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    REPORT FOR THE INTERNSHIPPROGRAM COMPRISING OF BOTH

    PART-I AND PART-II EQUIVALENT TOFIRST AND SECOND MID

     TERM

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    400/220 kV TRANSMISSIONSUBSTATION

    OPERATED BY: 

    MADE BY:-

    ADITYA BALUNI

    120070105132

    B.TECH ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

    DEHRADUN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DEHRADUN

      SUBMITTED TO:

      Mr. DIGAMBAR 

     Asss!"#! Pr$%&ss$r

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     ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

    "Gratitude is not a thing of expression; it is ore a atter of fee!ing"

    # $ou!d !i%e to  express  &  deep  gratitude  to Mr.  '()"r G"(!")*M"#"+&r* Mr.A,s& S"r)"*  E#+#&&r*Mr.  S(/""r  R""!*(#$r E#+#&&r* Mr.

    D"r)&s D(!!*  (#$r E#+#&&r* at  PGCIL D&r"/(# S(,s!"!$# for their a'ti(e support)inputs)patien'e)'ontinuous guidan'e and 'onstru'ti(e 'riti'is$ithout $hi'h it $ou!d ha(e *een diffi'u!t for e to 'op!ete this pro+e't The&$ere generous enough to ta%e tie out of their regu!ar $or% to !end a he!ping hand$hene(er # needed one and ena*!ing e to 'op!ete this pro+e't # a!so ta%e thisopportunit& to than% a!! the inforants $ho agreed to he!p e in the stud& and for 

    ta%ing their pre'ious tie out to pro(ide e the ateria! $ithout $hi'h'opi!ation of this report $ou!d not ha(e *een possi*!e

    Last but b !" #$a!s t%$ &$ast' I a# ()at$*u& t" t%$ Training andPlacement Cell "* # +!st+tut$' %$a,$, b Mr. Sachin Pasricha*") )".+,+!( a /u+k tu)!a)"u!, t+#$ *") a&& t%$ )$/u$sts

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    TABLE OF CONTENTS

    S.NO. CONTENTS PAGENO.1. INTRODUCTION 5

    - ABOUT CORPORATION 

    5

    - O,-ECT#.ES -7- .#S#ON - M#SS#ON 2. lectrical S!"stati#n 4-25

      2." I!t)",ut+"! 4

      2.,Fu!t+"!s "* a Substat+"!

    10-11  2.6 C&ass+at+"!s "* Substat+"!s 11-15  2./ Substat+"! S+t$ S$&$t+"! 15

      2.& Substat+"! Pa)ts a!, E/u+#$!t 15-17  2.% Substat+"! P)"t$t+"! 17-20  2.+ F")#at+"! "* Substat+"! Ea)t%+!( 20-22  2. L+(%t!+!( P)"t$t+"! 22-25  3. O(er(ie$ of /001200%( Su*station Dehradun 2-

     3.",rief a*out 3ro+e't

    2 3., S'ope of 3ro+e't 2-2 3.6 A#S 2-24 3./ Coponent at Site 24 3./.1 Lightning Arrester  24-32

      3./.2 Capa'iti(e .o!tage transforer  32-35  3./.3 Wa(e Trap 35-3  3./. Gantr& 3  3./.5 Current Transforer  3-0

     3./. Dis'onne'tor  0-3 3./.7 Cir'uit ,rea%er  -53

      3./ ,us 4ea'tor  53-55  3./.4 Auto Transforer  5-

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    . Mis'e!!aneous 5-77  .1 #nsu!ator  5

      .2 Condu'tor  5-4  .3 Corona 4ing 4-70  . OLTC in Transforer  70-71

      .5 Marsha!ing ,ox 71  . S$it'hing S'hee 71-73

      .7 ,us Coup!er  7  . 3LCC 7-75  .4 SCADA 75-77

    5. Con'!usion 7

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    1. INTRODUCTION

    ABOUT CORPORATION:

    The 3o$er Grid Corporation of #ndia Liited  a 5Na(aratna6 Centra! 3u*!i'Se'tor Enterprise 73OWE4G4#D8) is an #ndian state9o$ned e!e'tri' uti!ities'opan& head:uartered in Gurgaon) #ndia 3OWE4G4#D transits a*out 0<of the tota! po$er generated in #ndia on its transission net$or%   P#$er%rid C#rrati#n #' India (imited )PO*R%RI+, 5as+!")")at$, "! Ot"b$) 23' 1676 u!,$) t%$ C"#a!+$s At'1689 5+t% a! aut%")+:$, s%a)$ a+ta& "* Rs 8'000 C)")$;subs$/u$!t& $!%a!$, t" Rs 10'000 C)")$ +! F+!a!+a&

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    re'ognied as a Miniratna 'ategor&9# 3u*!i' Se'tor nderta%ing in O'to*er ?@@> and 'onferred the status of "Na(ratna" *& the Go(ernent of #ndia in Ma&200> 3OWE4G4#D) as the Centra! Transission ti!it& of the 'ountr&) is

     p!a&ing a a+or ro!e in #ndian 3o$er Se'tor and is a!so pro(iding Open A''ess

    on its inter9State transission s&ste

    OBECTI8ES :-

     T%$ C")")at+"! %as s$t *"&&"5+!( "b?$t+.$s +! &+!$ 5+t% +ts#+ss+"! a!, +ts status as C$!t)a& T)a!s#+ss+"! Ut+&+t t"@

    U!,$)tak$ t)a!s#+ss+"! "* $&$t)+ "5$) t%)"u(% I!t$)-Stat$ T)a!s#+ss+"! Sst$#

    D+s%a)($ a&& *u!t+"!s "* &a!!+!( a!, ""),+!at+"! )$&at+!(t" I!t$)-Stat$ T)a!s#+ss+"! Sst$# 5+t%-

    Stat$ T)a!s#+ss+"! Ut+&+t+$s C$!t)a& G".$)!#$!t

    Stat$ G".$)!#$!t

    G$!$)at+!( C"#a!+$s9

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    R$(+"!a& P"5$) C"##+tt$$s

    Aut%")+t

    L+$!s$$s

    A! "t%$) $)s"! !"t+$, b t%$ C$!t)a& G".$)!#$!t +!t%+s b$%a&* 

     T" $!su)$ ,$.$&"#$!t "* a! $+$!t' ""),+!at$, a!,$"!"#+a& sst$# "* +!t$)-stat$ t)a!s#+ss+"! &+!$s *")s#""t% "5 "* $&$t)++t *)"# ($!$)at+!( stat+"!s t" t%$&"a, $!t$)s

    E+$!t O$)at+"! a!, Ma+!t$!a!$ "* T)a!s#+ss+"!

    Sst$#s R$st")+!( "5$) +! /u+k$st "ss+b&$ t+#$ +! t%$ $.$!t "* 

    a! !atu)a& ,+sast$)s &+k$ su$)-&"!$' "", $t t%)"u(%,$&"#$!t "* E#$)($! R$st")at+"! Sst$#s

    P)".+,$ "!su&ta! s$).+$s at !at+"!a& a!, +!t$)!at+"!a&&$.$&s +! t)a!s#+ss+"! s$t") bas$, "! t%$ +!-%"us$$$)t+s$ ,$.$&"$, b t%$ ")(a!+:at+"!

    Pa)t++at$ +! &"!( ,+sta!$ T)u!k T$&$"##u!+at+"!bus+!$ss .$!tu)$s

    E!su)$ )+!+&$s "* R$&+ab+&+t' S$u)+t a!, E"!"##at%$, 5+t% t%$ )+s+!( ,$s+)ab&$ $$tat+"! "* a &$a!$)'sa*$)' %$a&t%+$) E!.+)"!#$!t "* $"&$' b"t% a$t$, a!,b$!$t$, b +ts at+.+t+$s

    8ISION :-

    Keeping pa'e $ith 'hanging *usiness en(ironent) 3OWE4G4#D had set

    its .ision and a!igned its ission and o*+e'ti(es as a (anguard of foresight 

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    ")&, C&ass' I!t$()at$,' G&"ba& T)a!s#+ss+"! C"#a! 5+t%D"#+!a!t L$a,$)s%+ +! E#$)(+!( P"5$) Ma)k$ts E!su)+!(R$&+ab+&+t' Sa*$t a!, E"!"# 

    MISSION :-

    We $i!! *e'oe a G!o*a! Transission Copan& $ith Doinant Leadership inEerging 3o$er Mar%ets $ith Wor!d C!ass Capa*i!ities *&F

    Wor!d C!assF Setting superior standards in 'apita! pro+e't anageent andoperations for the industr& and ourse!(es

    G!o*a!F Le(eraging 'apa*i!ities to 'onsistent!& generate axiu (a!ue for a!!sta%eho!ders in #ndia and in eerging and gro$ing e'onoies

    #nspiring) nurturing and epo$ering the next generation of professiona!s A'hie(ing 'ontinuous ipro(eents through inno(ation and state of the art

    te'hno!og&

    Coitting to highest standards in hea!th) safet&) se'urit& and en(ironent

    2. (CTRICA( SUBSTATION

     a. INTRO+UCTION:-

    A! $&$t)+a& N$t5")k "#)+s$s "* t%$ *"&&"5+!( sst$#s@

    G$!$)at+!( Stat+"!s

     T)a!s#+ss+"! Sst$#s

    R$$+.+!( Stat+"!s

    D+st)+but+"! Sst$#s

    L"a, P"+!ts

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    I! a&& t%$s$ sst$#s' t%$ "5$) "5 "* $&$t)+a& $!$)( tak$s&a$ t%)"u(% E&$t)+a& Substat+"!s A! E&$t)+a& Substat+"! +s a!ass$#b&a($ "* $&$t)+a& "#"!$!ts +!&u,+!( busba)s's5+t%($a)' "5$) t)a!s*")#$)s' au+&+a)+$s' $t Bas+a&& a!

    $&$t)+a& substat+"! "!s+sts "* a !u#b$) "* +!"#+!( +)u+ts a!,"ut("+!( +)u+ts "!!$t$, t" "##"! busba) sst$# Busba)sa)$ "!,ut+!( ba)s t" 5%+% a !u#b$) "* +!"#+!( ") "ut("+!(+)u+ts a)$ "!!$t$, Ea% +)u+t %as $)ta+! $&$t)+a&"#"!$!ts su% as +)u+t-b)$ak$)s' +s"&at")s' $a)t%+!( s5+t%$s'u))$!t t)a!s*")#$)s' ."&ta($ t)a!s*")#$)s' $t T%$s$"#"!$!ts a)$ "!!$t$, +! a ,$!+t$ s$/u$!$ su% t%at a+)u+t a! b$ s5+t%$, ""! ,u)+!( !")#a& "$)at+"! b

    #a!ua&)$#"t$ "##a!, a!, a&s" aut"#at+a&& ,u)+!( ab!")#a&"!,+t+"!s su% as s%")t-+)u+ts A substat+"! )$$+.$s $&$t)+a&"5$) *)"# ($!$)at+!( stat+"! .+a +!"#+!( t)a!s#+ss+"! &+!$sa!, ,$&+.$)s $&$t)+a& "5$) .+a t%$ "ut("+!( t)a!s#+ss+"! &+!$sSubstat+"!s a)$  +!t$()a& a)ts "* a "5$) sst$# a!, *")#+#")ta!t &+!ks b$t5$$! t%$ ($!$)at+!( stat+"!s' t)a!s#+ss+"!a!, ,+st)+but+"! sst$#s a!, t%$ &"a, "+!ts

    ". -!ncti#ns #' a s!"stati#n

    A! $&$t)++t su& u!,$)tak+!( ($!$)a&& a+#s at t%$ *"&&"5+!(

    • Su& "* )$/u+)$, $&$t)+a& "5$) t" a&& t%$ "!su#$)s"!t+!u"us& at a&& t+#$s

    • Ma+#u# "ss+b&$ ".$)a($ "* t%$ su& !$t5")k ".$) t%$(+.$! ($"()a%+a& a)$a

    • Ma+#u# s$u)+t "* su&

    • S%")t$st "ss+b&$ *au&t ,u)at+"!

    • Ot+#u# $+$! "* &a!ts a!, t%$ !$t5")k

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    • Su& "* $&$t)+a& "5$) 5+t%+! ta)($t$, *)$/u$! &+#+ts

    • Su& "* $&$t)+a& "5$) 5+t%+! s$+$, ."&ta($ &+#+ts

    • Su& "* $&$t)+a& $!$)( t" t%$ "!su#$)s at t%$ &"5$st "st

    As a )$su&t "* t%$s$ "b?$t+.$s' t%$)$ a)$ .a)+"us tasks 5%+% a)$&"s$& ass"+at$, 5+t% t%$ ($!$)at+"!' t)a!s#+ss+"!' ,+st)+but+"!a!, ut+&+:at+"! "* t%$ $&$t)+a& $!$)( T%$s$ tasks a)$ $)*")#$,b .a)+"us' #a!ua&' s$#+-aut"#at+ a!, *u&& aut"#at+ ,$.+$s&"at$, +! ($!$)at+!( stat+"!s a!, substat+"!s

     T%$ tasks ass"+at$, 5+t% a #a?") substat+"! +! t%$ t)a!s#+ss+"!

    sst$# +!&u,$ t%$ *"&&"5+!(@

    •  C"!t)"&&+!( t%$ $%a!($ "* $!$)(

    • P)"t$t+"! "* t)a!s#+ss+"! sst$#

    • E!su)+!( st$a, stat$ a!, t)a!s+$!t stab+&+t

    • L"a, s%$,,+!( a!, )$.$!t+"! "* &"ss "* s!%)"!+s#

    Ma+!ta+!+!( t%$ sst$# *)$/u$! 5+t%+! ta)($t$, &+#+ts• V"&ta($ "!t)"&' )$,u+!( t%$ )$at+.$ "5$) "5 b

    "#$!sat+"! "* )$at+.$ "5$)' ta-%a!(+!(

    • S$u)+!( t%$ su& b )".+,+!( a,$/uat$ &+!$ aa+t a!,*a+&+t *") %a!(+!( t%$ t)a!s#+ss+"! at%s

    • Data t)a!s#+ss+"! .+a "5$) &+!$ a))+$) *") t%$ u)"s$ "* !$t5")k #"!+t")+!(' "!t)"& a!, )"t$t+"!

