powering the water industry issues and opportunities e-mail:...
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POWERING THE WATER INDUSTRY
Issues and Opportunities
E-mail: [email protected]
Phone: 0117 328 6564
Dr Jay Millington BEng (Hons) PhD
P
Regional breakdown◦UK wide◦Opportunities
Novel approaches◦Sutton Poyntz◦Esholt◦Cotton Valley
Traditional example◦Meldon Reservoir
Issues◦Banding◦ROC vs FIT and
energy recovery◦Water industry
Introduction
Photo by: Millington (2011)
UK schemesEngland N Ireland Scotland Wales UK
>5MWno. 1 - 43 6 50
S MW 5.5 - 1,114.9 136.8 1,257.2
2 to 5MWno. 1 - 30 3 34
S MW 2.6 - 93.7 12.2 108.6
500kW to 2MWno. 5 2 53 7 67
S MW 5.0 1.3 53.9 5.0 65.2
100 to 500kWno. 43 6 62 19 130
S MW 11.0 1.2 18.0 4.5 34.7
15 to 100kWno. 43 17 38 16 114
S MW 2.07 0.75 1.85 0.87 5.54
<15kWno. 77 3 28 21 129
S MW 0.49 0.04 0.17 0.15 0.86
All hydrono. 170 28 254 72 524
S MW 26.6 3.3 1,282.6 159.6 1,472.0
B
capa
city
num
ber
Growth?
Benefits for water industryGovernment strategy
◦Reduce greenhouse gases◦Provide energy security◦Investment in new technology
Green credentials ↑ Customer bills ↓
Novel approaches◦In addition to ‘win / win’ schemes◦Don’t need environmental regulation
P
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South West Water – Meldon Reservoir
Photos by: Millington (2011)
400kW Francis turbine on scour
30kW KSB centrifugal Pump-as-Turbine
Wessex Water – Sutton Poyntz
photo by: Millington (2011)Image from: Ecowave 2011,
15 m , 140 l/s 14 kW
Yorkshire Water – Esholt
Photo by: Yorkshire Water (2011)
9 m , 2700 l/s 180 kW
Anglian Water – Cotton Valley
Photo by: Millington (2011)
2.6 m , 870 l/s 15 kW
Replace FITs banding?
Under FiTs, who’s going to install 100-120kW, 500-599kW and 2-3.6MW schemes?
TURBINE ANNUAL INCOMECapacity Generation Feed-in Tariff Export Tariff LECs @ Total
kW MW h / year p / kW h £k / year @ 4.5 p/kWh 0.509 p/kWh £k / year15.000 46.9 21.0 9.9xx 2.1 0.2 12.2xx 15.001 46.9 19.6 9.2xx 2.1 0.2 11.5xx 15.853 49.6 19.6 9.7xx 2.2 0.3 12.2xx
100.000 312.7 19.6 61.3xx 14.1 1.6 77.0xx 100.001 312.7 15.5 48.5xx 14.1 1.6 64.1xx 119.991 375.3 15.5 58.2xx 16.9 1.9 77.0xx 500.000 1,563.7 15.5 242.4xx 70.4 8.0 320.7xx 500.001 1,563.7 12.1 189.2xx 70.4 8.0 267.5xx 599.362 1,874.4 12.1 226.8xx 84.3 9.5 320.7xx
2000.000 6,254.6 12.1 756.8xx 281.6 31.8 1,070.1xx 2000.001 6,254.6 4.48 280.2xx 281.6 31.8 593.5xx 3606.068 11,277.3 4.48 505.2xx 507.5 57.4 1,070.1xx 5000.000 15,636.6 4.48 700.5xx 703.6 79.6 1,483.8xx
(Not included: on-site electric use, operational costs, interest on loans…)
Downsize for max profit?Constructed pre FIT
Capacity no. S kW15 to 16kW 1 16x
100 to 120kW 16 1,826x 500 to 599kW 8 4,335x
2000 to 3600kW 26 73,857x Total 51 80,034x
Constructed pre FITCapacity no. S kW
15 to 16kW 1 16 100 to 143kW 23 2,765
2000 to 3373kW 22 59,857 Total 46 62,638
If constructed Apr 2010?kW lost £FIT extra
1 428 465 329,150 15,857 6,712,589 16,323 7,042,168
If constructed Dec 2012?kW lost £FIT extra 1 44
226A 95,602B
335 298,550 21,857 9,329,441 22,419 9,723,637
96kW
and
£65k
mor
e
1 mor
e sc
hem
e
S
Calcs?A = 1,826 – (16 x 100)B = (16 x 100 x 19.6p – 1,826 x 15.5p) x 24 x 365 x 35.7%
Input electricityROCs
◦Esholt: 10% pre-pumped flow netted off
FITs◦15kW scheme in Wales: drought
pumps 200 hours in last 12 years ineligible (& can’t opt for
ROCs)
Energy recovery ethics
£
£ £
£ £
G
Other factorsPump and system efficiency
Operation within OFWAT regulations
Identified opportunities reality
Other renewable energy sources
Conclusions If a banding system must be
used, FITs should be based on MWh generated to prevent downsizing
FITs should have an allowance for input electricity to ‘net-off’ pre-pumping as with ROCs
Energy recovery systems should be subsidised
Other factors need to be considered
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References
Millington, J. D. (2013) Powering the Water Industry. In: Booth, C. and Charlesworth, S., eds. Water Resources in the Built Environment – Management Issues and Solutions. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. (forthcoming)