power management circuits - hanyangsoc.hanyang.ac.kr/kor/classes/undergraduate... · 2018-10-10 ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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Outline and References• Introduction
• Linear Voltage Regulators
• Charge Pumps
• Inductor-type Switching Converters
References
1. Power Management Techniques for Integrated Circuit Design, K.-H. Chen.
2. CMOS VLSI Design, fourth edition, Weste & Harris.
3. Fundamentals of Power Electronics, second edition, Erickson & Maksimovic.
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Introduction
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PMIC (Power Management IC)
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LCD Bias
PMIC
Smart Phone
PMIC
LED
PMIC
Battery
PMIC
Provide stable output voltage for electronic equipment with high power efficiency
Great increase in market
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General Structure of Power Management ICs
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PMIC – Display Applications
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LED backlight driver - Thin and light
- Simple circuit
- Mercury free
- Low voltage driving
- Low power consumption
- Low temperature operation
- Fast response: wide dimming range
- Easy channel balancing[ LED backlight driver ]
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Electric Vehicles
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Vehicle is not mechanical product anymore- It is becoming electric/electronic product
[ LED backlight driver ]
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PMIC – Mobile Applications
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Mobile system includes various functions even if its battery-based power system.
Multi-output voltages are necessary for various function blocks.
[ Smart PMIC block diagram ][ Mobile system block diagram ]
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PMIC– Mobile Applications, cont’d
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“A highly integrated power management IC foradvanced mobile applications”, IEEE JSSC 2007.by Qualcomm
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Power Management Units
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• Typical Linear Voltage Regulators
• Low Drop-Out Regulators
Linear Voltage Regulators
• Switched-Capacitor (or Charge Pump) Converters
• Inductor-Type Switching Converters
Switching Power Converters
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Linear Voltage Regulators
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Linear Regulators
(a) Regulator with source follower output stage
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_
+VREF
IBIAS ILOADC
M0
VIN
A0
VG
VOUT
VSS
(c) Common-source output stage
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Linear Regulators
Output capacitor with equivalent series resistance (ESR)
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Linear Regulators
Pass transistor types. (a) NPN Darlington, (b) NPN, (c) PNP, (d) NMOS, (e) PMOS, (f) NMOS with charge pump
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Linear Regulators
각 pass transistor type 별장단점
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Linear Regulators
(a) 기본적인 LDO regulator 의회로도
(b) pole-splitting with Miller capacitance CGD. (no output capacitor)
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Linear Regulators
(a) Large output capacitor for sudden load current variation
(b) Root locus of poles due to the output capacitor
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Linear Regulators
주파수특성을좋게하기위한 buffer stage 추가
(Buffer 추가로 pass transistor 의 gate 단에서의저항성분감소목적)
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Linear Regulators
Buffer stage 의구현예 (기본적인 source follower 회로)
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Linear Regulators
향상된 buffer 회로예 (feedback 을통한 buffer 의 output resistance 감소)
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Charge Pumps
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Charge Pump 응용예 – Flash Memory 1
NAND Flash Memory (Toshiba 1989)
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64Gb NAND Flash Memory (Toshiba 2009)
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Charge Pump 응용예 – Flash Memory 2
NAND Flash string.
(ssl: string select line, gsl: ground select line)
• word 신호들은 active low 신호임.
• 총 16개 word 신호들중선택된한개만 low, 나머지는모두 high.
• 각 bit line 들은 pull-up 되어있음.
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Floating gate NMOS transistor,
& Erase and Program operations
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Charge Pump 회로예
Diode 를사용한회로예
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CMOS 회로구현예
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Charge Pump 설계예
(잘못된설계예임. 수업시간토론목적.)