    • D$t$)#+!+!( t%$ $!$)( t)a!s*$) t%)"u(% t)a!s#+ss+"! &+!$s a!,t+$-&+!$s

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    • Fau&t a!a&s+s a!, +!-"+!t+!( t%$ aus$ a!, subs$/u$!t+#)".$#$!ts

    • S$u)+!( su& b *$$,+!( t%$ !$t5")k at .a)+"us "+!ts

    A&& t%$s$ tasks a)$ $)*")#$, b t%$ t$a# 5")k "* &"a,-"!t)"&$!t)$ a!, "!t)"& )""#s "* substat+"!s T%$ substat+"!s$)*")# s$.$)a& +#")ta!t tasks a!, a)$ +!t$()a& a)t "* t%$"5$) sst$#

    c. C(ASSI-ICATIONS O- SUB STATIONS

      Based ON Nat!re O' +!ties

    St$ u ") )+#a) E&$t)+a& P"5$) substat+"!@

    P)+#a) substat+"!s a)$ ass"+at$, 5+t% t%$ "5$) ($!$)at+!(&a!ts 5%$)$ t%$ ."&ta($ +s st$$, u *)"# &"5 ."&ta($ ;33'99' 11' 33kV= t" 220kV ") 400kV *") t)a!s#+tt+!( t%$ "5$)

    s" t%at %u($ a#"u!t "* "5$) a! b$ t)a!s#+tt$, ".$) a &a)($,+sta!$ t" &"a, $!t$)s

    P)+#a) G)+, E&$t)+a& P"5$) Substat+"!@

    Su% substat+"!s a)$ &"at$, at su+tab&$ &"a, $!t$)s a&"!(

    5+t% t%$ )+#a) t)a!s#+ss+"! &+!$s At )+#a) G)+, P"5$)

    Substat+"!s t%$ )+#a) t)a!s#+ss+"! ."&ta($ ;220kV ")

    400kV= +s st$$, ,"5! t" s$"!,a) t)a!s#+ss+"! ."&ta($s;110kV ") 220V= T%+s S$"!,a) t)a!s#+ss+"! &+!$s a)$

    a))+$, ".$) t" S$"!,a) P"5$) Substat+"!s s+tuat$, at t%$

    &"a, $!t$)s 5%$)$ t%$ ."&ta($ +s *u)t%$) st$$, ,"5! t" Sub11

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    Su% Substat+"!s a)$ &"at$, 5%$)$ AC t" DC "!.$)s+"! +s)$/u+)$, I! HVDC t)a!s#+ss+"! C"!.$)t+!( Substat+"!s a)$$#&"$, "! b"t% s+,$s "* HVDC &+!k *") "!.$)t+!( AC t" DCa!, a(a+! "!.$)t+!( bak *)"# DC t" AC C"!.$)t+!( P"5$)

    Substat+"!s a)$ a&s" $#&"$, 5%$)$ *)$/u$! +s t" b$"!.$)t$, *)"# %+(%$) t" &"5$) a!, &"5$) t" %+(%$) T%+s t$"* *)$/u$! "!.$)s+"! +s )$/u+)$, +! "!!$t+!( t" G)+,Sst$#s

    Based #n O&erati#n 1#ltage

    H+(% V"&ta($ E&$t)+a& P"5$) Substat+"!@

     T%+s t$ "* Substat+"! ass"+at$, 5+t% "$)at+!( ."&ta($sb$t5$$! 11kV a!, 99kV

    Et)a H+(% V"&ta($ E&$t)+a& P"5$) Substat+"!@

     T%+s t$ "* Substat+"! +s ass"+at$, 5%$)$ t%$ "$)at+!(."&ta($ +s b$t5$$! 132kV a!, 400kV

    U&t)a H+(% V"&ta($ E&$t)+a& P"5$) Substat+"!@

    Substat+"!s 5%$)$ O$)at+!( V"&ta($s a)$ ab".$ 400kV a)$

    a&&$, U&t)a H+(% V"&ta($ Substat+"!

      Based On S!"stati#n +esign

    Out,"") E&$t)+a& P"5$) Substat+"!s@

    Out,"") P"5$) Substat+"!s' t%$ .a)+"us $&$t)+a& $/u+#$!tsa)$ +!sta&&$, +! t%$ s5+t%a), b$&"5 t%$ sk E&$t)+a&

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    $/u+#$!t +s #"u!t$, "! su")t st)utu)$s t" "bta+!su+$!t ()"u!, &$a)a!$

    I!,"") E&$t)+a& P"5$) Substat+"!@

    I! I!,"") P"5$) Substat+"!s t%$ aa)atus +s +!sta&&$, 5+t%+!t%$ substat+"! bu+&,+!( Su% substat+"!s a)$ usua&& *") t%$)at+!( "* 99kV I!,"") Substat+"!s a)$ )$*$))$, +! %$a.+&"&&ut$, a)$as a!, P"5$) Substat+"!s s+tuat$, !$a) t%$ s$as;sa&+!$ at#"s%$)$ aus$s I!su&at") Fa+&u)$s )$su&ts +!F&as%".$)s=

    Based #n +esign C#ng!rati#n

    A+) I!su&at$, E&$t)+a& P"5$) Substat+"!@

    I! A+) I!su&at$, P"5$) Substat+"!s busba)s a!, "!!$t")s a)$.+s+b$ I! t%+s P"5$) Substat+"!s C+)u+t B)$ak$)s a!, Is"&at")s'

     T)a!s*")#$)s' Cu))$!t T)a!s*")#$)s' P"t$!t+a& T)a!s*")#$)s $ta)$ +!sta&&$, +! t%$ "ut,"") Busba)s a)$ su")t$, "! t%$"st I!su&at")s ") St)a+! I!su&at")s Substat+"!s %a.$

    (a&.a!+:$, St$$& St)utu)$s *") su")t+!( t%$ $/u+#$!t'+!su&at")s a!, +!"#+!( a!, "ut("+!( &+!$s C&$a)a!$s a)$t%$ )+#a) )+t$)+a *") t%$s$ substat+"!s a!, "u a &a)($a)$a *") +!sta&&at+"!

    Gas I!su&at$, E&$t)+a& P"5$) Substat+"!@

    I! Gas I!su&at$, Substat+"! Va)+"us P"5$) Substat+"!$/u+#$!ts &+k$ C+)u+t B)$ak$)s' Cu))$!t T)a!s*")#$)s'

    V"&ta($ T)a!s*")#$)s' Busba)s' Ea)t% S5+t%$s' Is"&at")s' Su)($A))$st$) $t a)$ +! t%$ *")# "* #$ta& $!&"s$, SF9 (as#",u&$s T%$ #",u&$s a)$ ass$#b&$, +! a"),a!$ 5+t% t%$)$/u+)$, C"!(u)at+"! T%$ .a)+"us L+.$ a)ts a)$ $!&"s$, +!t%$ #$ta& $!&"su)$s ;#",u&$s= "!ta+!+!( SF9 (as at %+(%

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    )$ssu)$ T%us t%$ s+:$ "* P"5$) Substat+"! )$,u$s t" 7 t"10 "* t%$ A+) I!su&at$, P"5$) Substat+"!

    Hb)+, E&$t)+a& P"5$) Substat+"!@

    Hb)+, Substat+"!s a)$ t%$ "#b+!at+"! "* b"t% C"!.$!t+"!a&Substat+"! a!, Gas I!su&at$, Substat+"! S"#$ bas +! aP"5$) Substat+"! a)$ Gas I!su&at$, T$ a!, s"#$ a)$ A+)I!su&at$, T$ T%$ ,$s+(! +s bas$, "! "!.$!+$!$' L"a&C"!,+t+"!s a.a+&ab&$' a)$a a.a+&ab&$ a!, C"st

    d. SUBSTATION SIT S(CTION

     T%$ as$ts !$$ssa) t" b$ "!s+,$)$, *") s+t$ s$&$t+"! a)$

    • Fa+)& &$.$& ()"u!,

    • R+(%t "* 5a a)"u!, t%$ substat+"! a), *") +!"#+!( "ut("+!( t)a!s#+ss+"! ,+st)+but+"! &+!$s

    P)$*$)ab& "* s"+& st)ata %a.+!( &"5 $a)t% )$s+sta!$ .a&u$s• Eas a)"a% a$ss+b+&+t *)"# #a+! )"a,s *") H$a.

    $/u+#$!t t)a!s")tat+"! a!, )"ut+!$ O M "* substat+"!

    • E"!"# C"st

     e. SUBSTATION PART AN+ 3UIPMNT

     Out,"") S5+t%a),@ - - I!"#+!( "ut("+!( &+!$s

      -Busba)s

      -T)a!s*")#$)s

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      -I!su&at")s

      -Substat+"! E/u+#$!t su% as C+)u+tb)$ak$)s' Is"&at")s' Ea)t%+!(' S5+t%$s'

    Su)($ A))$st$)s' CTs' VTsCVTs -N$ut)a& G)"u!,+!( E/u+#$!t

     -Stat+"! Ea)t%+!( sst$# "#)+s+!( ()"u!,#at' )+s$)s' $a)t%+!( st)+s' $a)t%+!( s+k$s

      -O.$)%$a, $a)t%5+)$ s%+$&,+!( a(a+!st&+(%t!+!( st)"k$s' ")' &+(%t!+!( #asts

      -Ga&.a!+s$, st$$& st)utu)$s *") t"5$)s'(a!t)+$s' $/u+#$!t su")ts

     -PLCC E/u+#$!t +!&u,+!( &+!$ t)a' tu!+!(u!+t' "u&+!( aa+t")' $t

     -P"5$) ab&$s

     -C"!t)"& ab&$s *") )"t$t+"! a!, "!t)"&

     -R"a,s' Ra+&5a t)ak' ab&$ t)$!%$s -Stat+"! &+(%t+!( sst$#

     11 33 kV S5+t%($a)@- - 33 kV Out,"") S5+t%($a)

      -11 kV I!,"") S5+t%($a)

     LT Pa!$&s@ - - L"5 ."&ta($ AC S5+t%($a)

      - C"!t)"& Pa!$&s' P)"t$t+"! Pa!$&s

     Batt$) )""#@ - - DC Batt$) sst$# a!, %a)(+!($/u+#$!t

    D+st)+but+"! sst$#

    19

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    M$%a!+a&' E&$t)+a&@ - - F+)$(%t+!( sst$# O+&u)+at+"! sst$# a!,

    Ot%$) au+&+a)+$s Substat+"!

    a)ts a!, $/u+#$!t@

    - C""&+!( 5at$) sst$#

    - T$&$%"!$ sst$#

    0 -")ks%"J st")$s $t

    P)"t$t+"! sst$#@ - - CTs' CVTs

    - P)"t$t+.$ R$&as

      - C+)u+t b)$ak$)s

    SCADA@ - -C"#ut$)M+)")"$ss")s' Data"&&$t+"! sst$#'

    Data )"$ss+!(

    - Ma!-#a%+!$ +!t$)*a$

    - E$)t sst$# $t

    '. SUBSTATION PROTCTION

    S!"stati#n %r#!nding/ arthing

     T%$ s"&$ u)"s$ "* substat+"! ()"u!,+!($a)t%+!( +s t" )"t$tt%$ $/u+#$!t *)"# su)($s a!, &+(%t!+!( st)+k$s a!, t" )"t$tt%$ "$)at+!( $)s"!s +! t%$ substat+"! H$!$ +!t$!t+"!a&

    1>

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    $a)t%+!( sst$# +s )$at$, b &a+!( $a)t%+!( )", "* #+&, st$$&+! t%$ s"+& "* substat+"! a)$a A&& $/u+#$!tsst)utu)$s 5%+%a)$ !"t #$a!t t" a)) t%$ u))$!ts *") !")#a& "$)at+!(sst$# a)$ "!!$t$, 5+t% #a+! $a)t% #at T%$ substat+"!

    $a)t%+!( sst$# +s !$$ssa) *") "!!$t+!( !$ut)a& "+!ts "*t)a!s*")#$)s a!, ($!$)at")s t" ()"u!, a!, a&s" *") "!!$t+!(t%$ !"!-u))$!t a))+!( #$ta& a)ts su% as st)utu)$s'".$)%$a, s%+$&,+!( 5+)$s' ta!ks' *)a#$s' $t t" $a)t% Ea)t%+!("* su)($ a))$st$)s +s t%)"u(% t%$ $a)t%+!( sst$# T%$ *u!t+"!"* substat+"! $a)t%+!( sst$# +s t" )".+,$ a ()"u!,+!( #atb$&"5 t%$ $a)t% su)*a$ +! a!, a)"u!, t%$ substat+"! 5%+% 5+&&%a.$ u!+*")#& :$)" "t$!t+a& 5+t% )$s$t t" ()"u!, a!, &"5

    $a)t% )$s+sta!$

    The earthing sstem in a s!"stati#n

    It )"t$ts t%$ &+*$ a!, )"$)t *)"# ".$)-."&ta($

     T" &+#+t st$ t"u% "t$!t+a& t" t%$ 5")k+!( sta +!substat+"!

    It )".+,$s &"5 +#$,a!$ at% t" *au&t u))$!ts t" $!su)$

    )"#t a!, "!s+st$!t "$)at+"! "* )"t$t+.$ ,$.+$It stab+&+:$s t%$ +)u+t "t$!t+a&s 5+t% )$s$t t" ()"u!, a!,&+#+t t%$ ".$)a&& "t$!t+a& )+s$

    It k$$s t%$ #a+#u# ."&ta($ ()a,+$!ts 5+t%+! sa*$ &+#+t,u)+!( ()"u!, *au&t "!,+t+"! +!s+,$ a!, a)"u!, substat+"!

    arth Resistance

    Ea)t% R$s+sta!$ +s t%$ )$s+sta!$ "$)$, b t%$ $a)t%

    $&$t)",$ t" t%$ "5 "* u))$!t +! t" t%$ ()"u!, T" )".+,$ asu+$!t& &"5 )$s+sta!$ at% t" t%$ $a)t% t" #+!+#+:$ t%$ )+s$+! $a)t% "t$!t+a& 5+t% )$s$t t" a )$#"t$ $a)t% *au&t P$)s"!st"u%+!( a! "* t%$ !"!-u))$!t a))+!( ()"u!,$, a)ts s%a&&

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    !"t )$$+.$ a ,a!($)"us s%"k ,u)+!( a! $a)t% *au&t Ea%st)utu)$' t)a!s*")#$) ta!k' b", "* $/u+#$!t' $t' s%"u&, b$"!!$t$, t" $a)t%+!( #at b t%$+) "5! $a)t% "!!$t+"!

