JOHN DALTONModern

Atomic Theoryincludes the thermal

expansion of gases, how vapors operate at different temperatures and may expand or change pressure, and what applications these results could have.

ANTOINE LAURENT

LAVOISIER“Father of Modern Chemistry”

Inflammable air or Hydrogen

could be converted to water, or H2O, when combined with oxygen.

Lavoisier thus gave these elements the names oxygen and hydrogen, which are still used to this day.

Law of Conservation of Mass

when mass is able to change either its shape or form, the mass will remain the same no matter what.

He also was responsible for writing the first official list of elements, which he termed the "Elements of Chemistry." This was then adapted over the years to become the Periodic Table of Elements that is taught to chemistry students from a very young age.

HENRY CAVENDISH-English chemist and physicist

HYDROGEN

CAVENDISH EXPERIMENT

gave an estimate of the density of the Earth.In 1798, Henry Cavendish published his estimate

of the earth's density, which is now almost exactly what modern scientists have also deemed it to be. In many ways, he is now considered to be almost a century ahead of his time.

DMITRI IVANOVICH MENDELEEV

Periodic Table of Elements

the periodic table by placing the elements in order of increasing atomic weight (1869), Predicted the existence and properties of elements that would fill the gaps left in his chart (1871), These elements were discovered between 1875 and 1885

ROBERT BOYLEBoyle’s Law

inversely proportional relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas, as long as the gas is kept at a stable temperature.

In basic terms, if the pressure goes up, then the volume will go down.

The formula for this law is:

P1V1 = P2V2

whereas, P1 is the original or starting pressure, P2 is the final pressure, V1 is the starting volume and V2 is the final volume.

WIILIAM HENRY PERKINMordant

a substance that could make the dye stick to cotton. This discovery led to our present day synthetic dye industry.

AMEDEO AVOGADRO

Avogadro’s Law

This law states that if there are equal volumes of gas existing under equal temperatures and pressure conditions, the gas volumes will then contain correspondingly equal numbers of molecules.

ERNEST RUTHERFOR

D

formed a new method of classification for this radiation, including alpha, beta, and gamma rays.

Proton

Radioactive isotopes

JOSEPH PRIESTLY

Oxygen

first chemist to prove that oxygen was essential to combustion.

Priestley named the gas "dephlogisticated air", later renamed oxygen by Antoine Lavoisier. Joseph Priestley also discovered hydrochloric acid, nitrous oxide (laughing gas), carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide.

WILLIAM WOLLASTO

NElements Palladium and Rhodium

Radium and Polonium