power supply topologies for metering applications€¦ · power supply requirements - output •...
TRANSCRIPT
Power Supply topologies for
Metering Applications
EMEA Marketing & Application team
Agenda
• Power supply requirements
• AC/DC topologies for single- and three-phase meters
• ST component selection and usage
• Application reference designs
• AC/DC converters & controllers
• DC/DC converters
• Low-dropout voltage regulators (LDOs)
• Power MOSFETs for Metering
Metering SMPS Requirements
Power supply requirements - Input
• Single phase
• From 60 to 180 VAC
• To 265 to 300 VAC
• In short periods of time (6 hours – one week)
• To 440 to 500 VAC
• Preferred single rectifier – for non-isolated SMPS
• Poly phase
• From 60 to 180 VAC
• To 440 to 500 VAC
• Input connection
• Bridge connection – SMPS works even if only 2 wires are connected
• Single rectifier – SMPS stops working if the Neutral is disconnected
• Common requirements – high level of surge protection (4 to 6 kV)
Power supply requirements - Output
• Simple e-meter
• No communication – only measurement and data processing
• Output power: ~ 1 to 5 W
• Output voltage: 3.3/5 V – typical supply for MCU, metering, and display
• Smart e-meter – includes communication – PLC, GSM
• Output power
• Average: 2 to 6 W
• Peak power: up to 5 to 15 W
• Output voltages: 3.3/5 V and 10 to 15 V
• Concentrator
• Output power: 10 to 25 W
• Output voltages: 3.3/5 V and 10 to 15 V
Power supply requirements - Others
• Operating frequency
• The communication frequency of Smart meters is typically between 60
and 100 kHz
• Therefore, the preferred operating frequency is > 100 kHz
• Magnetic field immunity
• The SMPS must be able to survive magnetic fields up to 0.5 T!!!
• Distance of field source to SMPS – several centimeters
• Typically the SMPS must survive, but operation can be halted
• In certain cases, limited operation may also be required in this condition
e-meter
E-meter supply topology
PLM
MCU
Metrology
Human
interface
Metrology in poly
phase
SMPS
3.3/5 V
10 to 15 V
3.3/5V ISO
//
An SMPS consists of:
• AC/DC converter
• 10 to 15 V – communication – typically
directly generated by AC/DC
• 3.3/5V – MCU and other circuits
• Directly generated by SMPS
• + simple, - lower precision
• DC-DC from 10 to 15 V
• + more components, - precision
of both outputs is good
• LDO – either from unregulated output
of AC/DC or from 10 to 15 V
• 3.3V/5V ISO – mandatory for 3-phase e-
meter using shunts – either isolated DC-
DC or other output from AC/DC from
transformer
AC/DC - Topologies
AC/DC Topologies applicable for Metering SMPS
BUCK converter – eMetersFLYBACK converter
SMART meters and Concentrators
Buck Converter Limitations and Advantages
• Output
• 5 to 15 V, up to 300 mA (Viper26)
• Tolerance ±1 V
• Input
• Considering 100 V surge pulse up to 700 VDC
• It means 500 VAC
• Minimum voltage from 40 VDC (Viper06) to 100 VDC (Viper26)
• Operating frequency
• 30 or 60 kHz for Viper06
• 60 kHz for Viper16 or Viper26
• 115 kHz recommended only in case of 15 V output and no operation in CCM
• Applicable components
• Viperx6, Viperx1
Flyback Converter Limitations and Advantages
• Output
• Any voltage (typically 3.3V and 15V)
• Simple to realize more outputs
• High precision for one output (±3%)
• Power
• Altair04-900: 4 to 12 W (peak)
• Viperx1/6: 12 to 20 W
• L6566BH: Up to 30 W (in fact, not limited)
• Input maximum
• Viper: Up to 440 VAC for a limited time
• Altair04-900: Up to 460 VAC (permanent connection)
• L6566BH + 950V/1.2kV MOSFET: Up to 500 VAC
• Operating frequency
• Typically above 100 kHz (115 kHz, 100 to 130 kHz)
ST components selection and usage
RV1
L1
D5
STTH108
D4
STTH108
C5
C1
C6
L2
R6
R1
R4 R3
C3R7
GND
5 - 12V
3.3V
D1
~ACC4 PWM
Controller
R5
C8
Drain
GND
VDD FB
COMP LIM
U1
D3
C2
R2
IN OUT
GND
LR
U2
D2
C7
Simple e-Meter – Buck converter
Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier
STTH108
VIPerPlus family
Off-line converters (controller + HV MOSFET)
VIper06X, Viper06L, Viper01X, Viper11X, Viper16L, Viper26L LDK220, LDL212, ST715
Regulators
Monolithic solution
RV1
L1
C5
C1
R6
R1
R7
~ACC4
D8D2
Drain
GND
VDD
FB
COMP LIM
U1
C8
D5 STTH108
R10
C9
D6
R9
R12
D3
D7
T1
GND
R11
D4
3.3V - 5V
10V - 15V
C3
C2
PWM
Controller
Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier
STTH108
VIPerPlus family
Off-line converters (controller + HV
MOSFET)
Viper01H, Viper11H, Viper06H,
Viper16H, and Viper26H
1- phase meter, Concentrator – Flyback no isol.
