power stations thermal power stations sankey diagrams world power generation tsokos p.430 qns3-7...
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![Page 1: Power stations Thermal power stations Sankey diagrams World power generation Tsokos p.430 qns3-7 11May 2012 11 Physics8.1, 8.2, 8.3 Power generationTsokos](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062409/56649f355503460f94c53cec/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Power stations
Power stationsThermal power stationsSankey diagramsWorld power generationTsokos p.430 qns3-7
11May 2012
11 Physics 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 Power generation Tsokos 7.1
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Three Gorges Dam, Hydroelectric Power Station, China (22GW- largest power plant in the world)
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Wind turbine, Denmark (40kW)
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Nellis Solar plant, USA (200kW)
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Wave generator, Denmark140kW (with 33kW wind turbines)
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Thermal Power StationA In the boiler, the fuel burns in
air, making heat.
G The heat boils the water and
turns it to steam.
E The steam travels along pipes
and steam pressure turns the
turbine.
I The turbine drives the
alternator.
H The alternator generates
electricity.
C A step up transformer
increases the voltage of the
electricity.
B The electricity travels to
homes and factories along
power cables.
D In the condenser, cooling
water cools the steam.
F The recycled water is fed
back to the boiler to be used
again.
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Power station efficiencyGenerating electricity in a typical thermal power station has an efficiency around 35%.Cyclical processes cannot convert all thermal energy to work. Excess heat can be used in combined heat and power plants.
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Degraded energy
energy lost due to cyclical process of converting heat into work (2nd law of thermodynamics)
Fossil fuel typical efficiency
maximum efficiency
coal 35% 42%
oil 38% 45%
natural gas 45% 52%
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heat engine
Tsokos p.416
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Construct a Sankey diagram for a bouncing ball of mass 1kg dropping from 1m which bounces to 70% of
its height each bounce.
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Generator (alternator)
Coil rotates in a magnetic field, kinetic energy is converted to electrical energy
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Coal-fired thermal power station, Sofia, Bulgaria (0.5GW)
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Susquehanna , Nuclear Power plant, Pennsylvania, USA (1.2GW)
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Nesjavellir, Geothermal Power Station, Iceland (0.6GW)
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Power generation
- Coal Oil NaturalGas Nuclear Hydro other Total
Electricity (TWh /year)
8,263 1,111 4,301 2,731 3,288 568 20,261
Proportion 41% 5% 21% 13% 16% 3% 100%
Source of Electricity (World total year 2008)
Sources of electricity in France in 2006