    Ste& P#tential and T#!ch P#tential

    G)"u!,+!( sst$# +! a! $&$t)+a& sst$# +s ,$s+(!$, t"a%+$.$ &"5 $a)t% )$s+sta!$ a!, a&s" t" a%+$.$ sa*$ KSt$P"t$!t+a& Ka!, KT"u% P"t$!t+a&

    Ste& P#tential

    St$ "t$!t+a& +s t%$ "t$!t+a& ,+$)$!$ b$t5$$! t%$ *$$t "* a$)s"! sta!,+!( "! t%$ "") "* t%$ substat+"!' 5+t% 08 #sa+!( b$t5$$! t%$ *$$t ;"!$ st$=' t%)"u(% t%$ "5 "* $a)t%*au&t u))$!t t%)"u(% t%$ ()"u!,+!( sst$#

    T#!ch P#tential

     T"u% "t$!t+a& +s a "t$!t+a& ,+$)$!$ b$t5$$! t%$ !($)s "*)a+s$, %a!, t"u%+!( t%$ *au&t$, st)utu)$ a!, t%$ *$$t "* t%$

    $)s"! sta!,+!( "! t%$ substat+"! "") T%$ $)s"! s%"u&, !"t($t a s%"k $.$! +* t%$ ()"u!,$, st)utu)$ +s a))+!( *au&tu))$!t' +$ T%$ T"u% P"t$!t+a& s%"u&, b$ .$) s#a&&

    Usua&&' +! a substat+"! a su)*a$ &a$) "* 180 ## "* )"k;G)a.$&= "* 18 ## t" 20 ## s+:$ s%a&& b$ us$, *") t%$ *"&&"5+!()$as"!s@

    1 T" )".+,$ %+(% )$s+st+.+t *") 5")k+!( $)s"!!$&

    2 T" #+!+#+:$ %a:a),s *)"# )$t+&$s

    3 T" ,+s"u)a($ ()"5t% "* 5$$,

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    4 T" #a+!ta+! t%$ )$s+st+.+t "* s"+& at &"5$) .a&u$ b )$ta+!+!(#"+stu)$ +! t%$ u!,$) &a+!( s"+&

    8 T" )$.$!t substat+"! su)*a$ #u,, a!, 5at$) &"(($,

    g. -ORMATION O- SUBSTATION ART5IN% -

     T%$ #a+! $a)t% #at s%a&& b$ &a+, %")+:"!ta&& at a )$(u&a)sa+!( +! b"t% < ,+)$t+"!;6#= bas$, u"! s"+& )$s+st+.+t.a&u$ a!, substat+"! &a"ut a))a!($#$!t T%$ #a+! $a)t% #ats%a&& b$ &a+, at a ,$t% "* 900 ## *)"# ()"u!, T%$ $a)t% #ats%a&& b$ "!!$t$, t" t%$ *"&&"5+!( +! substat+"!

    + L+(%t!+!( ,"5! "!,ut")' $ak "* &+(%t!+!( #ast

    ++ Ea)t% "+!t "* SA' CVT+++ N$ut)a& "+!t "* "5$) T)a!s*")#$) a!, R$at")

    +. E/u+#$!t *)a#$5")k a!, "t%$) !"!-u))$!t a))+!( a)ts

    20

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    . M$ta&&+ *)a#$s !"t ass"+at$, 5+t% $/u+#$!ts

    .+ Cab&$ )aks' ab&$ t)as a!, ab&$ a)#")

     6!i&ment and Str!ct!re arthing in S!"stati#n

    += Ea)t%+!( a,s a)$ )".+,$, *") t%$ aa)atus$/u+#$!ts ata$ss+b&$ "s+t+"! T%$ "!!$t+"! b$t5$$! $a)t%+!( a,s a!,t%$ $a)t%+!( ()+, +s #a,$ b t5" s%")t $a)t%+!( &$a,s ;"!$ ,+)$ta!, a!"t%$) t%)"u(% t%$ su")t st)utu)$= *)$$ *)"# k+!ks a!,s&+$s b >8 ## 12 ## GS $a)t% at T%$ GS $a)t% at +s5$&,$, t" a MS R", )+s$) 5%+% +s "!!$t$, t" t%$ $a)t% #at +!

    ()"u!,

    ++= A&& st$$&RCC "&u#!s' #$ta&&+ sta+)s $t a)$ "!!$t$, t" t%$!$a)b $a)t%+!( ()+, "!,ut") b t5" $a)t%+!( &$a,s E&$t)+a&"!t+!u+t +s $!su)$, b b"!,+!( ,+$)$!t s$t+"!s "* )a+&s a!,#$ta&&+ sta+)s

    +++= M$ta&&+ +$s' "!,u+ts a!, ab&$ t)a s$t+"!s *") ab&$+!sta&&at+"! a)$ b"!,$, t" $!su)$ $&$t)+a& "!t+!u+t a!,

    "!!$t$, t" $a)t%+!( "!,ut")s at )$(u&a) +!t$).a& Aa)t *)"#+!t$)#$,+at$ "!!$t+"!s' b$(+!!+!( "+!ts a)$ a&s" "!!$t$, t"$a)t%+!( sst$#

    +.= A s$a)at$ $a)t%+!( "!,ut") s%"u&, b$ )".+,$, *") $a)t%+!(t%$ &+(%t+!( tu)$s' )$$ta&$s' s5+t%$s' ?u!t+"! b"$s'&+(%t+!( "!,u+ts $t

    .= A "!t+!u"us ()"u!, "!,ut") "* 19 SG GI 5+)$ +s )u! a&&

    a&"!( $a% "!,u+t )u! a!, b"!,$, at $.$) 900 ## b !"t &$sst%a! t5" tu)!s "* t%$ sa#$ s+:$ "* 5+)$s T%$ C"!,ut") +s"!!$t$, t" $a% a!$& ()"u!, bus' a&& ?u!t+"! b"$s')$$ta&$s' &+(%t+!( tu)$s $t

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    .+= Ra+&5a t)aks 5+t%+! s5+t%a), a)$ $a)t%$, at a sa+!( "*30 # a!, a&s" at b"t% $!,s

    .++= 80 ## 9 ## MS ;") "* s$+$, s+:$= at )u!s "! t%$ t"

    t+$) a!, a&& a&"!( t%$ ab&$ t)$!%$s a!, t%$ sa#$ +s 5$&,$, t"$a% "* t%$ )aks Fu)t%$) t%+s at +s $a)t%$, at b"t% $!,s at a!+!t$).a& "* 30 #t)s T%$ MS at +s !a&& a+!t$, 5+t% t5" "ats") R$, "+,$ )+#$) a!, t5" "ats "* P"st O$ )$, $!a#$& a+!t") "* s$+$, #at$)+a&

    .+++= I! +s"&at") t%$ bas$ *)a#$ +s "!!$t$, t" t%$ $a)t% #at

    h. (I%5TNIN% PROTCTION

     T%$ )"t$t+"! *)"# t%$ &+(%t!+!( +s ,"!$ 5+t% t%$ %$& "* s%+$&,5+)$ a!, &+(%t!+!( #ast ;%+(% &att+$ st)utu)$ 5+t% a s+k$ "!t"=

    Shield $ire

    S%+$&, 5+)$ &+(%t!+!( )"t$t+"! sst$# 5+&& b$ ($!$)a&& us$, +!s#a&&$) sub stat+"!s "*@

    L"5$) ."&ta($ &ass' 5%$)$ !u#b$) "* bas +s &$ss' a)$a "* t%$substat+"! +s s#a&&' %$+(%t "* t%$ #a+! st)utu)$s +s "* !")#a&%$+(%t T%$ #a?") ,+sa,.a!ta($ "* s%+$&, 5+)$ t$ &+(%t!+!()"t$t+"! +s' t%at +t aus$s s%")t +)u+t +! t%$ substat+"! ") #a$.$! ,a#a($ t%$ "st& $/u+#$!ts +! as$ "* +ts *a+&u)$;s!a+!( =

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    (ightning masts )(M,

     T%+s t$ "* )"t$t+"! 5+&& b$ ($!$)a&& us$, +! &a)($' $t)a %+(%."&ta($ sub stat+"!s 5%$)$ !u#b$) "* bas +s #")$ It %as t%$

    *"&&"5+!( a,.a!ta($s@- #t redu'es the height of ain stru'tures) as pea%s for shie!d $ire are not re:uired

    - #t reo(es the possi*i!it& of an& *a'% f!asho(er $ith the near*&

    e:uipents1stru'ture) et' During dis'harge of !ightning stro%es

    - 3ro(ides fa'i!it& for ho!ding the !ightning fixtures in the su*station for i!!uination purposes

    - Aestheti' !oo%

    S&9&6!$# $% LM &+!:

    The fa'tors to *e 'onsidered areF

    •The height of the LM $i!! *e de'ided) depending upon the height of e:uipent to *e prote'ted

    •The prote'tion one or 'o(erage area of LM in'reases $ith the in'rease of itsheight Ben'e LMs height depends upon the height of e:uipent to *e prote'ted•The prote'tion one of sae LM $ou!d *e ore if the e:uipent height to *e

     prote'ted is !ess

    H The nu*ers of !ightning asts in su*station 'an *e redu'ed *& in'reasing theheight of LM) *ut this $i!! 'ause in'rease in 'ost of stru'ture and 'i(i!foundations

    •The detai!ed ana!&sis and experien'e re(ea!ed that 0tr LM height ise'onoi'a! proposition I hen'e to *e !iited to this height

    •The insta!!ed LM in the su*station 'o(ers an area of //@ die 'ir'!e #t has2 high spi%e

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    • arth $ire

    O.$)%$a, "5$) &+!$s a)$ "*t$! $/u+$, 5+t% a ()"u!, "!,ut");s%+$&, 5+)$ ") ".$)%$a, $a)t% 5+)$= A ()"u!, "!,ut") +s a"!,ut") t%at +s usua&& ()"u!,$, ;$a)t%$,= at t%$ t" "* t%$su")t+!( st)utu)$ t" #+!+#+:$ t%$ &+k$&+%"", "* ,+)$t &+(%t!+!(st)+k$s t" t%$ %as$ "!,ut")s T%$ ()"u!, 5+)$ +s a&s" a a)a&&$&at% 5+t% t%$ $a)t% *") *au&t u))$!ts +! $a)t%$, !$ut)a& +)u+tsV$) %+(%-."&ta($ t)a!s#+ss+"! &+!$s #a %a.$ t5" ()"u!,"!,ut")s T%$s$ a)$ $+t%$) at t%$ "ut$)#"st $!,s "* t%$ %+(%$st)"ss b$a#' at t5" V-s%a$, #ast "+!ts' ") at a s$a)at$ )"ssa)# B )"t$t+!( t%$ &+!$ *)"# &+(%t!+!(' t%$ ,$s+(! "* aa)atus+! substat+"!s +s s+#&+$, ,u$ t" &"5$) st)$ss "! +!su&at+"!S%+$&, 5+)$s "! t)a!s#+ss+"! &+!$s #a +!&u,$ "t+a& b$)s;OPG=' us$, *") "##u!+at+"! a!, "!t)"& "* t%$ "5$)sst$#

    >399 ## 5+)$ +s us$, *") )".+,+!( $a)t%+!( +! &+(%t!+!( #asta!, t"5$)s

     T%$ #a+! *u!t+"! "* Ea)t% 5+)$ G)"u!, 5+)$ +s t" )".+,$)"t$t+"! a(a+!st ,+)$t &+(%t$!+!( st)"k$s t" t%$ &+!$ "!,ut")s") t"5$)s I! a,,+t+"! G)"u!, 5+)$ )$,u$s t%$ +!,u$, ."&ta($ "!a)a&&$& t$&$"# &+!$s u!,$) *au&t "!,+t+"!

    G)"u!, 5+)$ #ust #$$t t%$ *"&&"5+!( )$/u+)$#$!ts@

    9 It #ust b$ ab&$ t" a)) t%$ #a+#u# &+(%t$!+!( u))$!t5+t%"ut u!,u$ ".$)%$at+!(

    9 It #ust b$ st)"!( #$%a!+a&&

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    9 It #ust b$ %+(% $!"u(% t" a"), )"t$t+"! t" a&& t%$ &+!$"!,ut")s T%+s *u!t+"! +s a&&$, s%+$&,+!(

    9 It #ust %a.$ $!"u(% &$a)a!$ ab".$ t%$ &+!$ "!,ut")s at

    #+,-sa! t" )$.$!t a s+,$ as%".$) t" a &+!$ "!,ut")9  T"5$) *""t+!( )$s+sta!$ s%"u&, b$ &"5

    7. AN O1R1I* O- 400/22081 AIS SUBSTATION

    S5RPUR +5RA+UN

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    a. BRI- ABOUT PRO9CT

     T%+s )"?$t +s $!.+sa($, u!,$) N")t%$)! R$(+"! St)$!(t%$!+!(S%$#$-VIII ;NRSS-VIII= DEHRADUN-BAGPAT 400 V DC &+!$;1>0k#=T%$ )"?$t +s +! +ts "!st)ut+"! %as$ T%+s substat+"!tak$s +!"#+!( *)"# Ba(at at 400 V a!, )".+,$ a!a))a!($#$!t "* s+ s$"!,a) 220V &+!$s .+a t5" +!t$)-

    "!!$t+!( t)a!s*")#$) ;ICT= "* 318 MVA $a% #ak+!( t"ta&aa+t "* 930 MVA 5%+% +s t%$! ,+st)+but$, t" t%$ stat$ a($!