Signal Schottky diodes
(30V to 80V families)
BAT*, BAR*
*6263, TMBYV*
Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier
(200V-300V 1A, 2A families)
STTH*02
Schottky diodes
(60V to 150V families)
STPS*60, STPS*80,
STPS*100, STPS*150
Transient voltage surge suppressor
(400W – 600W – 100V – 200V)
SMAJ, SMAJ6J, SMBJ, P6KE
Monolithic solution – limitation 800V MOSFET
R22~AC
R23
R7
10k
R6
R8
C3
100n
D8
Q1
STx2N95K5
T1
D9
R9
C12
C13
C422uF/35V
D3 STTH108
C9C14
ZCD11
GN
D3
OS
C13
GD4
CO
MP
9
CS
7
SS
14
MO
DE
/SC
12
VR
EF
10
DIS
8
VFF15
AC
_O
K16
Vcc
5
HV
S1
FM
OD
6U1
L6566BH
D4
C10
C8
D2
C5
C622uF/400V
RV1
D6R1
C15
D7
C1122uF/400V
R18
R4
L1
+
-
U2
D5
R20
GND
10V - 15V
3.3V - 5V
R21
1- phase meter, Concentrator – Flyback no isol
Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier
STTH108
Off-line controller
L6566BH
Signal Schottky diodes
(30V to 80V families)
BAT*, BAR*
*6263, TMBYV*
Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier
(200V-300V 1A, 2A families)
STTH*02
Schottky diodes
(60V to 150V families)
STPS*60, STPS*80,
STPS*100, STPS*150
Transient voltage surge suppressor
(400W – 600W – 100V – 200V)
SMAJ, SMAJ6J, SMBJ, P6KE
Standard OA
TS391
Discrete solution – MOSFET up to 1.5 kV available, drawback higher complexity
K5 Power MOSFET
STx2N95K5, STx5N95K5 (950V)
STx2N105K5, STx5N105K5,
STx7N105K5 (1050V)
STx1N120K5, STx8N120K5 (1200V)
~ACC3
D2D1
Drain
GND
VDD
ZCD/FB
COMP IREF S
U1 Altair04-900
C7
D6 STTH108
R5
C8
D7R4
D3
D4
T1
PWM
Controller
GND
R6
D5
3.3V - 5V
10V - 15V
C4
C2
R7C6
D8D9R8
D10D11R9
RV2
RV3
RV1
L1
C5
C1
R2
R1
R3
3-phase meter – Flyback, single rectifier
Ultrafast high-voltage
rectifier
STTH108
Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier
(200V-300V 1A, 2A families)
STTH*02
Schottky diodes
(60V to 150V families)
STPS*60, STPS*80,
STPS*100, STPS*150
Transient voltage surge
suppressor
(400W – 600W – 100V –
200V)
SMAJ, SMAJ6J, SMBJ, P6KE
Monolithic solution – simple, drawback peak power limited up to 8 – 9W
Altair04-900
Off-line converters (controller + 900V
MOSFET)
R22~AC
R23
R7
10k
R6
R8
C3
100n
D8
Q1
STx2N95K5
T1
D9
R9
C12
C13
C422uF/35V
D3 STTH108
C9C14
ZCD11
GN
D3
OS
C13
GD4
CO
MP
9
CS
7
SS
14
MO
DE
/SC
12
VR
EF
10
DIS
8
VFF15
AC
_O
K16
Vcc
5
HV
S1
FM
OD
6
U1
L6566BH
D4
C10
C8
D2
D10R2
D11
D12R3
D13
RV2
RV3
C5
C622uF/400V
RV1
D6R1
D7
C15
C1122uF/400V
R18
R4
L1
+
-
U2
D5
R20
GND
3.3V - 5V
10V - 15V
R21
3-phase meter – Flyback, single rectifier
Ultrafast high-voltage
rectifier
STTH108
Off-line controller
L6566BH
Signal Schottky diodes
(30V to 80V families)
BAT*, BAR*
*6263, TMBYV*
Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier
(200V-300V 1A, 2A families)
STTH*02
Schottky diodes
(60V to 150V families)
