702132/702835 European Architecture B

Roman Baroque

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some factors in the Baroque

the cycle of taste: freedom from classical rigidity, and the enlarged vocabulary of

Mannerism

a return of public confidence and a boost in church activity and patronage

the Counter-Reformation and the improvement of Rome

The Ecstasy of St Teresa, by Gianlorenzo Bernini, 1645-52

William Fleming, Arts & Ideas (Fort Worth [Texas] 1991), p 353

He held a long javelin of gold, with an iron tip which had a flame coming out of it. Suddenly, he pierced me to the inmost fibre of my being with it and it seemed to me that, as he

drew it out, he dragged me with it; but I felt entirely consumed by the

love of God. The pain was so great that it drew moans from me, even

though the ecstasy that went with it was so great that I would not have

had the pain withdrawn ...

THE TRANSITION: 1570THE TRANSITION: 1570--16301630

Il Gesú, Rome, begun by G B da Vignola, c

1568, and completed to cornice level by the time of his death in

1573

Scala 9122

Il Gesú, planNikolaus Pevsner, An Outline of European Architecture (Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1968 [1943]), p 233

Il Gesú: Vignola's façade design, c 1573;Giacomo della Porta's façade, completed 1584

engraving by Mario Cartaro, in Giacomo de Rossi, Insignium RomaeTemplorum, 1684; Scala 9111

Il Gesú:Giacomo della

Porta'sfaçade,

completed 1584

Rolf Toman [ed], Baroque

Architecture Sculpture Painting

(Cologne 2007 [2004]), p 14

some Baroque characteristics

1. swagger2. theatricality

3. light & shade4. depth5. unity

6. movement

Palazzo Rucellai, Florence, façade by Alberti, ?1452-1470

Il Gesú, façade byGiacomo della Porta, completed

1584 MUAS 9861; Toman, p 14

PIETRO DA CORTONAPIETRO DA CORTONA

Palazzo Pitti, Florence, ceiling fresco, Sala di Marte, by Pietro da Cortona, 1646. MUAS 5,790

Palazzo Pitti, Sala di Giove, stuccoes by da Cortona, 1643-5Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], pl 91(B)

SS Luca e Martina, Rome, by Pietro da Cortona, 1635-1650Pru Sanderson

SS Luca e Martina, Rome, by Pietro da Cortona, 1635-1650

Rolf Toman [ed], Baroque Architecture Sculpture Painting (Cologne 2007 [2004]), pp 25, 24

Sta Maria dellaPace, Rome, by

Pietro da Cortona, 1656-7: front view

Scala no 7340

Sta Maria della Pace: detail of upper façadeMiles Lewis

Sta Maria della Paceplan of the church and

piazza & contemporary view

John Varriano, Italian Baroque and Rococo

Architecture (New York 1986), pp 117, 116

Sta Maria della Pace: contemporary viewVarriano, Italian Baroque and Rococo, p 116

Santa Maria della Pace, interior & domeScala nos 9174, 9175

GIANLORENZO BERNINIGIANLORENZO BERNINI

S Andrea al Quirinale, Rome, by

Bernini, 1658-70: plan & view

Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], p 119; Toman, Baroque, p 39

S Andrea al Quirinale: plan & sectionWittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], p 119 & pl 62(B)

Baldacchino of St Peter's, Rome, by Bernini, 1624-33

Scala no 9592

St Peter's as designed by Carlo Maderno after 1602James Lees-Milne, Saint Peter's: the Story of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome (London 1967), p 240

St Peter's, Rome

Maderno's design

façade as built 1602-26

Lees-Milne, Saint Peter's, p 240; Brian Lewis 1973

St Peter's, façade with Bernini's south tower(incomplete), 1636-41

Lees-Milne, Saint Peter's, p 259

St Peter's, Bernini's design for

freestanding towers, c 1650

Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1973], p 19

St Peter's, in the early C17th before the dismantling of Bernini's tower (on Maderno's base) and the construction of the forecourt

MUAS 14,812

Papal medal of c 1657, showing Bernini's original scheme for enclosing the forecourt of St Peter's

Lees-Milne, Saint Peter's, p 270

St Peter's forecourt, schematic plan of the design shown in the papal medal, with the 'propylæum‘

(modified from) Norman Davies, Europe (London 1997 [1996]), p 571

St Peter's forecourt, by Bernini, 1657-1667, from Piranesi's C18th engravingMUAS 16,361

St Peter's and the Vatican with

Bernini’s forecourt as

executed

(modified from) Banister Fletcher, A History of Architecture on the

Comparative Method (17th ed, London 1961

[1896]), p 721

St Peter's and the forecourt, from aboveanonymous

St Peter’s forecourt, looking eastToman, Baroque, p 37

St Peter's forecourt, the colonnade:Scala 9591 9112

St Peter's: the statue of Constantine,by Bernini, 1654-8; view along the portico

Scala 959 ; Pru Sanderson

Scala Regia, Vatican Palace, by Bernini, 1663-6

MUAS 5,818

Scala Regia: detailed plansJeremy Blake, La Falsa Prospettiva in Italian Renaissance Architecture (Stocks-field [Northumberland] 1982), no page

