,950 MW - Letter of awards yet to be placed

Fuel Availability for 96% of coal based stations tied up

88% hydro capacity under construction /commissioned

All gas based projects under execution or gas tied up fromlocal sources

Additional 13,000 MW gas based projects identified

subject to gas availability


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Installed Capacity (as on 31.03.2008)- 11125 MW

11th Plan target- 14,000 MW consisting of

Wind Power - 10,500 MW Biomass Power

BaggasseCo-generation - 2,100 MW

Small Hydro(up to 25 MW) - 1,400 MW

11TH PLAN PROGRAMME

NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY PLANTS


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Installed Capacity (as on 31.03.2008)- 11125 MW

11th Plan target- 14,000 MW consisting of

Wind Power - 10,500 MW Biomass Power

BaggasseCo-generation - 2,100 MW

Small Hydro(up to 25 MW) - 1,400 MW

11TH PLAN PROGRAMME

NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY PLANTS


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Classification of Power plants

Power plants using

conventional (non-

renewable) sources of energy

Steam power plant

Nuclear(Atomic) power plant

Diesel power plant

Gas power plant

Power plants using Non-conventional(renewable)

sources of energy

Hydro electric(Hydel) powerplant

Solar thermal power plant

Wind powered

generation(aerogeneration)

Wave power plant

Tidal power plant

Geothermal power plant

Bio-mass power plant

Oceanthermal power plant13 April 2012 10


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Simple Steam Power Plant Layout


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Steam (Thermal) Power Plant

Fuel : Coal or Oil

Main parts : Boiler, Turbine,

Generator

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Coal and Ash circuit

Pulverised coal from the storage area

(called stack) is taken to the boiler by

means of coal handling equipment such as

belt conveyors, bucket elevators etc.

Note : A thermal power plant of 400 MW

capacity requires 5000 to 6000 tonnes of

coal per day. After the pulverised coal is burnt at 15000C

to 20000C by combustion it gets collected

in the ash pit.

It is removed from the ash pit by ash

handling systems like belt conveyors, screw

conveyors etc.

Note : A thermal power plant of 400 MW

capacity requires 10 hectares area per year

if ash is damped to a height of 6.5 metres.

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Air and flue gas circuit

The air from the atmosphere gets heated in

the air preheater. The air receives its heat

from the hot flue gases passing to the

chimney.

The hot air enters the boiler and helps in

combustion of fuel in the boiler.

The flue gases, after combustion in the boiler

furnace, pass around the boiler tubes, heating

the water present in the tubes.

The flue gases then pass through a dust

collector which removes any dust or solidparticles.

The filtered flue gas passes through the

economiser and preheater and is forced out

through the chimney by a draught fan.

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Steam (Thermal) Power Plant Feed water and steam circuit

The superheated steam from the boiler enters the

steam turbine. The superheated steam temperature

is about 6000C at a pressure of 30 Mpa(300kg/cm2)

The steam expands in the turbine causing the

turbine blades to rotate. After doing mechanical

work on the blades and loosing its energy, the

steam becomes wet and the pressure of steam

becomes less. The wet steam passes through a condenser where it

completely becomes water. The condensed water

that has a temperature of 300C to 400C is collected

in a tank called hot well.

The water from the hot well is fed into the boiler

through the economiser.

The economiser preheats the water before entering

the boiler. The economiser receives its heat from

the flue gases leaving the boiler .

Preheating the feed water in the economiser

increases the boiler efficiency and helps quicker

production of steam.

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Cooling water circuit

Water is circulated around the condenser

to condense the steam coming out of the

turbine.Cooling water enters the condenser at

100C to 150C and leaves at 200C to 250C.

Plenty of water is required for

condensing the steam in the condenser.

The water may be taken from sourcessuch as river or lake.

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Advantages of thermal power plant :

Low initial cost

Since located near the load centre, the cost of transmission and the losses

due to transmission are considerably reduced.

The construction and commissioning of thermal power plant takes lesser

period. Disadvantages of thermal power plant:

Fuel is a non-renewable source of energy.

Efficiency decreases with decreasing load.

Cost of power generation is high.

Smoke produced by burning the fuel causes air pollution.

Life of thermal power plant is 25 years. The efficiency decreases to less

than 10% after its life period.

Turbines has a high running speed of 3000 to 4000 rpm.

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