STPS*60, STPS*80,
STPS*100, STPS*150
Transient voltage surge suppressor
(400W – 600W – 100V – 200V)
SMAJ, SMAJ6J, SMBJ, P6KE
Standard OA
TS391
Discrete solution – MOSFET up to 1.5 kV available, no power limitation, drawback higher complexity
K5 Power MOSFET
STx2N95K5, STx5N95K5 (950V)
STx2N105K5, STx5N105K5,
STx7N105K5 (1050V)
STx1N120K5, STx8N120K5 (1200V)
C3
Drain
GND
VDD
ZCD/FB
COMP IREF S
U1 Altair04-900
C7
D6 STTH108
R5
C8
D7R4
D3D4
T1
PWM
Controller
GND
R6
D5
3.3V - 5V
10V - 15V
C4
C2RV1
RV2
RV3
- +
D2
- +
D9
R1
R8
R9
R7C6
C9
L1
C5
C1
R2
R3
3-phase meter – Flyback, bridge rectifier
Ultrafast high-voltage
rectifier
STTH108
Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier
(200V-300V 1A, 2A families)
STTH*02
Schottky diodes
(60V to 150V families)
STPS*60, STPS*80,
STPS*100, STPS*150
Transient voltage surge
suppressor
(400W – 600W; 100V – 200V)
SMAJ, SMAJ6J, SMBJ, P6KE
Monolithic solution – simple, drawback peak power limited up to 8 – 9W
Altair04-900
Off-line converters (controller + 900V
MOSFET)
R7
L1
D1
T1
D4C2
C1
GND
10V - 15V
3.3V - 5V
RV1
RV2
RV3
- +
D5
- +
D7
R1 15R
R3 15R
R5 15R
C8
C6
R11
R6
C3
R4
Q1
STx2N95K5
R16
1nF/Y1C5
R8
C4
C9
U3TL431
R12U2
R14
D3STTH108
C11
ZCD11
GN
D3
OS
C13
GD4
CO
MP
9
CS
7
SS
14
MO
DE
/SC
12
VR
EF
10
DIS
8
VFF15
AC
_O
K16
Vcc
5
HV
S1
FM
OD
6
U1
L6566BH
D6R2
R15 C12
R9
C10
R13
R17
D2
C7
R10
D8
3-phase meter – Flyback, bridge rectifier
Ultrafast high-
voltage
rectifier
STTH108
Off-line controller
L6566BH
Signal Schottky
diodes
(30V to 80V families)
BAT*, BAR*
*6263, TMBYV*
Ultrafast high-voltage rectifier
(200V-300V 1A, 2A families)
STTH*02
Schottky diodes
(60V to 150V families)
STPS*60, STPS*80,
STPS*100, STPS*150
Transient voltage
surge suppressor
(400W – 600W – 100V
– 200V)
SMAJ, SMAJ6J, SMBJ,
P6KE
ADJ Voltage
Reference
family
Discrete solution – MOSFET up to 1.5 kV available, no power limitation, drawback higher complexity
K5 Power MOSFET
STx2N95K5, STx5N95K5 (950V)
STx2N105K5, STx5N105K5,
STx7N105K5 (1050V)
STx1N120K5, STx8N120K5 (1200V)
Reference designs
Demo board - STEVAL-ISA010V1Super Wide Input Range Viper16 Buck Converter
■ Buck topology
■ Common Neutral
■ Input voltage range: 85 to 500 VAC
■ Output voltages: 12V and 5V
■ Output current (max.): 150 mA (total for both outputs)
■ Conductive EMI EN55022 Class B
■ Stand-by less than 100 mW at 230 VAC
Documentation: AN2872
R9 1k
C7 1n8
R2 750k
R5 750k
R6 750k
R8 750k
C1
150n/X2
D3
1N4007
L1 2.2mH
D5STTH108
D6
15V
D2
STTH108
C310u/450V
C910uF/35V
C5220uF/25V
L2 1mH
R1 22R
R4
9k1
R3
24k
12
J1
85 - 500VACC2150n/X2
C610uF/35V
1
2
3
J2
Output
C8
100n
D1 1N4148
3 1
2
VOUTVIN
GND
U2 L78L05
D4
1N4007
Drain7
Drain8
S1
VDD2
FB4
CO
MP
5
LIM
3
U1 Viper16
C410u/450V
R7 N.A.