     T%+s Substat+"! +s )""s$, 5+t% B)$ak$) a!, Ha&* s%$#$ 5+t% I

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    t$ &a"ut a))a!($#$!t *") 400V ."&ta($ &$.$& a!, D"ub&$ Ma+!a!, T)a!s*$) Bus ;DMT= s%$#$ *") 220V ."&ta($ &$.$&

    ". SCOP O- PRO9CT

     T%$ s"$ "* t%+s s$+at+"! ".$)s t%$ *"&&"5+!(@

    C"!st)ut+"! "* 400220 V D$%)a,u! substat+"! 5+t% t%$)".+s+"!s "* *"&&"5+!( bas as $) SLD

    a 400 V bas *") t5" ;2= !"s40022033 V' 318 MVA Aut"t)a!s*")#$)s

    b 400 V bas *") t$)#+!at+"! "* 400 V Ba(at DC &+!$

    400 V ba *") 1 !" 420 V 70 MVAR Bus )$at")

    , 220 V bas *") t$)#+!at+"! "* s+ ;9= !"s 220 V &+!$s

    $ 220 V T)a!s*$) Bus C"u&$) Ba a!, 220 V bus "u&$) ba 1!" $a%

     R$/u+)$#$!t "* t%$ D$%)a,u! substat+"!@

    a 400 V a!, 220 V +)u+t b)$ak$)s' +s"&at")s' u))$!t

    t)a!s*")#$)' CVT' su)($ a))$st$)

    b 930 VA 330433 V Au+&+a) T)a!s*")#$) a&"!( 5+t% 33V+s"&at")' 30V su)($ a))$st$) 33V %")! (a *us$ t" b$"!!$t$, "! SEB su&

    3 !"s k+"sk *") 400 V a!, 8 !"s *") 220 V'BCU *")"!t)"&&+!( a!, #"!+t")+!( "* au+&+a) sst$# 1 !"

    , R$&a a!, )"t$t+"! sst$#$ PLCC sst$#

    * a.$ T)as

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    ( F+)$ P)"t$t+"! Sst$#

    % A+) C"!,+t+"!+!( Sst$#

    + LT s5+t%($a) ;ACDC ,+st)+but+"! b"a),=

     ? DG s$t

    k Batt$)+$s a!, Batt$) C%a)($)s

    & 11V ()a,$ "5$) a!, "!t)"& ab&$s a!, 33 kV ()a,$ "5$)ab&$s

    # Latt+$ a!, P+$ st)utu)$s ;(a&.a!+:$,= t"5$)s' b$a#s'su")t+!( st)utu)$

    ! Bus P"st I!su&at")s' +!su&at")s st)+!(s' &a#s a!, "!!$t")s

    " Ea)t% #ats a!, L+(%t+!( a!, +&&u#+!at+"! sst$# *") s5+t%a),a!, a)$as

    CO2 t$ 48 k( )$ $t+!(u+s%$)s +! $a% k+"sk

    / Ot%$) $/u+#$!ts )$/u+)$, *") t%$ #$!t+"!$, )$/u+)$#$!ts

    c. Air Ins!lated S!"stati#n )AIS, T%$ AIS us$s a+) as t%$ )+#a) ,+$&$t)+ *)"# %as$ t" %as$'a!, %as$ t" ()"u!, +!su&at+"! T%$ %a.$ b$$! +! us$ *") $a)sb$*")$ t%$ +!t)",ut+"! "* GIS

    Atua&&' #"st substat+"!s a)"ss a&& )$(+"!s a)$ AIS T%$ a)$ +!$t$!s+.$ us$ +! a)$as 5%$)$ sa$' 5$at%$) "!,+t+"!s' s$+s#+"u))$!$s' a!, $!.+)"!#$!ta& "!$)!s a)$ !"t a! +ssu$ su%as )u)a& a)$as' a!, *a.")ab&$ "s+t$ t$))a+!

     T%$ +!,"") AIS .$)s+"! +s "!& us$, +! %+(%& "&&ut$, a)$as' a!,sa&+!$ "!,+t+"!s' as t%$ a+) /ua&+t +s "#)"#+s$,

    27

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    A/"#!"+&s:

    ? The priar& 'hoi'e for areas $ith extensi(e spa'e

    2 With :ua!it& design) the s&ste is (ia*!e due to the !o$ 'onstru'tion 'osts and'ost of s$it'hgear 

    Less 'onstru'tion tie) there*& ore suited for expedited insta!!ations

    / Eas& aintenan'e as a!! the e:uipent is $ithin (ie$ #t is eas& to noti'e andattend to fau!ts

    S'ope of future expansion

    d. COMPONNTS AT SIT

    1. LIGTHNING ARRESTOR 

    26

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    #t is the first e:uipent in a su*station Su*station design in(o!(es ore than oneinsta!!ing apparatus) prote'ti(e de(i'es and e:uipent The signifi'ant oentar&in(estent and re:uired re!ia*!e 'ontinuous operation of the fa'i!it& re:uiresdetai!ed attention to pre(enting surges fro entering the su*station fa'i!it& Theeffe'ts of distur*an'es $ith !iiting in a po$er s&ste) $hi'h if a!!o$ed to persist)a& daage p!ant and interrupt the supp!& of e!e'tri'a! energ& Lightning is one of the ost serious 'auses of o(er (o!tage #f the po$er e:uipent espe'ia!!& atoutdoor su*station is not prote'ted) the o(er9(o!tage $i!! 'ause *urning of insu!ation Thus it resu!ts into 'op!ete shutdo$n of the po$er and the !oss a&run into 'ores of %&at E!e'tri'a! e:uipent 'an *e daaged due to o(er9(o!tagesu'h as s$it'hing surge o(er9(o!tage) Lightning surge o(er9(o!tage) transientre'o(er& (o!tage and po$er fre:uen'& teporar& o(er9(o!tage in transission !ineand re'ei(ing end of su*station #t is iportant to prote't po$er e:uipent against

    30

  • 8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report

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    the $here(er possi*!e Lightning Arrester 'an prote't the daages of e!e'tri'a!e:uipents

    . R"!#+:

    S.

    N$D&s6r;!$# R"!#+

    00 220

    ? 4ated (o!tage of arrester K.7rs8 /20 220

    2 4ated fre:uen'& 0 0

    No of po!es ? ?

    / Max a*ient teperature 7'entigrade8 0 0

    Min Creepage distan'e 78 ?000 ?2

    Ju!! insu!ation !e(e! for arrester housing ) %.7pea%8 ?/2 ?00

    S$it'hing ipu!se $ithstand (o!tage 7201200i'ro

    se'ond8 dr& and $et K. 7pea%8

    ?00 :

     > ? inute po$er fre:uen'& 7dr&8 $ithstand (o!tage of arrestor 7%. rs8

    0 490

    31

  • 8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report

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    @ Max radio interferen'e (o!tage for fre:uen'& *et$een

    0 Mh and 2Mh at 2 K. rs 7i'ro (o!ts8

    00 800

    ?0 S&ste neutra! earthing Effe'ti(e!&

    earthed

    E$t+.

    $&$a)t%$,

    . O;&r"!#+ Pr#6;9&:

    Lightening arrester $or%s on a prin'ip!e of non9Linear resistan'e The nO7in'Oxide8 inside the LA) 'onne'ts the 'orner ring $ith the ground #n nora! (o!tagenO *eha(es as insu!ator Bo$e(er) $hen ipu!se (o!tage !i%e Lightening1surge

    stri%es on transission !ine) nO e!ts do$n and 'reates a 'ondu'ti(e path of n *et$een !ine and ground Thus it dispat'hes extra 'harge to ground

    .

  • 8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report

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    A 'apa'itor (o!tage transforer 'onsists of a Capa'itor .o!tage Di(ider 7C.D8 andan indu'ti(e #nterediate .o!tage Transforer 7#.T8 The #.T (o!tage !e(e! of 'apa'itor (o!tage transforers is a*out 221 %.) and the rated (o!tage of the'op!ete 'apa'itor (o!tage transforer deterines the ratio at the 'apa'itor (o!tage di(ider

    #t is ore 'on(enient to a%e an #ndu'ti(e (o!tage transforer for !o$er (o!tage!e(e!s and !et the C.D ta%e 'are of the high (o!tage

    The ratio of the 'apa'iti(e di(ider is

    33

  • 8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report

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    The ratio of the interediate (o!tage transforer is

    The tota! ratio fa'tor is therefore

    K? is nora!!& 'hosen to gi(e E2 221 %.

    Thus for different priar& (o!tages) on!& C? differs and a standard interediatetransforer 'an *e used for a!! priar& (o!tages The interediate (o!tagetransforer 7#.T8 a!so 'ontains rea'tors for 'opensation of the 'apa'iti(e (o!tageregu!ation

    The 'apa'itor (o!tage transforer has a dou*!e fun'tion) one for etering1prote'tion and one for po$er !ine 'ouni'ations 73LC8

    . R"!#+:

    S.

    N$

    D&s6r;!$# R"!#+

    00 220

    ? 4ated (o!tage of C.T K.7rs8 /20 220

    2 4ated fre:uen'& 0 0

    No of po!es ?

    / Max a*ient teperature 7'entigrade8 0 0

    Min Creepage distan'e 78 ?000 ?2

    Ju!! insu!ation !e(e! *et$een !ines and ground of ?/2 ?00

    34

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    C.T ) %.7pea%8

    S$it'hing ipu!se $ithstand (o!tage 7201200i'ro

    se'ond8 dr& and $et *et$een !ines and ground of 

    C.T K. 7pea%8

    ?00 :

     > ? inute po$er fre:uen'& 7dr&8 $ithstand (o!tage7%.

    rs8

    0 490

    @ Corona extin'tion (o!tage7K. rs8 20in   

    ?0 Max radio interferen'e (o!tage for fre:uen'& *et$een

    0 Mh and 2Mh at 2 K. rs 7i'ro (o!ts8

    ?000 1000

    ?? S&ste neutra! earthing Effe'ti(e!&

    earthed

    E$t+.

    $&

    $a)t%$,

    . O;&r"!#+ Pr#6;9&:

    The sip!ified 'ir'uit for C.T is9

    C.T are used to step do$n EB. *& using 'apa'itors to pro(ide !o$ (o!tage signa!either for easureent or to operate a prote'ti(e re!a& Capa'itan'e sp!it the EB.and axiu (o!tage appears a'ross it L tunes the de(i'e to !ine fre:uen'&

    #n pra'ti'e) C? is a series of (arious sa!! 'apa'itors

    .

  • 8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report

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    3.

  • 8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report

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    4. %ANTR; 

     T%$ +!"#+!( ") "ut("+!( $&$t)+a& +)u+t t$)#+!at$s "! (a!t)

     5. CURRENT TRANSFORMERS

     T%$ u))$!t t)a!s*")#$)s +!")")at$, +!t" t%$ AIS a)$ us$, *")

    )"t$t+.$ )$&a+!( a!, #$t$)+!( a!, a)$ "* #$ta&-$!&"s$, t$

     T%$ s$"!,a) 5+!,+!(s a)$ a+) +!su&at$, a!, #"u!t$, +!s+,$

    #$ta& $!&"su)$ T%$ Cu))$!t t)a!s*")#$)s a)$ )".+,$, 5+t% t%$

    t)a!s*")#at+"! )at+" "*@ 8001 A t" 30001 A *") 400 V a!, 7001

    t"  19001*")220V A&& u))$!t t)a!s*")#$)s %a.$ $$t+.$

    $&$t)"#a(!$t+ s%+$&,s t" )"t$t a(a+!st %+(% *)$/u$!

    t)a!s+$!ts T%$ u))$!t t)a!s*")#$)s a)$ $)+",+a&& &$a!$, *)"#

    "uts+,$ t" a."+, ,ust &a$) *")#at+"! T%$ u))$!t t)a!s*")#$)s

    a)$ )".+,$, +! a&& t%$ +!"#+!( bas T%$ s$"!,a) 5+!,+!(s "* 

    t%$s$ CTs a)$ "!!$t$, t" )"t$t+"! a!, #$asu)$#$!t +)u+ts

    3>

  • 8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report

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    37

  • 8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report

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    ? 3rote'ti(e 'ap

    2 ,e!o$

    3riar& terina!s

    / A'ti(e part

    #nsu!ator 

    . R"!#+:

    36

  • 8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report

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    S.

    N$

    D&s6r;!$# R"!#+

    00 220

    ? 4ated (o!tage of CT K.7rs8 /20 220

    2 T&pe SAS /20 OSF-248

    #nsu!ation !e(e! 01?/2K. 4901080V

    / 4ated 'ontinuous 'urrent 00A    

    Short tie 'urrent rating /010 %A1? se' 40A1 s$

    SJ gas $eight1 Oi! $eight /> %g 190(

    4ated fre:uen'& 0 0

    > No of po!es ? ?

    @ Max a*ient teperature 7'entigrade8 0 0

    ?0 Min Creepage distan'e 78 ?000 ?2

    ?? Ju!! insu!ation !e(e! *et$een !ines and

    ground of CT ) %.7pea%8

    ?/2 ?00

    ?2 S$it'hing ipu!se $ithstand (o!tage

    7201200i'ro se'ond8 dr& and $et

     *et$een !ines and ground of C.T K.