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Inductor-Type SwitchingConverters
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Inductor and Capacitor
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vL
iL1
CiCv 1
2
21 vCW
2
21
LiLW
dt
dt
(J)
(J)
C
iC
v
iL L
v
Current:
Energy:
Current:
Energy:
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Converter
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+
v(t)
-
R
Vg(t)
+
vs(t)
-
DTs Ts t
Vs(t)
Vg
On Off
offon
on
TTTCycleDuty
ggss
T
ss
Tss DVVDTT
dttvT
vs
)(1)(10
Duty Cycle
SPDT switch and a load
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Buck Converter
+
v(t)
-
C R
L
Vg
12
iL(t)
Switch1 Switch2
+
V(t)
-
C R
L
Vg
iL(t)+
V(t)
-
C R
L
Vg iL(t)
Buck Converter
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Buck Converter analysis
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Switch1
Inductor voltage and Capacitor current
Small ripple approximation :
)(tvvv gL
VVv gL
Switch2
Inductor voltage and Capacitor current
Small ripple approximation :
)(tvvL
VvL
Rtvii Lc /)(
RVIic /
Rtvii Lc /)(
RVIic /
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Inductor volt-second balance: applied to inductor over one switching period
Equation to zero and collect terms
The voltage conversion ratio is therefore
ssg
Ts
L TDVDTVVdttv ')()()(0
0)'( DDVDVg gDVV
DVVDM
g
)(
Buck Converter analysis
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Voltage ripple
t
V
Actual waveform v(t)=V+Vripple(t)
DC component V
Actual output voltage
Waveform
In a well-designed converter, the output voltage ripple is small. Hence the waveform can be easily approximated by ignoring ripple
-> Small ripple approximation
VtvVv
tvVtv
ripple
ripple
)(,
)()(
Small Ripple Approximation
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Boost Converter
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Boost Converter
Switch1 Switch2
+
V
-
C R
L
Vg
)(tiL+
V(t)
-
C R
L
Vg
)(tiL
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Boost Converter analysis
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Net volt-seconds applied to inductor over one switching period
Equation to zero and collect terms
The voltage conversion ratio is therefore
t
VL(t)
Vg
DTs D`Ts
Vg-V
sgsg
Ts
L TDVVDTVdttv ')()()(0
0')'( VDDDVg
DDVVDM
g
11
'1)(
'DV
V g
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Boost Converter analysis
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Switch1
Inductor voltage and Capacitor current
Small ripple approximation :
Switch2
Inductor voltage and Capacitor current
Small ripple approximation :
Rvivv cgL /
RViVv cgL /
Rviivvv LcgL /
RvIivVv cgL /
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Boost Converter analysis
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Capacitor charge balance
Collect terms and equate to zero
Eliminate V to express in terms of Vg
ssTs
c TDRVIDT
RVdtti ')()()(
0
0')'( IDDDRV
RDVI'
RD
VI g
'2
t
iC(t)
-V/R
DTs D`Ts
I - V/R
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Basic Buck Converter• Basic DC-DC converter without
protection circuits
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VoutL
CR1
R2
Rload
Vg
compensator
bufferand
deadtimecontroller
S-Rlatchsawtooth
wavegenerator
comparator
clock
error ampVFB
Vref
reset
S
R
Qclock
generator
Vc
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Sawtooth Waveform
• Sawtooth waveform and clock generator
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Vb
VCC
Ib
M1
clock
Comparator
Vsawtooth
C
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Buffer and Non-Overlapping Circuit
• Large power transistor requires buffer block• Non-overlapping to reduce shoot-through current in
power transistor
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Pdr_b
Ndr
VCC
VSS
VCC
VSS
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PI Compensator
• OTA and external R-C components
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1C
1R2C
OTAVc
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OTA Error Amplifier• Conventional Mirror OTA
– Load cap=10pF– Tail current=200uA, quiescent output current=400uA
• Cascoded output may be used for higher gain– Drawback: limited output swing
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VpVn
Vo
M1 M2
M3 M4
It
M0
M6
M8M7
M5
Vss414 1
Vb
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High-Performance Error Amp.• Gain Boosting Technique
• Load cap=10pF• Tail current=200uA, quiescent output current=40uA
42
VpVnVo
M1 M2
M3 M4
It
M0
M6
M8M7
M5
Vcc
Vss
M9 M10
M12M11
M13 M14
41814 1 8 1
Vb
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Current Sense Schemes• Current sense resistor in series with power transistor
• Most accurate technique• Additional resistance causes higher power loss
• Use turn-on resistance of power transistor for current sense
• Turn-on resistance varies too much for process, temperature, etc.
• Current sense circuits• accurate• Circuit design is complicated• Extra quiescent current loss
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Current Sense Circuit• Current sense circuit for Buck converter
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MP2
R
CO
L1
_ +
MS2
MR
M2 M1
MP1
MS1
MN1
VC
IO
VO
I1I1
VB
VQ
IP1IP2
Isen
Vadd
VIN
VA
VIN
VQ
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Thank you.
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