21
Demo board - STEVAL-ISA105V1Power supply for energy meter and power line
modem based on Altair04-900
■ Flyback
■ Input voltage range: 90 to 480 VAC
■ Output power: 7W peak
■ Output voltages: 5, 3.3, and 12V
Documentation: AN4154
22
AC-DC converters and controllers
VIPerPlus FamilyAdvanced controller with embedded 800V Power MOSFET
Robustness and Reliability
800V Power MOSFET, thermal shutdown, soft start, OLP protection, auto-restart
Energy saving
Power consumption less than 30mW at no load
High integration
Direct feedback, jittering, HV start-up
Flexibility
power scalability up to 12W, no auxiliary winding, clamp-less design, no CM EMC filter
Output
rectification and
filtering
Input
rectification and
filtering
Feedback
..directly
from AC Mains
voltage...
.. to +/- DC bus
(3V3, 5V, 12V)
to supply:
~
Microcontroller
PWM driver
Relay
PWM
Controller
24
ST Offline Converters Overview 25
32W350mA
19W (900V)Ext RSENSE
7W700mA
4.5W1 / 1.15A
24W400mA
14WExt RSENSE
20W480/600 mA
VIPer06 VIPer16
VIPer25
VIPer26
VIPer28
VIPer27
Altair 04 Altair 05
VIPer17
800V
5W 8W 12W 15WFly-back Converter85-265VAc
VIPerPlus*7
VIPerPlus*8
VIPerPlus*5
VIPerPlus*6
Altair0*
VIPerPlus0P
VIPerPlus*1
Buck Converter 150mA 200mA 350mA
VIPer38
VIPer37
VIPer35
VIPer11VIPer01
VIPer0P
In development
26
CC/CV regulation with no opto-coupler
Avalanche rugged internal power MOSFET Internal HV start-up circuit
Quasi-resonant ZVS operation
Valley skipping at medium-light load
Burst mode operation at no-load for under 60 mW consumption
Automatic self-supply
Input voltage feed-forward for mains-independent CC regulation
Overcurrent protection against transformer saturation and secondary
diode short circuit
Low quiescent current (< 1 mA)
7W5W
ALTAIR04 ALTAIR05
Maximum output power for VIN = 85 to 265 VAC
ALTAIR04 ALTAIR05
Breakdown voltage 900 V 800 V
Resistance Drain Source
(Tj = 25°C)16 Ω 11 Ω
Minimum Drain start-up
voltage50 V 50 V
Supply voltage range 11.5 to 23 V 11.5 to 23 V
Main features
eDesignSuite supported
ALTAIR family: Off-line all-primary sensing switching regulator
Off-line converters
Altair04-900
L6566 family: Multi-mode controllers
27
Fixed frequency or quasi resonant operations Advanced light load management
On-board high-voltage start-up generator Low quiescent current (< 3 mA)
Adaptive UVLO
Line feed-forward for constant power capability vs mains voltage
Pulse-by-pulse OCP, shutdown on overload (latched or auto-restart)
Transformer saturation detection
Latched or auto-restart OVP
Brownout protection
-600/+800 mA totem pole gate driver with active pull-down during
ULVO
SO16N package
L6566A
Controllers with selectable
quasi-resonant (QR) or fixed-frequency (FF) operation
Common features
Suited
for SMPS
with PFC front end
L6566B L6566BH
Suited
for single
stage SMPS
Suited
for single
stage SMPS running off
rectified 3-phase input
line
840V high-voltage
start-up
700V high-voltage start-up700V high-voltage start-up
Programmable
frequency modulation
for EMI reduction
Programmable
frequency modulation
for EMI reduction
Switched supply
rail for PFC
controller
eDesignSuite supported
Primary controllers
Industrial: Off-line SMPS ICs
DC-DC converters
DC-DC – post regulation 29
ST1S4x ST1S5x
L6984
High-efficiency (Sync. Rect.)
Low BOM
Cost-effective
Low Stand-by Consumption (ST1S5x)
AC-DC
SMPS
DC-DC
Buck
DC-DC
Buck
11 – 15V5V
3.3V
AC-DC
SMPS
DC-DC
Buck
11 – 15V
5V
3.3V
DC-DC
Buck1.2V
ST1S31/32, ST1S12
(ST1S4x and ST1S5x)
High-efficiency (Sync. Rect.)