    7pea%8

    ?00 :

     ? ? inute po$er fre:uen'& 7dr&8

    $ithstand (o!tage7%. rs8

    0 490

    40

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    ?/ Corona extin'tion (o!tage7K. rs8 20in   

    ? Max radio interferen'e (o!tage for 

    fre:uen'& *et$een 0 Mh and 2Mh

    at 2 K. rs 7i'ro (o!ts8

    ?000 1000

    ? S&ste neutra! earthing Effe'ti(e!&

    Earthed

    E$t+.$&

    $a)t%$,

    C")$ !" I II III IV V

    Rat+" 3000-2000-8001 3000-2000-8001 3000-2000-8001 3000-2000-8001 3000-2000-8001

    P)+#a) T$)#+!a& P1- P2   P1- P2

     

    P1- P2

     

    P1- P2

     

    P1- P2

    S$"!,a) T$)#+!a&

    1S1-1S2@8001

    1S1-1S3@20001

    1S1-1S4@30001

    2S1-1S2@8001

    2S1-1S3@20001

    2S1-1S4@30001

    3S1-1S2@8001

    3S1-1S3@20001

    3S1-1S4@30001

    4S1-1S2@8001

    4S1-1S3@20001

    4S1-1S4@30001

    8S1-1S2@8001

    8S1-1S3@20001

    8S1-1S4@30001

    Bu),$!;VA= - -

    20 - -

    C&ass PS PS 02S PS PS

    ISFALF - - 8 - -

    ii. O&erati#n

    41

  • 8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report

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    CT st$s ,"5! )+#a) u))$!t t" a #$asu)$ab&$ .a&u$' b#$a!s $&$t)"-#a(!$t+ +!,ut+"! Cu))$!t +! s$"!,a) +)u+t+s ,+)$t& )"")t+"!a& t" )+#a) u))$!t

     T%$ s$"!,a) u))$!t +s #$asu)$, b #$t$)s ") +t "$)at$s)$&a t" t)+ a CB 5%$! ab!")#a& u))$!t "5s +! t%$ +)u+t

    iii. *here -#!nd

    CT a! b$ *"u!, +! t%$ s5+t%a), a!, at ICT t$)#+!a&s

    i. Remar

  • 8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report

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    5$ 5+&& us$ +s"&at") I! +s"&at") 5$ ,"!t %a.$ a! a) /u$!%+!(#$,+u# s" 5$ a!!"t $&+#+!at$ t%$ a) +! +s"&at") S" a*t$)"$!+!( t%$ b)$ak$) "!& 5$ s%"u&, "$! t%$ +s"&at")' s" 5$s%"u&, ,$s+(! s"#$ +!t$)&"ks &+k$ b$&"5

    B)$ak$) &"s$ "!,+t+"! +s"&at") s%"u&, !"t "$!B)$ak$) "$! "!,+t+"! +s"&at") a! &"s$ ") "$! D+$)$!t t$s "* +s"&at")s 5%+% a)$ us+!( at $&,  1 D"ub&$ b)$ak t$  2 !$$ t$  3 S+!(&$ b)$ak t$

    Ea)t% s5+t% +s .$) +#")ta!t $/u+#$!t as $) sa*$t "* %u#a!s %+&$ tak+!( ,"5! "* a! E/u+#$!t )st 5$ %a.$ t"

    ,+s%a)($ t%$ %a)($ st")$, +! +t b$*")$ ,"+!( a! 5")k "! t%atEa)t%+!( s5+t%$s a)$ #"u!t$, "! t%$ bas$ "* #a+!& &+!$ s+,$+s"&at") Ea)t%+!( s5+t%$s a)$ !")#a&& .$)t+a&& b)$ak s5+t%$sEa)t%+!( a)#s ;"!tat a)# "* $a)t%+!( s5+t%= a)$ !")#a&&a&+(!$, %")+:"!ta&& at " "!,+t+"! Du)+!( s5+t%+!( "!"$)at+"!' t%$s$ $a)t%+!( a)#s )"tat$ a!, #".$ t" .$)t+a&"s+t+"! a!, #ak$ "!tat 5+t% $a)t% *$#a&$ "!tats tt$, at t%$t" "* t%$ "st +!su&at") stak "* +s"&at") at +ts "ut("+!( s+,$ T%$$a)t%+!( a)#s a)$ s" +!t$)&"k$, 5+t% #a+! +s"&at") #".+!(

    "!tats t%at +t a! b$ &"s$, "!& 5%$! t%$ #a+! "!tats "* +s"&at") a)$ +! "$! "s+t+"! S+#+&a)& t%$ #a+! +s"&at") "!tatsa! b$ &"s$, "!& 5%$! t%$ $a)t%+!( a)#s a)$ +! "$! "s+t+"!i. Rating

    S.

    N$

    D&s6r;!$# R"!#+

    420 220

    ? 4ated (o!tage /20 248

    2  T$ D,4  HDB

    43

  • 8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report

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    Cu))$!t@ 20001?0 1900

    / STC ;kA-s$-kA=@ 09?9?2 40-1-128

    I#u&s$ ?/2K. 1080

    PF ."&ta($ ?0K. 490

    F)$/u$! 0B 80H:

    > O$)at+!( ,$.+$ Motor  M"t")

    @ DC V"&ta($ 220 220

    ?0 AC V"&ta($ /? 220

    ?? No of po!es

    ?2 Max a*ient teperature 7'entigrade8 0 0

    ? Min Creepage distan'e 78 ?000 ?2

    ?/ Ju!! $a(e ipu!se $ithstand

    (o!tage7?210 i'rose'8 *et$een !ines

    and ground) %.7pea%8

     ,et$een terina!s7open8

    ?/2

    ?/2

    ?00

    1200

    ? S$it'hing ipu!se $ithstand (o!tage

    7201200i'ro se'ond8 dr& and $et

     *et$een !ines and ground K.7pea%8

    ,et$een terina!s 7Open8

    ?00

    @00

    :

    44

  • 8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report

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     ? ? inute po$er fre:uen'& 7dr&8

    $ithstand (o!tage *et$een !ines and

    ground 7%. rs8

    ,et$een terina!s 7Open8

    20

    ?0

    490

    490

    ? Corona extin'tion (o!tage7K. rs8 20in   

    ?> Max radio interferen'e (o!tage for 

    fre:uen'& *et$een 0 Mh and 2Mh

    at 2 K. rs 7i'ro (o!ts8

    ?000 1000

    ?@ S&ste neutra! earthing Effe'ti(e!&Earthed

    E$t+.$&$a)t%$,

    ii. O&erati#n

     T%+s ,+s"!!$t+!( ,$.+$ a! b$ "$)at$, #a!ua&& ")aut"#at+a&& .+a #"t")s %$! ab!")#a& u))$!t a$a)s +!+)u+t +t +s"&at$s CB *)"# +)u+t

    iii. *here -#!nd

    It +s "!!$t$, a)"ss $a% CB +! s5+t%a), a!, b$*")$ a!, a*t$)ICT

    >. Circ!it "rea

  • 8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report

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    -ig S-= Circ!it Brea

  • 8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report

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    "!tats' a&t%"u(% s"#$ "* t%$ $!$)( )$/u+)$, #a b$ "bta+!$,

    *)"# t%$ *au&t u))$!t +ts$&* S#a&& +)u+t b)$ak$)s #a b$

    #a!ua&& "$)at$,J &a)($) u!+ts %a.$ s"&$!"+,s t" t)+ t%$

    #$%a!+s#' a!, $&$t)+ #"t")s t" )$st")$ $!$)( t" t%$ s)+!(s

     T%$ +)u+t b)$ak$) "!tats #ust a)) t%$ &"a, u))$!t5+t%"ut $$ss+.$ %$at+!(' a!, #ust a&s" 5+t%sta!, t%$ %$at "*

    t%$ a) )",u$, 5%$! +!t$))ut+!( t%$ +)u+t C"!tats a)$

    #a,$ "* "$) ") "$) a&&"s' s+&.$) a&&"s' a!, "t%$)

    #at$)+a&s %$! a u))$!t +s +!t$))ut$,' a! a) +s ($!$)at$,

     T%+s a) #ust b$ "!ta+!$,' ""&$,' a!, $t+!(u+s%$, +! a

    "!t)"&&$, 5a' s" t%at t%$ (a b$t5$$! t%$ "!tats a! a(a+!

    5+t%sta!, t%$ ."&ta($ +! t%$ +)u+t D+$)$!t +)u+t b)$ak$)s us$.auu#' a+)' +!su&at+!( (as ") "+& as t%$ #$,+u# +! 5%+% t%$ a)

    *")#s D+$)$!t t$%!+/u$s a)$ us$, t" $t+!(u+s% t%$ a)

    +!&u,+!(@

    • L$!(t%$!+!( "* t%$ a)

    • I!t$!s+.$ ""&+!( ;+! ?$t %a#b$)s=

    • D+.+s+"! +!t" a)t+a& a)s

    • $)" "+!t /u$!%+!( ;C"!tats "$! at t%$ :$)" u))$!t

    t+#$ )"ss+!( "* t%$ AC 5a.$*")#' $$t+.$& b)$ak+!( !" &"a,u))$!t at t%$ t+#$ "* "$!+!( T%$ :$)" )"ss+!( "u)s at

    t5+$ t%$ &+!$ *)$/u$! +$ 100 t+#$s $) s$"!, *") 80H: a

    a!, 120 t+#$s $) s$"!, *") 90H: a =

    • C"!!$t+!( aa+t")s +! a)a&&$& 5+t% "!tats +! DC +)u+ts

    F+!a&&' "!$ t%$ *au&t "!,+t+"! %as b$$! &$a)$,' t%$

    "!tats #ust a(a+! b$ &"s$, t" )$st")$ "5$) t" t%$

    +!t$))ut$, +)u+t

     T&es #' circ!it "rea

  • 8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report

    49/85

    Ma! ,+$)$!t &ass+at+"!s "* +)u+t b)$ak$)s a! b$ #a,$'

    bas$, "! t%$+) *$atu)$s su% as ."&ta($ &ass' "!st)ut+"! t$'

    +!t$))ut+!( t$' a!, st)utu)a& *$atu)$s

    E&$t)+a& "5$) t)a!s#+ss+"! !$t5")ks a)$ )"t$t$, a!,

    "!t)"&&$, b %+(%-."&ta($ b)$ak$)s T%$ ,$!+t+"! "* %+(%."&ta($ .a)+$s but +! "5$) t)a!s#+ss+"! 5")k +s usua&& t%"u(%t

    t" b$ >28 kV ") %+(%$)' a"),+!( t" a )$$!t ,$!+t+"! b t%$

    I!t$)!at+"!a& E&$t)" t$%!+a& C"##+ss+"! ;IEC= H+(%-."&ta($

    b)$ak$)s a)$ !$a)& a&5as s"&$!"+,-"$)at$,' 5+t% u))$!t

    s$!s+!( )"t$t+.$ )$&as "$)at$, t%)"u(% u))$!t t)a!s*")#$)s

    I! substat+"!s t%$ )"t$t+"! )$&a s%$#$ a! b$ "#&$'

    )"t$t+!( $/u+#$!t a!, buss$s *)"# .a)+"us t$s "* ".$)&"a,") ()"u!,$a)t% *au&t

    H+(%-."&ta($ b)$ak$)s a)$ b)"a,& &ass+$, b t%$ #$,+u#

    us$, t" $t+!(u+s% t%$ a)

    • Bu&k "+&

    • M+!+#u# "+&

    • A+) b&ast

    • Vauu#

    • SF9 

    O+& C+)u+t B)$ak$)

    A %+(%-."&ta($ +)u+t b)$ak$) +! 5%+% t%$ a) +s ,)a5! +! "+& t"

    ,+ss+at$ t%$ %$at a!, $t+!(u+s% t%$ a)J t%$ +!t$!s$ %$at "* t%$

    a) ,$"#"s$s t%$ "+&' ($!$)at+!( a (as 5%"s$ %+(% )$ssu)$

    )",u$s a "5 "* *)$s% u+, t%)"u(% t%$ a) t%at *u)!+s%$s t%$

    !$$ssa) +!su&at+"! t" )$.$!t a )$st)+k$ "* t%$ a)

     T%$ a) +s t%$! $t+!(u+s%$,' b"t% b$aus$ "* +ts $&"!(at+"! u"!a)t+!( "* "!tats a!, b$aus$ "* +!t$!s+.$ ""&+!( b t%$ (as$s

    a!, "+& .a")

    47

  • 8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report

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    A+) b&ast +)u+t b)$ak$)

    Fast "$)at+"!s' su+tab+&+t *") )$$at$, "$)at+"!' aut" )$-

    &"su)$' u!+t t$ #u&t+ b)$ak "!st)ut+"!s' s+#&$ ass$#b&'

    a!, #",$st #a+!t$!a!$ a)$ s"#$ "* t%$ #a+! *$atu)$s "* a+)

    b&ast +)u+t b)$ak$)s A "#)$ss") &a!t !$$ssa) t" #a+!ta+!%+(% a+) )$ssu)$ +! t%$ a+) )$$+.$) T%$ a+) b&ast +)u+t b)$ak$)s

    a)$ $s$+a&& su+tab&$ *") )a+&5as a!, a) *u)!a$s' 5%$)$ t%$

    b)$ak$) "$)at$s )$$at$,& A+) b&ast +)u+t b)$ak$)s a)$ us$,

    *") +!t$)"!!$t$, &+!$s a!, +#")ta!t &+!$s 5%$)$ )a+,

    "$)at+"! +s ,$s+)$,

     H+(% )$ssu)$ a+) at a )$ssu)$ b$t5$$! 20 t" 30 k( #2 st")$,

    +! t%$ a+) )$s$)."+) A+) +s tak$! *)"# t%$ "#)$ss$, a+) sst$# T%)$$ %"&&"5 +!su&at") "&u#!s a)$ #"u!t$, "! t%$ )$s$)."+)

    5+t% .a&.$s at t%$+) bas+s T%$ ,"ub&$ a) $t+!(u+s%$, %a#b$)s

    a)$ #"u!t$, "! t%$ t" "* t%$ %"&&"5 +!su&at") %a#b$)s T%$

    u))$!t a))+!( a)ts "!!$t t%$ t%)$$ a) $t+!t+"! %a#b$)s

    t" $a% "t%$) +! s$)+$s a!, t%$ "&$ t" t%$ !$+(%b")+!(

    $/u+#$!t S+!$ t%$)$ $+st a .$) %+(% ."&ta($ b$t5$$! t%$

    "!,ut") a!, t%$ a+) )$s$)."+)' t%$ $!t+)$ a) $t+!t+"!

