CEMENT

CONTENTS

1) Introduction2) History 3) Composition4) Manufacturing5) Strength6) Classifications7) Test8) Applications 9) Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

The word cement has invent from the roman word ‘opus caementicium’.

Cement is the mixture of calcareous , siliceous, argillaceous and other substances.

Cement is used as a binding material in mortar and concrete , etc.

HISTORY

Portland cement invented in 1824.

Joseph aspdin (a British stonemason) invented Portland cement.

With this invention, Aspdin laid the foundation of today’s cement industry.

RAW MATERIALS (used in manufacturing of cement)

Calcium Oxide (CaO) 60 TO 65 %

Silica (SiO2) 20 TO 25 %

Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) 04 TO 08 %

Ferrous Oxide (Fe2O3) 02 TO 04 %

Magnesium Oxide (MgO) 01 TO 03 %

COMPOSITION

Tri-calcium aluminate

• Fast • Provide strength after 30 minutes

Tri-calcium silicate

• Slower • Provide strength in 3 to 14 days

Di-calcium silicate

• Slowest • Provide strength in 14 to 28 days

MANUFACTURING

Dry mixing

Burning

Grinding

Wet mixing

Burning

Grinding

1: Dry process

2: Wet process

DRY PROCESS

In this process all raw materials are ground in dry state and the resultant material is fed into kiln for burning process in form of powder.

Advantages with this processa) Less fuel consumption.b) Unit cost of product can be reduced.

Disadvantages with this processa) Achieved low quality of product.

WET PROCESS

In this process the kiln feed (mixed material) enters into the kiln in the form of slurry with a moisture content of 30-40%.

Advantages with this processa) Uniform quality can be produced.b) Dust emission can be reduced.

Disadvantages with this processa) Fuel and power consumptions are very high level.

STRENGTH OF CEMENT

Fresh cement 100 %

After 3 months 80 %

After 6 months 70 %

After 12 months 60 %

After 24 months 50 %

CLASSIFICATIONS

Rapid hardening

cement

•Increased tri-calcium silicate•Quick hardening quality

Quick setting cement

•Increased tri-calcium aluminate •Quick setting quality

Continued . . .

High alumina cement

•Mixed bauxite •Increased initial setting time

Low heat cement

•Decreased tri-calcium silicate and tri-calcium aluminate•Increased setting time

Continued . . .

Portland slag cement

•Mixed slag•Resistance to sulphates of alkali and acidic properties

White cement •Exist Iron Oxide•For achieve white colour

Continued . . .

Water proofing cement

•Mixed pudlo or impermo•To used in water proofing structure

Air entraining cement

•Mixed air entraining material (resin,oils,fats) etc.•To make mortar more workable

Continued . . .

Coloured

cement

•Mixed pigments (colours)•To achieve different colours

TEST’S

Fineness test

To measure the size of particles

of cement

Sieve’s

Consistency test

To determine the

percentage of required water

VICAT’s apparat

us

Continued . . .

Soundness test

To determine Ability of cement to maintain stable volume after

setting

Le chatelier apparatus

Setting time test

To determine the initial and final

setting time

VICAT’s apparatus

COMMON APPLICATIONS OF CEMENT (uses)

Building

e.g. (floors, roofing, columns, beams, piles, bricks, mortar and plaster etc.) Transport

e.g. (roads, pathways, crossings, bridges, tunnels, parking, sleepers, and runways etc.)

Water

e.g. ( pipes, culverts, drains, canals, dams, weirs, reservoir, tanks and pools etc.)

Civil e.g. (piers, docks, retaining wall and breast wall etc.)

CONCLUSION

It is a binder that can sets and bind other materials together

Invented by Joseph aspdin in 1824 in England

It contains (calcium oxide, silica, aluminum oxide, ferrous and magnesium oxides)

Manufacturing process consists of dry process and wet process

Rapid hardening, high alumina, slag, white, coloured, air entraining, and water proof are important types of cement

Most commonly used in building, irrigation, transportation, and other civil structures

Presented by group five.

Muhammad Hamid

Muhammad Ahmed Asad

Muhammad Imran

Ali Raza Amin

Noman naveed

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Prepared by : MUHAMMAD HAMID

Available on: WWW.SLIDESHARE.COM