pp ch30 architecture
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TRANSCRIPT
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Romanticism, Realism and Architecture
Chapters 29 and 30
Humanities 103
Instructor Beth Camp
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What is Architecture?
Context: What is the geographic, political, economic, religious,psychological, or historical context for this building?
Space: How is the building designed? How are different spaces used as they relate to FUNCTION and AESTHETICS?
Climate: How does climate affect the design of this building?
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Architecture is STRUCTURE
POST AND LINTEL= typically stone– Limited in ability to define space– Example: Stonehenge
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Architecture is STRUCTURE
ARCH = transfers stress outward– Buttress used on outside walls– Examples: early bridges, churches, mosques
Roman Arch Gothic Moorish
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Architecture is DESIGN
Line, repetition, balance– Architect may take a single design and repeat it– Result = balance or symmetry, regardless of style
Scale and proportion– SCALE = size of building– PROPORTION = how individual elements in the
overall design relate to each other Often in ratios: (2 to 1), (3 to 2) or (1 to 3)
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Architecture is DESIGN
Vitruvius (Roman architect, c. 26 CE)
Good architecture contains these elements– UTILITAS– FIRMITAS– BELLITAS
Usefulness Durability Beauty
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What is architecture?
Line, Repetition,
BalanceScale and
ProportionBuildingmaterials
Structure
Context, space and climate
Design principles
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Romanticism and Architecture
How would you expect Romanticism to influence architecture?
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Houses of Parliament and Big Ben
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Parliament
What architectural features are considered Romantic in the English Parliament? Or, in the Pavilion at Brighton that follows?
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Romantics and architecture
Neomedievalism (Gothic style)– Houses of Parliament, Big Ben
Restoration of churches and castles Exoticism (Nash, Indian Gothic)
– Royal Pavilion, Brighton
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Romantic Themes 1800-1850
Celebrates nature and natural landscape Glorifies heroism, suffering and death Supports nationalism and political
independence Emphasizes nature’s wild, mysterious, exotic,
melancholic, melodramatic aspects Stereotypes gender roles
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Realism and Architecture
How would you expect Realism to influence architecture?
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Realism and architecture
New materials meant new forms (cast iron)– First cast-iron suspension bridge, 1836– Paxton’s Crystal Palace, 1851
18,000 panes of glass 1,851 feet long
– Eiffel Tower, 1889 (1,064 feet high)
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Crystal Palace
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Crystal Palace
Visit a virtual tour at the University of Virginia
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Eiffel Tower
Source: Great Buildings Online, Everything Eiffel
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Realism and architecture
Ornamental structures functional structures New materials Steel new forms
– 1868 Equitable Life Building (6 stories)– 1880s Home Insurance building (Jenney)– 1890s Sullivan, multistory buildings
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Sullivan Building
Source: Digital Archive of American Architecture
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Realistic Themes 1800-1850
Reaction against sentimentality of Romanticism
Reaction against militarism, industrialism, colonialism
Concern for natural landscapes, rural and urban = Show nature as it truly is
Social realism (working class themes)
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Realism and Architecture 1800-1850
Reaction against sentimentality of Romanticism?
Reaction against militarism, industrialism, colonialism – but not with architecture?
Concern for natural landscapes, rural and urban = Show nature as it truly is?
Social realism (working class themes) Perhaps a blend that romanticizes labor?
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What’s Next?
As we move to the modern era over the next several weeks, notice how architecture changes in response to new ideas and new materials – keeping in mind the basics of design.
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What is architecture?
Line, Repetition,
BalanceScale and
ProportionBuildingmaterials
Structure
Context, space and climate
Design principles