    %a#b$)s ass$#b& +s #"u!t$, "! +!su&at")s

    SF9 CIRCUIT BREAER@

     I! su% +)u+t b)$ak$)' su&%a) %$au")+,$ ;SF9= (as +s us$, as

    t%$ a) /u$!%+!( #$,+u# T%$ SF9 +s a! $&$t)"!$(at+.$ (as

    a!, %as a st)"!( t$!,$! t" abs")b *)$$ $&$t)"!s T%$ SF9

    +)u+t b)$ak$) %a.$ b$$! *"u!, t" a .$) $$t+.$ *") %+(%

    "5$) a!, %+(% ."&ta($ s$).+$

    It "!s+sts "* $, a!, #".+!( "!tats It %as %a#b$)' "!ta+!sSF9 (as %$! t%$ "!tats a)$ "$!$,' t%$ #$%a!+s# $)#+ts

    a %+(% )$ssu)$ SF9 (as *)"# )$s$)."+) t" "5 t"5a),s t%$ a)

    46

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    +!t$))ut+"! %a#b$) T%$ #".+!( "!tat $)#+ts t%$ SF9 (as t"

    &$t t%)"u(% t%$s$ %"&$s

    Vauu# C+)u+t B)$ak$)

     Vauu# +)u+t b)$ak$)s a)$ +)u+t b)$ak$)s 5%+% a)$ us$, t")"t$t #$,+u# a!, %+(% ."&ta($ +)u+ts *)"# ,a!($)"us

    $&$t)+a& s+tuat+"!s L+k$ "t%$) t$s "* +)u+t b)$ak$)s' .auu#

    +)u+t b)$ak$)s &+t$)a&& b)$ak t%$ +)u+t s" t%at $!$)( a!!"t

    "!t+!u$ "5+!( t%)"u(% +t' t%$)$b )$.$!t+!( )$s' "5$)

    su)($s' a!, "t%$) )"b&$#s 5%+% #a $#$)($ T%$s$ ,$.+$s

    %a.$ b$$! ut+&+:$, s+!$ t%$ 1620s' a!, s$.$)a& "#a!+$s %a.$

    +!t)",u$, )$!$#$!ts t" #ak$ t%$# $.$! sa*$) a!, #")$$$t+.$

    I! t%+s D$%)a,u! substat+"! "!& SF9 +)u+t b)$ak$) +s us$,

     T%$ b)$ak$) us$s SF9 ;Su&%a) H$a u")+,$= (as *") a)

    $t+!t+"! u)"s$ T%+s (as %as $$&&$!t u))$!t +!t$))ut+!(

    a!, +!su&at+!( )"$)t+$s' %$#+a&&' +t +s "!$ "* t%$ #"st stab&$

    "#"u!, +! t%$ u)$ stat$ a!, u!,$) !")#a& "!,+t+"! +t +s

    %s+a&& +!$)t' !"!-a##ab&$' !"!-t"+ a!, ",")&$ss a!, t%$)$+s !" ,a!($) t" $)s"!!$& a!, )$ %a:a), Its ,$!s+t +s ab"ut 8

    t+#$s t%at "* a+) +!su&at+!( st)$!(t% +s ab"ut 2-3 t+#$s t%at "* a+)

    a!, $$$,s t%at "* "+& at 3 (C# )$ssu)$

    SF9 b)$ak$) a&&$, as #a+!t$!a!$ *)$$ b)$ak$)' %as s+#&$

    "!st)ut+"! 5+t% *$5 #".+!( a)ts@ T%$ ss+"! )",uts )$at$,

    ,u)+!( b)$ak+!( a!, !"t *u&& )$"#b+!$, a)$' $+t%$) )$++tat$,

    as #$ta&&+ u")+,$ ") abs")b$, b a stat+ &t$) 5%+% a&s"

    abs")bs t%$ )$s+,ua& #"+stu)$S+!$ !" (as +s $%aust$, *)"# t%$ b)$ak$) a!, .$) &+tt&$

    "#)$ss$, a+) +s )$/u+)$, *") "$)at+"!' !"+s$ ,u)+!( t%$

    "$)at+"! +s a&s" .$) $ss

    80

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    S+!$ SF9 (as +s +!$)t a!, stab&$ at !")#a& t$#$)atu)$'

    "!tats ," !"t s$tt&$) *)"# "+,+:at+"! ") "t%$) %$#+a&

    )$at+"!s' 5%$)$as +! a+) ") "+& t$ b)$ak$)s "+,at+"! "*

    "!tats 5"u&, aus$ %+(% t$#$)atu)$ )+s$ SF9 (as +)u+t

    b)$ak$)s' ,$s+(!$, t" "!*")# t" t%$ sa#$ sta!,a),s as a+) ") "+&b)$ak$)s' but +! "$)at+"! +t +s "ss+b&$ t" ($t b$tt$) s$).+$ $.$!

    at %+(%$) *au&t &$.$&s

    Su&%u) %$au")+,$ (as +s )$a)$, b bu)!+!( "a)s$&

    )us%$, )"&& su&%u) +! t%$ u")+!$ (as' +! a st$$& b"' )".+,$,

    5+t% sta(($)$, %")+:"!ta& s%$&.$s' $a% b$a)+!( ab"ut 4 k( "*

    su&%u) T%$ st$$& b" +s #a,$ (as t+(%t T%$ (as t%us "bta+!$,

    "!ta+!s "t%$) u")+,$s su% as S2F10' SF4 a!, #ust b$ u)+$,*u)t%$) SF9 (as ($!$)a&& su&+$) b %$#+a& )#s T%$ "st "*

    (as +s &"5 +* #a!u*atu)$, +! &a)($ sa&$

    81

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    Du)+!( t%$ a)+!( $)+", SF9 (as +s b&"5! a+a&& a&"!( t%$ a) T%$ (as )$#".$s t%$ %$at *)"# t%$ a) b a+a& "!.$t+"! a!,)a,+a& ,+ss+at+"! As a )$su&t' t%$ a) ,+a#$t$) )$,u$s ,u)+!( t%$,$)$as+!( #",$ "* t%$ u))$!t 5a.$ T%$ ,+a#$t$) b$"#$ss#a&& ,u)+!( t%$ u))$!t :$)" a!, t%$ a) +s $t+!(u+s%$, Du$ t"+ts $&$t)" !$(at+.+t' a!, &"5 a) t+#$ "!sta!t' t%$ SF9 (as)$(a+!s +ts ,+$&$t)+ st)$!(t% )a+,& a*t$) t%$ u))$!t :$)"' t%$)at$ "* )+s$ "* ,+$&$t)+ st)$!(t% +s .$) %+(% a!, t%$ t+#$"!sta!t +s .$) s#a&&

    82

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    83

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    i. Rating

    S.N$ D&s6r;!$# R"!#+

    /00 220

      ? 4ated (o!tage K. /20 2/

    2 4ated !ightening ipu!se $ithstand (o!tage K.3 ?/2 ?00

    4ated po$er fre:uen'& $ithstand (o!tage

    K.7rs8

    ?0 /0

    / 4ated Jre:uen'& B 0 0

    4ated nora! 'urrent A /000 ?0

    4ated Short 'ir'uit a%ing 'urrent KA p ?2 ?2

    84

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    4ated short 'ir'uit *rea%ing 'urrent #s' KA7rs8 0 0> 4ated short 'ir'uit duration tth s s@ 4ated out of phase *rea%ing 'urrent #d ?2KA ?2

    ?0 Jirst po!e to '!ear fa'tor ? ?

    ?? 4ated !ine9'harging *rea%ing 'urrent #t A 00 ?2?2 Design a*ient teperature C 0 0

    ? Nora! (o!tage supp!& to auxi!iar& 'ir'uitsi8 Contro! .o!tage

    ii8 Operating e'hanis (o!tage

    iii8 Beating .o!tage

    DC 220 .

    AC 2/0 .

    AC 2/0 .

    DC 220 .

    AC 2/0 .

    AC 2/0 .?/ SJ Gas S&ste

    i8 Nora! operating pressure

    ii8 Weight of gas per *rea%er 

    *ar at20C

    ? %g

    *ar at20C

    ? %g

    ii. O&erati#n

    CB +s bas+a&& a s5+t% 5%+% a! +!t$))ut +)u+t 5%$! *au&tu))$!t "5s ") 5%$! "5$) "5s +! )$.$)s$ ,+)$t+"! A+)u+t b)$ak$) $ss$!t+a&& "!s+sts "* $, a!, #".+!("!tats T%$s$ "!tats a! b$ "$!$, #a!ua&& ") b)$#"t$ "!t)"& 5%$!$.$) ,$s+)$, %$! a *au&t "u)s "!a! a)t "* t%$ sst$#' t%$ t)+ "+&s "* b)$ak$) ($t$!$)(+:$, a!, t%$ #".+!( "!tats a)$ u&&$, aa)t b s"#$#$%a!+s#' t%us "$!+!( t%$ +)u+t As t%$ s5+t%+!( +s,"!$ u!,$) SF9 (as $!.+)"!#$!t' t%$ a)+!( +s &+#+t$, a!,

    ,"$s !"t ,a#a($ $/u+#$!t It )"t$ts t%$ t)a!s*")#$)*)"# *au&t u))$!t

    iii. *here -#!nd

    88

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    It +s *"u!, +! t%$ s5+t%a), b$*")$ a!, a*t$) "* ICT +! a"),a!$

    5+t% )$s$t+.$ s5+t%a), s%$#$s a!, )at+!(s

    ?. Sh!nt react#r '#r "!s #ltage

    I! EHV substat+"!s' +t +s a "##"! )at+$ t" us$ b)$ak$)

    s5+t%$, bus )$at")s t" #a+!ta+! t%$ bus ."&ta($ 5+t%+!

    $)#+ss+b&$ &+#+ts u!,$) .a)+!( &"a, "!,+t+"!s +t% t%$

    ,$.$&"#$!t "* C"!t)"&&$, S%u!t R$at") ;CSR= 5%+% +s a

    t%)+st") "!t)"&&$, %+(% +#$,a!$ t)a!s*")#$)' a stab&$ bus

    ."&ta($ a! b$ #a+!ta+!$, b )".+,+!( .a)+ab&$ )$at+.$ "5$)

    bas$, "! t%$ bus ."&ta($ ,$.+at+"!s ,u$ t" t%$ &"a, .a)+at+"!s

     T%$ %+(% +#$,a!$ t)a!s*")#$) 5%+% +s a&s" k!"5! as )$at")

    t)a!s*")#$) ;RT= a! b$ #a,$ t" a! s+:$ 5+t%"ut a! &+#+tat+"!

    u!&+k$ (a$, ")$ s%u!t )$at")s As a s+!(&$ CSR "* &a)($

    aa+t a! b$ )$a&+:$, 5+t% su+tab&$ "!t)"& #$%a!+s#' t%+s

    89

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    a)"a% )".$s t" b$ t$%!+a&& su$)+") a!, $"!"#+a&

    "#a)$, t" t%$ $+st+!( )at+$ "* b)$ak$) s5+t%$, bus

    )$at")s

     T%$ CSR #$!t+"!$, ab".$ +s bas$, "! a %+(% +#$,a!$t)a!s*")#$) k!"5! as R$at") T)a!s*")#$) ;RT= 5+t% a )".+s+"! t"

    "!t)"& *)"# t%$ s$"!,a) s+,$ t%)"u(% t%)+st") .a&.$s As RT "* 

    a! &a)($ aa+t a! b$ )$a&+:$, as a s+!(&$ t%)$$ %as$ u!+t ")

    t%)$$ s+!(&$ %as$ u!+ts' +t +s "ss+b&$ t" )".+,$ .a)+ab&$ )$at+.$

    "5$) su")t b "!t)"&&+!( t%$ )+!( a!(&$ "* t%$ t%)+st")

    .a&.$s T%+s "!t+!u"us& .a)+ab&$ CSR as bus )$at") "$)s*"&&"5+!( a,.a!ta($s

    1 C"!t+!u"us& .a)+ab&$ )$at+.$ "5$) bas$, "! t%$ ."&ta($

    .a)+at+"!

    2 Fast R$s"!s$ t" ,!a#+ "!,+t+"!s &+k$ &"a, t%)"5 "

    3 R$,u$, &"ss$s 5+t% "t+#+:$, )$at+.$ "5$) su")t

    4 B$tt$) $"!"# +! t$)#s "* substat+"! sa$ a!, au+&+a)

    $/u+#$!t

    H$)$ +! t%+s substat+"! a BHEL #a,$ 70 MVAR bus )$at") %as

    b$$! us$, 5%"s$ )at+!(s a)$ as *"&&"5@

    i. Ratings

    S.N

    #

    +escri&ti#n Rating

    @.  T$s "* ""&+!( ONAN2. Rat$, V"&ta($ V 4207. Rat$, P"5$) MVAR 704. Rat$, Cu))$!t A# 1066>.  T$# R+s$ 5+!,+!( C 48

    8>

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    =.  T$# )+s$ "+& C 40>. P%as$ 3?. F)$/u$! 80. C"!!$t+"! s#b"& 20 (@4.  T"ta& Mass 133>10 (

    . AUTO TRANS-ORMR

    Aut" t)a!s*")#$) +s k+!, "* $&$t)+a& t)a!s*")#$) 5%$)$ )+#a)

    a!, s$"!,a) s%a)$s sa#$ "##"! s+!(&$ 5+!,+!(

    87

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    The#r #' A!t# Trans'#rmer

    I! Aut" T)a!s*")#$)' "!$ s+!(&$ 5+!,+!( +s us$, as )+#a)

    5+!,+!( as 5$&& as s$"!,a) 5+!,+!( But +! t5" 5+!,+!(st)a!s*")#$) t5" ,+$)$!t 5+!,+!(s a)$ us$, *") )+#a) a!,

    s$"!,a) u)"s$ A ,+a()a# "* aut" t)a!s*")#$) +s s%"5!

    b$&"5 T%$ 5+!,+!( AB "* t"ta& tu)!s N1 +s "!s+,$)$, as )+#a)86

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    5+!,+!( T%+s 5+!,+!( +s ta$, *)"# "+!t C a!, t%$ ")t+"! BC

    +s "!s+,$)$, as s$"!,a) L$ts assu#$ t%$ !u#b$) "* tu)!s +!

    b$t5$$! "+!ts B a!, C +s N2 I* V1 ."&ta($ +s a&+$, a)"ss t%$

    5+!,+!( +$ +! b$t5$$! A a!, C

    H$!$' t%$ ."&ta($ a)"ss t%$ ")t+"! BC "* t%$ 5+!,+!(' 5+&& b$'

    As BC ")t+"! "* t%$ 5+!,+!( +s "!s+,$)$, as s$"!,a)' +t a!

    $as+& b$ u!,$)st"", t%at .a&u$ "* "!sta!t k +s !"t%+!( but tu)!s

    )at+" ") ."&ta($ )at+" "* t%at aut" t)a!s*")#$)

    %$! &"a, +s "!!$t$, b$t5$$! s$"!,a) t$)#+!a&s +$

    b$t5$$! B a!, C' &"a, u))$!t I2 sta)ts "5+!( T%$ u))$!t +!

