Tissues

Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscle, Credits

Group of cells that are similar in structure and function. Study of tissues is known as Histology There are four basic types of tissues: Epithelial, Nervous,

Connective, and Muscle

Epithelium Sheet of cells that cover body surface or lines body

cavitiesForms boundary between inner and outer

environmentProtects, absorbs, filtrates, and excretes

Home, Simple, Stratified

Simple Epithelia

Composed of a single layer of cells

Functions include: absorption, secretion, and filtration

Classified by shape: Squamous, Cuboidal, and Columnar

Home, Stratified, Squamous Cuboidal, Columnar

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Single thin layer of laterally flattened cells

Simplest of the epithelial

Found where filtration and exchange of substances is a priority

Home, Simple, Cuboidal, Columnar

Endothelium

inner covering of simple epithelium

Located in capillaries

Helps exchange nutrients and waste

Home, Epithelium, Simple Squamous

Simple Cuboidal

Consists of cube shaped single layer of cells

Important for secretion and absorption

Large spherical central nuclei

Found in kidneys, ducts of small glands, and ovary surface

• Epithelium, Home, Simple,

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Single layer of column shaped cells with oval nuclei

Function is to absorb and secrete

Some have cilia which enables movement of particles

Found in bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus

Home, Squamous, Cuboidal

Pseudostratified columnar

Single layer of cells varying in heightMay give false impression of several layersSecretes and absorbsLines the trachea of the respiratory tractHome, Simple, Stratified

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Several layers of flattened cells

Thick and well-suited for protection

Subjected to much abrasion

Forms the epidermis of the skin

Home, Simple, Cuboidal Columnar

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Several layers of flattened cells

Thick and well-suited for protection

Subjected to much abrasion

Forms the epidermis of the skin

Home, Simple, Cuboidal Columnar

Stratified Cuboidal

Consists of two layers of cube shaped cells

Rarely found in the body

Found sometimes in glands

Stratified columnar epithelium

Several layers of column shaped cells

Limited distribtution throughout the body

Found in some sweat and mammary glands

Typically two cell layers thick

Home, Cuboidal, Squamous

Transitional Epithelium Resembles stratified

squamous Stretches with the organ it

lines Found in urinary bladder,

urethra, and uterus

Home, Simple, Stratified

Glandular Epithelium

One or more cells that secrete and make certain products

Mostly classified by the site of release

Either exocrine or endocrine

• Home, epithelial,

Endocrine• Often called ductless glands

• Produce hormones

• Secretion produces amino acids, proteins and steroids

Home, epithelium, glandular, exocrine

Exocrine• Secretes their products onto body surface or into

body cavities• Transports secretion to epithelial surface• Includes mucous, sweat, oil, and salivary glands

Home, epithelium, glandular, endocrine

Unicellular and multicellular exocrine glands

• Produces mucin• Contains goblet cells• Structurally complex• Supported by

connective tissue• Classified as simple or

compoundHome, epithelium, glandular, exocrine

Connective Tissue• Consists of connective tissue

proper, cartilage, blood, bone• Binds, supports, protects, and

insulatesHave a common origin, a

degree of vascularity, and an extracellular matrix

Home, cartilage, bone, blood, tissue proper

Blood• Fluid within the blood

vessels • Develops from

mesenchyme• Classified into red and

white blood cells• Transports nutrients

Home, Connective tissue

Muscle Tissue• Highly cellular tissues• Responsible for most of

the body's movements• Contains myofilaments• Three types: cardiac,

skeletal, and smoothHome, Connective tissue,

Smooth, Cardiac, Skeletal

Skeletal Muscle• Long cylindrical cells

with striations• Controls and initiates

voluntary movements• Found attached to boneHome, Connective Tissue,

Muscular Tissue, Smooth Muscle, Cardiac Muscle

Cardiac Muscle• Found only among the

walls of the heart• Contracts and propels

blood into the body• Tissues are branched and

striatedHome, Connective tissue,

Smooth, Skeletal Muscular

Smooth Muscle• Has no visible

striations• Spindle shaped• One central nuclei• Found in hollow

organs contracting and squeezing

Home, Connective Tissue, Cardiac Muscle, Skeletal Muscle, Muscle Tissue

Nervous Tissue• Main component of

brain, spinal cord, and nerves

• contains neurons• transmits electrical

signals to effectorsHome, Connective Tissue

Bone• Also known as osseous

tissue• Able to support bodily

structure• Stores marrow, calcium,

and mineralsHome, Connective Tissue

Cartilage• Tough but flexible• Avascular and lacks

nerves fibers• Chondroblast produces

new matrix until skeleton stops growing

Home, Connective Tissue

Hyaline Cartilage• Most abundant of all the cartilages• Amorphous matrix, firm with imperceptible

network of fibers• Supports, reinforces, and cushionsHome, Connective Tissue, Cartilage

Elastic Cartilage• Identical to hyaline

cartilage• Has more elastic fibers • Maintains structure

and shape with flexibility

Home, Connective tissue, Cartilage,

Fibrocartilage• Similar to hyaline

cartilage• Found where support

is most needed due to heavy pressure

• Contains rows of chondrocytes

Home, Connective Tissue, Cartilage

Connective Tissue Proper• Contains two

substances: Loose and dense connective tissue

Home, Connective Tissue, Loose, Dense

Connective tissue proper: Loose aerolar

• Wraps and cushions organs

• Holds and conveys tissue fluids

• Widely distributed• Has a gel-like matrixHome, Connective Tissue,

Adipose, reticular, Dense

Loose Connective Tissue: Adipose• Similar matrix to

aerolar with closely packed adipocytes

• Insulates, supports, and protects

• Found under the skin Home, Connective tissue,

aerolar, reticular, dense

Loose connective tissue: reticular• Loose ground

substance• Reticular fibers lying in

the same network• Supports other cell

typesHome, Connective Tissue,

aerolar, dense, adipose, dense

Dense Connective Tissue: Regular• Made of mostly fibers • Contains fibrous

connective tissue• Attaches bone to

muscle or muscle to bone

• Found in tendonsHome, Connective Tissue,

Loose, Irregular

Dense connective tissue: Irregular

• Contains thick bundles of collagen fibers

• Provides structural strength

• Able to withstand tension

Home, Connective tissue, Dense regular, Loose

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Sound and voice of Wesley House