Low BOM
Cost-effective
Low Stand-by Consumption (ST1S5x)
Linear Regulators:
Low quiescent current LDOs30
• Ultra low quiescent current (Iq)
(down to 1.4 µA)
• Very low dropout
• Wide range of miniaturized packages
• Output current from 50 to 150 mA
• Extended input voltage range (up to 24V on
ST715)
• Maximize battery life
• Reduce standby power consumption
• Minimized PCB area occupation
• Easy design and implementation
Main benefits
LDOs
Linear Regulators:
Cost-effective LDOs32
LDK120
• 200 mA, low dropout, Noise reduction pin
• Available in SOT23-5L, SC70, and DFN6 1.2x1.3 mm
LDK130
• 300 mA, low dropout, Noise reduction pin
• Available in SOT23-5L, SC70, and DFN6 1.2x1.3 mm
LDK220
• 200 mA, low dropout
• Available in SOT23-5L, SC70, and DFN6 1.2x1.3 mm
LDKxx:
Low current (up to 300mA)
LDL112
• 1.2A, very low dropout, Reverse current protection
• Available in SO8, and DFN6 2x2 mm and 3x3 mm
LDL212
• 1.2A, very low dropout
• Available in SO8, and DFN6 2x2 mm and 3x3 mm
LDLxx:
Medium current (1.2 A)
Power MOSFETs for metering applications
34
K5 Power MOSFET Series
PowerFLAT 5*6 HV
D2PAK
Widest Super-Junction MOSFET Product Portfolio • 800V, 900V, 950V, 1050V, 1200V, up to 1500V
BEST silicon performance in the Market• Outstanding RDS(on) to optimize efficiency
Designed for High Efficiency• Ultra-low gate charge (Qg) for faster switching
• Low Ciss and Coss for reduced energy losses
Higher power density, Best-in-class RDS(on) MDmesh™ K5 series
TO-247 TO-220FP wide Creepage
MDmesh™ K5 series selection SMPS < 75 W
BVDSS[V] RDS(on)[Ω] Max ID [A] Sales Type Packages
800
3.25 2.4 STx3LN80K5 DPAK / IPAK/ TO-220 / FP
2.6 3 STx4LN80K5 DPAK / IPAK/ TO-220 / FP
1.75 3.8 STx5N80K5 DPAK / TO-220 / TO-220FP/D2PAK/I2PAK/I2PAKFP
1.15 5.6 STx7LN80K5 TO-220 / TO-220FP/DPAK, I2PAKFP /IPAK / PowerFLAT 5x6 VHV
0.90 7.2 STx9N80K5 TO-247 /TO-220 / TO-220FP/I2PAKFP/DPAK/ PowerFLAT 5x6 VHV
0.610 8.5 STx10LN80K5 TO-220/ TO-220FP/DPAK / I2PAKFP&PowerFLAT 5x6 HV
0.445 12 STx14N80K5 TO-220FP / D2PAK/I2PAKFP
900
2,1 3 STx4N90K5 DPAK / TO-220 / TO-220FP
1,10 6 STx6N90K5 DPAK / IPAK/ TO-220 / I2PAK/ TO- 220FP/TO-247
0,81 7 STx7N90K5 DPAK / TO-220 /FP/TO-247
0,68 8 STx8N90K5 D2PAK / TO-220 / TO-220FP/TO-247
950
5 2 STx2N95K5 TO-220 / FP / DPAK / IPAK
2.5 3.5 STx5N95K5 TO-220 / FP / DPAK
1.25 9 STx6N95K5 TO-220 / FP / DPAK / IPAK / TO-247/ H2PAK
0.8 8 STx10N95K5 TO-220 / TO-220FP/ TO-247/D2PAK
1050
8 1.5 STx2N105K5 DPAK;IPAK;TO-220;TO-3PF
3.5 3 STx5N105K5 TO-220 / FP
2 4 STx7N105K5 TO-247/ TO-220 / FP
1.3 6 STx10N105K5 TO-220 / TO-220FP/ TO-247
120010 1.5 STx1N120K5 TO-220
2.4 6 STx8N120K5 TO-220 /H2PAK / TO-247
35
eDesignSuite
eDesignSuite is a software platform that helps developers
select the right product for power conversion and speeds up
the design-in
AC-DC & DC-DC converters are supported by eDesignSuite
• Go to my.st.com/analogsimulator
• Register the first time and log in
• Insert your design specifications
• Get the suitable products
• Choose one, simulate and purchase
• Circuit BOM
• Electrical waveforms
• Additional information (stability, efficiency, etc.)
eDesignSuite 37
eDesignSuite 38
Defined specsComponents that can be fine-tuned
Operating
point
Waveforms Efficiency Bode
plotsLosses
split
Standard functions