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    t%$ s$"!,a) 5+!,+!( ") "##"! 5+!,+!( +s t%$ ,+$)$!$ "* I2 

    I1

    C"$) Sa.+!(s +! Aut" T)a!s*")#$)

    N"5 5$ 5+&& ,+suss t%$ sa.+!(s "* "$) +! aut" t)a!s*")#$)

    "#a)$, t" "!.$!t+"!a& t5" 5+!,+!( t)a!s*")#$)

    $ k!"5 t%at 5$+(%t "* "$) "* a! 5+!,+!( ,$$!,s u"! +ts

    &$!(t% a!, )"ss - s$t+"!a& a)$a A(a+! &$!(t% "* "!,ut") +!

    5+!,+!( +s )"")t+"!a& t" +ts !u#b$) "* tu)!s a!, )"ss - s$t+"!a&

    a)$a .a)+$s 5+t% )at$, u))$!t S" 5$+(%t "* "$) +! 5+!,+!( +s

    ,+)$t& )"")t+"!a& t" )",ut "* !u#b$) "* tu)!s a!, )at$,u))$!t "* t%$ 5+!,+!( T%$)$*")$' 5$+(%t "* "$) +! t%$ s$t+"!

    AC )"")t+"!a& t"'

    91

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    A!, s+#+&a)&' 5$+(%t "* "$) +! t%$ s$t+"! BC )"")t+"!a& t"'

    H$!$' t"ta& 5$+(%t "* "$) +! t%$ 5+!,+!( "* aut" t)a!s*")#$))"")t+"!a& t"'

    I! s+#+&a) 5a +t a! b$ )".$,' t%$ 5$+(%t "* "$) +! t5"

    5+!,+!( t)a!s*")#$) +s )"")t+"!a& t"'

    N1I1  N2I2

     

    W 2N1I1  ;S+!$' +! a t)a!s*")#$) N1I1 X N2I2=

    L$ts assu#$' a  a!, t5  a)$ 5$+(%t "* "$) +! aut"

    t)a!s*")#$) a!, t5" 5+!,+!( t)a!s*")#$) )$s$t+.$&'

    92

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    Y sa.+!( "* "$) +! aut" t)a!s*")#$) "#a)$, t" t5" 5+!,+!(

    t)a!s*")#$)'

    Aut" t)a!s*")#$) $#&"s "!& s+!(&$ 5+!,+!( $) %as$ as

    a(a+!st t5" ,+st+!t& s$a)at$ 5+!,+!(s +! a "!.$!t+"!a&

    t)a!s*")#$) A,.a!ta($s "* us+!( aut" t)a!s*")#$) F")

    t)a!s*")#at+"! )at+" X 2' t%$ s+:$ "* t%$ aut" t)a!s*")#$) 5"u&,b$ a)"+#at$& 80 "* t%$ "))$s"!,+!( s+:$ "* t5" 5+!,+!(

    t)a!s*")#$) F") t)a!s*")#at+"! )at+" sa 20 %"5$.$) t%$ s+:$

    5"u&, b$ 68 T%$ sa.+!( +! "st +s "* "u)s$ !"t +! t%$ sa#$

    )"")t+"! T%$ sa.+!( "* "st +s a)$+ab&$ 5%$! t%$ )at+" "* 

    t)a!s*")#$) +s &"5' t%at +s &"5$) t%a! 2

    +isadantages #' Using A!t# Trans'#rmer

    But aut" t)a!s*")#$) %as t%$ *"&&"5+!( ,+sa,.a!ta($s@

    93

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    1 B$aus$ "* $&$t)+a& "!,ut+.+t "* t%$ )+#a) a!, s$"!,a)

    5+!,+!(s t%$ &"5$) ."&ta($ +)u+t +s &+ab&$ t" b$ +#)$ss$,

    u"! b %+(%$) ."&ta($ T" a."+, b)$ak,"5! +! t%$ &"5$)

    ."&ta($ +)u+t' +t b$"#$s !$$ssa) t" ,$s+(! t%$ &"5 ."&ta($+)u+t t" 5+t%sta!, %+(%$) ."&ta($

    2 T%$ &$aka($ u b$t5$$! t%$ )+#a) a!, s$"!,a) 5+!,+!(s

    +s s#a&& a!, %$!$ t%$ +#$,a!$ +s &"5 T%+s )$su&ts +!t"

    s$.$)$) s%")t +)u+t u))$!ts u!,$) *au&t "!,+t+"!s

    3 T%$ "!!$t+"!s "! )+#a) a!, s$"!,a) s+,$s %a.$

    !$$ssa)+& t" b$ sa#$' $$t 5%$! us+!( +!t$)"!!$t$,sta))+!( "!!$t+"!s T%+s +!t)",u$s "#&+at+"!s ,u$ t"

    %a!(+!( )+#a) a!, s$"!,a) %as$ a!(&$ a)t+u&a)& +!

    t%$ as$-b-as$ "* ,$&ta ,$&ta "!!$t+"!

    4 B$aus$ "* "##"! !$ut)a& +! a sta) sta) "!!$t$, aut"

    t)a!s*")#$) +t +s !"t "ss+b&$ t" $a)t% !$ut)a& "* "!$ s+,$ "!&

    B"t% t%$+) s+,$s %a.$ t" %a.$ t%$+) !$ut)a&+t $+t%$) $a)t% ")

    +s"&at$,

    8 It +s #")$ ,+u&t t" )$s$).$ t%$ $&$t)"#a(!$t+ ba&a!$ "* 

    t%$ 5+!,+!( 5%$! ."&ta($ a,?ust#$!t ta+!(s a)$ )".+,$, It

    s%"u&, b$ k!"5! t%at t%$ )".+s+"! "* a,?ust+!( ta+!( "! a!

    aut" t)a!s*")#$) +!)$as$s "!s+,$)ab& t%$ *)a#$ s+:$ "* t%$

    t)a!s*")#$) I* t%$ )a!($ "* ta+!( +s .$) &a)($' t%$

    a,.a!ta($s (a+!$, +! +!+t+a& "st +s &"st t" a ()$at $.$!t

    I! t%+s Substat+"! a! A&st"# #a,$ t5" !"s 318 MVA Aut"

    t)a!s*")#$) +s us$, 5%"s$ )at+!(s a)$ as *"&&"5s@

    94

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    i. Rating

    S&eci'icati#n #' 7@ M1A 400/220 81 7 a!t#

    trans'#rmer

    S.N

    #

    +escri&ti#n Rating

    @.  T$s "* ""&+!( ONAN ONAF OFAF2. Rat+!( "* HV IV

    ;MVA=

    176 282 318

    7. Rat+!( "* LV ;MVA= 93 74 1084. L+!$ u))$!t HV;A#s= 2>312 39419 48820. L+!$ u))$!t IV ;A#s= 46987 99211 72>94=. L+!$ u))$!t LV

    ;A#s=

    110382 14>139 193620

    >. N" &"a, ."&ta($ HV 400

    ?. N" &"a, ."&ta($ IV 220. N" &"a, ."&ta($ LV 33@0.  T$# R+s$ 5+!,+!( C 88 88 88@@.  T$# )+s$ "+& C 80@2. P%as$ 3@7. F)$/u$! 80@4. C"!!$t+"! s#b"&

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    @?. Mass "* O+& >'2600 (@.  T"ta& Mass 2'>>600(

    Vector group:

      1U

      N  2U

    3U

      3V

    2

      1

    2V1V

    3

    ii. O&erating &rinci&le

    Bas+a&&' t%+s I!t$)"!!$t+!( T)a!s*")#$) +s aut" t)a!s*")#$)

    b$aus$ +t sa.$s "!,ut") "st a!, #ak$s OLTC $as It 5")ks "!

    t%$ )+!+&$ "* $&$t)"-#a(!$t+ +!,ut+"! $.+,$!t

    99

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      -ig Circ!it diagram #' trans'#rmer circ!it.

    iii. *here -#!nd

     T5" ICT a)$ +!sta&&$, b$t5$$! t%$ 400k. AIS a!, 220 kV AIS

    i. Remar

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    4. Miscellaneous:

    @. INSU(ATORS

     T%$ +!su&at") s$).$s t5" u)"s$s T%$ su")t t%$ "!,ut")s;bus ba)= a!, "!!$ t%$ u))$!t t" t%$ "!,ut")s T%$ #"st"##"! us$, #at$)+a& *") t%$ #a!u*atu)$ "* +!su&at") +s")$&a+! T%$)$ a)$ s$.$)a& t$s "* +!su&at")s ;$( +! t$'sus$!s+"! t$' "st +!su&at") $t= a!, t%$+) us$ +! substat+"!5+&& ,$$!, u"! t%$ s$).+$ )$/u+)$#$!t F") $a#&$' "st

    +!su&at") +s us$, *") bus ba)s A "st +!su&at") "!s+sts "* a")$&a+! b",' ast +)"! a a!, a!($, ast +)"! bas$ T%$ %"&$+! t%$ a +s t%)$a,$, s" t%at bus ba)s a! b$ ,+)$t& b"&t$, t"t%$ a

    2. CON+UCTORS US+ IN SUBSTATION +SI%N

    A! +,$a& "!,ut") s%"u&, *u&&& t%$ *"&&"5+!( )$/u+)$#$!ts@

    It s%"u&, b$ aab&$ "* a))+!( t%$ s$+$, &"a, u))$!ts a!,s%")t t+#$ u))$!ts

    It s%"u&, b$ ab&$ t" 5+t%sta!, *")$s "! +t ,u$ t" +ts s+tuat+"!

     T%$s$ *")$s "#)+s$ s$&*-5$+(%t' a!, 5$+(%t "* "t%$) "!,ut")s97

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    a!, $/u+#$!t' s%")t +)u+t *")$s a!, at#"s%$)+ *")$s su%

    as 5+!, a!, +$ &"a,+!(

    It s%"u&, b$ ")"!a *)$$ at )at$, ."&ta($

    It s%"u&, %a.$ t%$ #+!+#u# !u#b$) "* ?"+!tsIt s%"u&, !$$, t%$ #+!+#u# !u#b$) "* su")t+!( +!su&at")s

    It s%"u&, b$ $"!"#+a&

    A&& t%$ "!,ut")s *"u!, +! t%$ s+t$ a! b$ ,+.+,$, +!t" t5"

    at$(")+$s

    C#nd!ct#r

    B!ndled Ins!latedC#nd!ct#r C#nd!ct#r

    i. B!ndled C#nd!ct#r )Oerhead transmissi#n,

    A&& t%$ ".$)%$a, "!,ut")s a)$ bu!,&$,' +$' t%$)$ a)$ t5"

    sta!,a), "!,ut")s $) %as$ &a#$, b a&u#+!u# st)+  A&&

    t%$s$ "!,ut")s a)$ ba)$' +$' !" "ut$) +!su&at+"!

    A t+a& sta!,a), "!,ut") )"ss s$t+"! +s-

    a. Rating

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     T$- ACSR ;A&&u#+!+u# C"!,ut") St$$& R$+!*")$,=

    ACAR ;A&&u#+!+u# C"!,ut") A&&" R$+!*")$,=

    AACR ;A&& A&&u#+!+u# C"!,ut") )$+!*")$,=

    C"!,ut") &a$)@ 4H+(%$st sst$# ."&ta($@ 420 kV ACSR@ 84 A&>st

    H$)$ 4Z#""s$ "!,ut") a)$ us$, *") 400 V s+,$ a!, 2Z#""s$

    "!,ut") *") 220V s+,$

    ". O&erati#n

     T%$ ".$)%$a, t)a!s#+ss+"! &+!$s a)$ sta!,a), a!, bu!,&$, t")$.$!t C")"!a

    L"ss' 5%$! su)*a$ "t$!t+a& ()a,+$!t "* a "!,ut") $$$,s

    ,+$&$t)+ st)$!(t% "* t%$ su))"u!,+!( a+) T%+s aus$s +"!+:at+"! "* 

    t%$ &"a& a+) !$a) t%$ "!,ut") B a,,+!( #")$ 5+)$s +!st$a, "* 

    s"&+, "!$' t%$ su)*a$ a)$a +!)$as$s 5%+% ,$)$as$s su)*a$

    "t$!t+a& ()a,+$!t T%us C")"!a &"ss )$.$!t$,

    c. *here -#!nd

    I! a&& ".$)%$a, "!!$t+"!

    ii. Ins!lated C#nd!ct#r

    >0

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     T%$s$ "!,ut")s a)$ #a+!& ut+&+:$, +! AC "5$)

    ,+st)+but+"! !$t5")k a!, "!t)"& ab&$ !$t5")k

    a. Rating

    H+(%$st sst$# ."&ta($@ 110 V

     T$@

    A

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    P"5$) ab&$ "!!$t+"!-

    1 F)"# C"!.$!t+"!a& t)a!s*")#$)s t" #a+! S5+t% B"a),;MSB=J1 930 ##2

    2 F)"# D+$s$& G$!$)at") t" AC D+st)+but+"! B"a), ;ACDB= J 38 ##2

     T%$s$ +!su&at$, ab&$s a)$ ("!$ t%)"u(% ab&$ t)$!%

    I!s+,$ Cab&$ T)$!%-

    U$) T+$)s- P"5$) ab&$

    C#ntr#l ca"le c#nnecti#n

     T%+s ab&$ +s +!t$)-"!!$t$, t" .a)+"us CB' Is"&at")s' )$&as' LCC

    Pa!$&' SAS R""#

    >2

    C#ntr#l ca"le P#$er Ca"le

    2 28 ##2 2 C 9 ##2

    3 28 ##2 4 C 9 ##2

    SiDe4 28 ##2 4 C 19 ##28 28 ##2 2 10 ##2

    )Cr#ss Secti#nal Areal,> 28 ##2 38 C 38 ##2C E C#re10 28 ##2 38 C >0 ##2

    14 28 ##2 38 300 ##2

    16 28 ##2 1 280 ##2

    1 930 ##2

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    C"!t)"& ab&$ b$a)s , s+(!a& *)"# DC ,+st)+but+"! b"a), t"

    .a)+"us "!t)"& $&$#$!t

    c. *here -#!nd

    I!s+,$ C"!t)"& R""# a!, ab&$ T)$!%

    7. C#r#na ring

    A ")"!a )+!(' a&s" a&&$, a!t+-")"!a )+!(' +s a t")"+, "* ;t+a&&=

    "!,ut+.$ #at$)+a& &"at$, +! t%$ .++!+t "* a t$)#+!a& "* a %+(%

    ."&ta($ ,$.+$ It +s $&$t)+a&& +!su&at$, Staks "* #")$ sa$,

    )+!(s a)$ "*t$! us$, T%$ )"&$ "* t%$ ")"!a )+!( +s t" ,+st)+but$t%$ $&$t)+ $&, ()a,+$!t a!, &"5$) +ts #a+#u# .a&u$s b$&"5

    t%$ ")"!a t%)$s%"&,' )$.$!t+!( t%$ ")"!a ,+s%a)($.