Scala RegiaLees-Milne, Saint Peter's, p 269; MUAS 17,354

The Ecstasy of St Teresa, by Gianlorenzo Bernini, 1645-52;

plan of the sanctuary

William Fleming, Arts & Ideas (Fort Worth [Texas] 1991), p 353; Howard Hibbard, Bernini

(Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1965), pl 134

Cornaro Chapel, Sta Maria della

Vittoria, Rome, by Bernini, 1645-52

anonymous painting in the Schwerin State Museum

FRANCESCO BORROMINI FRANCESCO BORROMINI

Porta Santa, in the portico of St Peter's, Rome, by Maderno,carved by Borromini, 1619-20

Anthony Blunt, Borromini (London 1979), p 17

Palazzo Barberini, Rome, window by Borromini under Bernini, 1628-38

Blunt, Borromini, p 32

Monastery of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, from 1634, plan of wholeWittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], p 132

Church of San Carlo alleQuattro Fontane, by Borromini, 1638-41:

suggested geometrical basis of the plan

Blunt, Borromini, p 48

San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane: section & interior viewWittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], p 133.; Scala 9466 (1973)

a Roman tetraconchthe Piazza d'Oro of Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, 124, reconstruction

MUAS 13,933

S Carlo alle Quattro Fontane: views of the domeScala 9468 (1973); Millon, Triumph of the Baroque, p 38

S Carlo alle Quattro Fontane

exterior of the lantern

Scala 9470 (1973)

Oratorio di San Filippo Neri, by Borromini, 1637-49engraving & view of the façadeBlunt, Borromini, p 97; Margaret Monk, 1985

San Filippo Neri, reconstruction of Borromini’s scheme for flanking S Maria in Vallicella (by Fausto Rughesi) with a 'Pamphilj Pantheon‘,

1644T G Smith, Classical Architecture (Layton [Utah] 1988), p 30

Oratorio di San Filippo Neri, by Borromini, 1637-49, fireplace in the Sala diRecreazione: elevation, and detail of the Doric frieze and tassels

Weinreb, The Architect's Eye, p 16Anthony Blunt, Borromini (London 1979), p 105

San Filippo

Nerifireplace, general

view

Blunt, Borromini, p

104

San Filippo Nerifireplace, detail at

the sideBlunt, Borromini, p 42

reeding

darts

Roman columns, by G B Montano

Blunt, Borromini, p 42

S Ivo della Sapienza, Rome, by Borromini,

1642-50view & plan within the

Archiginnasiocomplex

Millon, Triumph of the Baroque, p 32; MUAS 5,782

S Ivo della Spienzaplan & diagram of

the geometry

Opera del ... Borromini (1720Blunt, Borromini, p 115

S Ivo, plan, & detail of the beeOpera del ... Borromini (1720)

S Ivo, cross-section & interior viewMUAS 14,146; Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], pl 69(B)

Insula of the Painted Vaults, Ostia, c AD 120: detail of the Severan painting of the domeWilliam Macdonald, Architecture of the Roman Empire II (New Haven [Connecticut] 1986), p 234

S Ivo della Sapienza, view of domeMiles Lewis

S Ivo, view of domeWittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], pl 71

S Ivo, upper part; engraving of dome surface with steps

Brian Lewis; Blunt, Borromini, p 42

S Ivo: view of dome and lantern; detail of the finial

Pru Sanderson; Millon, Triumph of the Baroque, p 54

S Ivo: view of lantern and drum; plan of lantern

Scott, 'S. Ivo alla Sapienza', p 302; Blunt, Borromini, p 40

Temple of Venus at Baalbek, c AD 273

Robert Wood, The Ruins of Balbec, otherwise Heliopolis in Coelosyria

(London 1757)

reconstruction of an ancient Roman

building, from Montano

G B Montano, Le Cinque Libri(1624-64)

Scala Regia, Vatican, by Bernini, 1665: plan and sectionPalazzo Spada, Rome, colonnade by Borromini, 1652-3

MUAS 5,818; Pru Sanderson, 1985

Palazzo Spada colonnadePru Sanderson; Blake, La Falsa Prospettiva, no page;

Blunt, Borromini, p 45

reconstruction of an ancient building, by G

B Montano

G B Montano, Le Cinque Libri

S Carlo alleQuattro Fontane,

façade by Borromini, 1665-7

Millon, Triumph of the Baroque, p 39

S Carlo: detail of the ground floor levelScala 9471

S Carloclose view of the façade.

MUAS 6,280

S Carlo, upper part of the facadeBrian Lewis

S Carlo, details: niche of c 1675, with a statue of S Charles Borromeo, by Antonio Raggi; a capital of the giant order of the façade, executed after 1667

Blunt, Borromini, p 78; Smith, Classical Architecture, p 13

S Carlo alleQuattro Fontane,

façade by Borromini, 1665-7

Millon, Triumph of the Baroque, p 39