CEMENT

Topics To Be Covered ConclusionGrades of

Cement Tests for Cement

Ball Mills & Tube Mills

Site for Cement Factory

Manufacture & CharacteristicIntroduction

Introduction

• Mixture of calcareous, siliceous, argillaceous and other substances

• It helps in fill voids between fine & course aggregate.

• It have adhesive and cohesive properties.

• It is popular as building material

• It binds fine & course aggregate together.

Characteristics Of Cement

• Color should be grey with greenish shade• It feels smooth when touched • It feel cool and warm when hand inserted in bag of Cement.• It should free from hard lumps • When immersed in water, it sinks should not float.

• Color should be grey with greenish shade

• It feels smooth when touched • Paste of cement feel sticky • It should free from hard lumps • When immersed in water, it sinks

should not float.

Properties Of Cement Physical Properties Mechanical properties Chemical Properties

• Strength to masonry Compressive strength :- • Loss of Ignition < 4%

• Excellent binding material

• At end of 3 days should not be less than 11.5 N/mm

• Sulphur content < 2.75%

• Easily workable • At end of 7 days should not be less than 11.5 N/mm

• Weight of Insoluble residue < 1.50 %

• Offers good resistance Tensile strength :-

• Possesses a good plasticity

• At end of 3 days should not be less than 11.5 N/mm

• Weight of magnesia < 1.50%

• Stiffens or hardens early • At end of 7 days should not be less than 11.5 N/mm

Site For Cement Factory

• Climatic Condition • Labour • Market • Power • Raw Material• Transport facilities

• Climatic Condition • Labour • Market • Power • Raw Material• Transport facilities

Manufacture Of Ordinary Cement

Mixing of Raw material Burning Grinding

Mixing of Raw Material

DRY PROCESS

WET PROCESS

• DRY PROCESS

• Raw material reduced to size 25 mm in crusher

• Dry air passed over dried material

• Then dried material put in ball or tube mill and become fine powder.

Note :- All operations done separately for each raw material

• Now they stored in hopper .

• Mixed in correct proportions and made ready for rotary kiln

• We get ground powder is know as raw mix.

• WET PROCESS

BURNING• Raw mix Feed into a preheating tower where it is heated.

• As raw meal moves downwards by gravity, and hot gases resulting from the

fuel combustion.

• The rotary kiln move upwards

• Kiln feed is heated from approximately 80°C up to 850°C,

• During this process, the emitted gases - which include CO2 - are cooled down

from 1,050°C to 350°C

• Afterwards to dry out the wet raw materials during the grinding process.

GRINDING• The cooling stage, gypsum is

added to the clinker and

• The mix is then finely ground

to a form of grey powder

called "cement" in a finishing

mill.

• Which is similar to a raw

material mill but relatively

larger in size.

Ball Mill & Tube Mill

Field Test For CementColour

Physical Properties

Presence of Lumps

Strength

Colour – It should be uniform that is grey with greenish shade. It is indication of excess of lime or clay. Physical properties – It should feel smooth, and it should sink not float when throw in bucket of water. Thin paste of cement fell sticky.Presence of Lumps – Cement should be free from hard lumps. Lumps formed due to absorption of moisture.Strength – Cement is used in different quantity with different size of blocks or bricks. Thick paste of cement with water is made for the thick glass and kept for 24 hours.

Varieties of Cement 1. Acid-resistant cement2. Blast Furnace cement 3. Coloured cement 4. Expanding cement 5. High alumina cement 6. Hydrophobic cement 7. Low heat cement 8. Pozzolana cement 9. Quick setting cement 10. Rapid hardening cement11. Extra rapid hardening cement 12. Sulphate resisting cement 13. White cement

Conclusion Cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens independently and can bind other material together.

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