    C")"!a )+!(s a)$ t+a&& +!sta&&$, "! .$) %+(% ."&ta($ "5$)

    &+!$ +!su&at")s Ma!u*atu)$)s su(($st a ")"!a )+!( "! t%$ &+!$

    $!, "* t%$ +!su&at") *") ab".$ 230 kV a!, "! b"t% $!,s *") ab".$

    800 kV C")"!a )+!(s )"&"!( &+*$t+#$ "* +!su&at") su)*a$s b

    su)$ss+!( t%$ $$ts "* ")"!a ,+s%a)($

    >3

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      -ig C#r#na ring

    4. O(TC in a trans'#rmer

    O! &"a, Ta C%a!($) ;OLTC= +s us$, 5+t% %+(%$) aa+t

    t)a!s*")#$)s 5%$)$ HT s+,$ ."&ta($ .a)+at+"! +s *)$/u$!t a!, a

    !$a)& "!sta!t LT +s )$/u+)$, OLTC +s tt$, 5+t% t%$ t)a!s*")#$)

    +ts$&* Mu&t+&$ ta+!(s *)"# HV 5+!,+!(s a)$ b)"u(%t t" t%$ OLTC

    %a#b$) a!, "!!$t$, t" $, "!tats M".+!( "!tats

    )"tat$s 5+t% t%$ %$& "* )"tat+!( M$%a!+s# %a.+!( a s+!,&$ T%+s

    s+!,&$ a! b$ )"tat$, #a!ua&& as 5$&& as $&$t)+a&& 5+t% a#"t") M"t") +s "!!$t$, +! su% a 5a t%at +t a! )"tat$ +! b"t%

    t%$ ,+)$t+"!s s" as t" )"tat$ t%$ OLTC "!tats +! &"k5+s$ a!,

    a!t+&"k5+s$ ,+)$t+"! T5" us% butt"!s a)$ tt$, "! t%$ LCP

    ;&"a& "!t)"& a!$&= t" )"tat$ t%$ #"t") a!, %$!$ t%$ OLTC

    "!tats +! &"k5+s$ a!, a!t+-&"k5+s$ ,+)$t+"! T%+s #".$#$!t

    "* "!tats t%us "!t)"&s t%$ "utut LV ."&ta($ "* t%$ t)a!s*")#$)S" )"tat+!( "* OLTC "!tats 5+t% s+!,&$ ") us% butt"!s +! t%+s

    5a +s a #a!ua& )"$ss I! as$ t%+s )"$ss "* )"tat+!( t%$ OLTC

    "!tats a!, %$!$ "!t)"&&+!( t%$ LV s+,$ ."&ta($ +s t" b$ ,"!$

    aut"#at+a&& t%$! a RTCC ;R$#"t$ Ta C%a!($) C"!t)"&&$)= +s

    +!sta&&$, 5+t% t%$ t)a!s*")#$) HT Pa!$& T%$ RTCC s$!,s s+(!a&s t"

    LCP a!, LCP +! tu)! )"tat$s t%$ #"t") as $) t%$ s+(!a&s )$$+.$,

    *)"# t%$ RTCC

    . Marshaling "#F

    >4

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    It %as t5" #$t$) 5%+% +!,+at$ t%$ t$#$)atu)$ "* t%$ "+& a!,

    5+!,+!( "* #a+! ta!k I* t$#$)atu)$ "* "+& ") 5+!,+!( $$$,s

    t%a! s$+$, .a&u$' )$&a "$)at$s t" s"u!, a! a&a)# I* t%$)$ +s

    *u)t%$) +!)$as$ +! t$#$)atu)$ t%$! )$&a "#&$t$s t%$ t)++)u+t t" "$! t%$ +)u+t b)$ak$) "!t)"&&+!( t%$ t)a!s*")#$)

    =. S$itching schemes

     T%$ *at")s "!s+,$)$, *") s$&$t+"! "* s5+t%+!( s%$#$s

     R$&+ab+&+t *at")

     A.a+&ab+&+t "* t%$ sa$ E"!"#+s ;)"?$t "st=

     T%$)$ a! b$ s$.$)a& "#b+!at+"!s +! 5%+% t%$ $/u+#$!ts'

    busba)s' st)utu)$s $t a! b$ a))a!($, t" a%+$.$ a

    a)t+u&a) s5+t%+!( s%$#$

     T%$ s5+t%+!( s%$#$s a! b$ #a,$ #")$ $+b&$ b #ak+!(

    #+!") #",+at+"!s &+k$ )".+,+!( s$t+"!a&+:at+"! us+!( b-ass

    at% $t

     T%$ .a)+"us t$s "* s5+t%+!( s%$#$s a)$

    >8

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    >9

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    >>

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    7. BUS COUPLER:

    The *us 'oup!er 'onsists of 'ir'uit *rea%er and iso!ator Ea'h generator and feedera& *e 'onne'ted to either ain *us *ar or spar *us *ar $ith the he!p of *us

    'oup!er 4epairing) aintenan'e and testing of feeder 'ir'uit or other se'tion 'an *e done *& putting the on spar *us *ar) thus %eeping the ain *us *arundistur*ed ,us 'oup!er is a de(i'e $hi'h is used s$it'h fro one *us to the other $ithout an& interruption in po$er supp!& and $ithout 'reating haardous ar's #t isa'hie(ed $ith the he!p of 'ir'uit *rea%er and iso!ators

    . PO7

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    operation of (arious generating unit 'ouni'ation net$or% is indispensa*!e forstate e!e'tri'it& *oard

    #n state e!e'tri'it& *oards) the generating I distri*ution stations are genera!!&

    !o'ated at a far distan'e fro 'ities Where 3 I T 'ouni'ation pro(ided through!ong o(erhead !ines in neither re!ia*!e nor :ui'%

    As $e ha(e a(ai!a*!e (er& re!ia*!e ph&si'a! paths (i the po$er !ines) $hi'hinter'onne'ted) hen'e po$er !ine 'arrier 'ouni'ation is found to *e oste'onoi'a! and re!ia*!e for e!e'tri'it& *oards

    A33L#CAT#ONSF

    The 3LCC 'an *e used for the fo!!o$ing fa'i!itiesF

    Te!ephon&

    Te!eprote'tion

    4eote 'ontro! or indi'ation

     Te!eetr&

      Te!eprinting

    . SCA+A >6

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     F+: S6"/"

     T%$ task "* su$).+s+"! "* #a%+!$) a!, +!,ust)+a& )"$ss$s "!a )"ut+!$ bas+s a! b$ a! $)u+at+!(& t+)$s"#$ ?"b A&5asb$+!( b t%$ s+,$ a #a%+!$ ") b$+!( "! a 24> at)"& ,uta)"u!, t%$ ass$#b& &+!$ $/u+#$!t %$k+!( t%$ t$#$)atu)$&$.$&s' 5at$) &$.$&s' "+& &$.$& a!, $)*")#+!( "t%$) %$ks 5"u&,b$ "!s+,$)$, a 5asta($ "* t%$ $$)t+s$ "* t%$ t$%!++a! "!t)+.+a& tasks But' t" ($t )+, "* t%+s bu),$!s"#$ task' t%$ $!(+!$$)s

    ,$.+s$, $/u+#$!ts a!, s$!s")s t%at 5"u&, )$.$!t ") at &$ast)$,u$ t%$ *)$/u$! "* t%$s$ )"ut+!$ %$ks As a )$su&t "* t%at'"!t)"& sst$#s a!, +ts .a)+"us " s)+!(s &+k$ SCA+A sstems 5$)$ *")#$, S!&eris#r C#ntr#l and +ata Ac6!isiti#n)SCA+A, "$)s t%$ $as$ "* #"!+t")+!( "* s$!s")s &a$, at,+sta!$s' *)"# "!$ $!t)a& &"at+"!

    SCADA sst$#s a)$ us$, t" #"!+t") a!, "!t)"& a &a!t ")

    $/u+#$!t +! +!,ust)+$s su% as t$&$"##u!+at+"!s' 5at$) a!,5ast$ "!t)"&' $!$)(' "+& a!, (as )$!+!( a!, t)a!s")tat+"! ASCADA sst$# (at%$)s +!*")#at+"!' su% as 5%$)$ a &$ak "! a+$&+!$ %as "u))$,' t)a!s*$)s t%$ +!*")#at+"! bak t" a $!t)a&s+t$' a&$)t+!( t%$ %"#$ stat+"! t%at t%$ &$ak %as "u))$,' a))+!(

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    "ut !$$ssa) a!a&s+s a!, "!t)"&' su% as ,$t$)#+!+!( +* t%$&$ak +s )+t+a&' a!, ,+s&a+!( t%$ +!*")#at+"! +! a &"(+a& a!,")(a!+:$, *as%+"! SCADA sst$#s a! b$ )$&at+.$& s+#&$' su%as "!$ t%at #"!+t")s $!.+)"!#$!ta& "!,+t+"!s "* a s#a&& "$

    bu+&,+!(' ") +!)$,+b& "#&$' su% as a sst$# t%at #"!+t")s a&&t%$ at+.+t +! a !u&$a) "5$) &a!t ") t%$ at+.+t "* a #u!++a&5at$) sst$#

    SCADA sst$#s 5$)$ )st us$, +! t%$ 1690s

     Parts #' a SCA+A Sstem

     T%$)$ a)$ #a! a)ts "* a 5")k+!( SCADA sst$# A SCADAsst$# +!&u,$s s+(!a& %a),5a)$ ;+!ut a!, "utut=' "!t)"&&$)s'!$t5")ks' us$) +!t$)*a$ ;HMI=' "##u!+at+"!s $/u+#$!t a!,s"*t5a)$ A&& t"($t%$)' t%$ t$)# SCADA )$*$)s t" t%$ $!t+)$ $!t)a&sst$# T%$ $!t)a& sst$# #"!+t")s ,ata *)"# .a)+"us s$!s")st%at a)$ $+t%$) +! &"s$ )"+#+t ") " s+t$ ;s"#$t+#$s #+&$sa5a=F") t%$ #"st a)t' t%$ b)a+!s "* a SCADA sst$# a)$$)*")#$, b t%$ Rem#te Terminal Units;S"#$t+#$s )$*$))$,

    t" as t%$ RTU= T%$ R$#"t$ T$)#+!a& U!+ts "!s+sts "* a)"()a##ab&$ &"(+ "!t)"&&$) T%$ RTU a)$ s$t t" s$+)$/u+)$#$!ts' %"5$.$)' #"st RTU a&&"5 %u#a! +!t$).$!t+"!' *")+!sta!$' +! a *at") s$tt+!(' t%$ RTU #+(%t "!t)"& t%$ s$tt+!( "*a "!.$$) b$&t' a!, t%$ s$$, a! b$ %a!($, ") ".$))+,,$! ata! t+#$ b %u#a! +!t$).$!t+"! I! a,,+t+"!' a! %a!($s ")$))")s a)$ aut"#at+a&& &"(($, *") a!,") ,+s&a$, M"st "*t$!' aSCADA sst$# 5+&& #"!+t") a!, #ak$ s&+(%t %a!($s t" *u!t+"!

    "t+#a&&J SCADA sst$#s a)$ "!s+,$)$, &"s$, &"" sst$#sa!, )u! 5+t% )$&at+.$& &+tt&$ %u#a! +!t$).$!t+"! O!$ "* k$)"$ss$s "* SCADA +s t%$ ab+&+t t" #"!+t") a! $!t+)$ sst$# +!)$a& t+#$ T%+s +s *a+&+tat$, b ,ata a/u+s+t+"!s +!&u,+!( #$t$))$a,+!(' %$k+!( status$s "* s$!s")s' $t t%at a)$

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    "##u!+at$, at )$(u&a) +!t$).a&s ,$$!,+!( "! t%$ sst$#B$s+,$s t%$ ,ata b$+!( us$, b t%$ RTU' +t +s a&s" ,+s&a$, t" a%u#a! t%at +s ab&$ t" +!t$)*a$ 5+t% t%$ sst$# t" ".$))+,$s$tt+!(s ") #ak$ %a!($s 5%$! !$$ssa)

    SCADA a! b$ s$$! as a sst$# 5+t% #a! ,ata $&$#$!ts a&&$,"+!ts Ea% "+!t +s a #"!+t") ") s$!s") P"+!ts a! b$ $+t%$) %a),") s"*t A %a), ,ata "+!t a! b$ a! atua& #"!+t")J a s"*t "+!ta! b$ s$$! as a! a&+at+"! ") s"*t5a)$ a&u&at+"! Data$&$#$!ts *)"# %a), a!, s"*t "+!ts a)$ a&5as )$"),$, a!,&"(($, t" )$at$ a t+#$ sta# ") %+st")

    SCADA sst$# +!&u,$s a us$) +!t$)*a$' a&&$, 5!man Machine

    Inter'ace )5MI,. T%$ HMI "* a SCADA sst$# +s 5%$)$ ,ata +s)"$ss$, a!, )$s$!t$, t" b$ .+$5$, a!, #"!+t")$, b a %u#a!"$)at") T%+s +!t$)*a$ "!t)"&s 5%$)$ t%$ +!,+.+,ua& a! +!t$)*a$5+t% t%$ SCADA sst$#

    HMIs a)$ a! $as 5a t" sta!,a),+:$ t%$ *a+&+tat+"! "* #"!+t")+!(#u&t+&$ RTUs ") PLCs ;)"()a##ab&$ &"(+ "!t)"&&$)s= RTUs ")PLCs 5+&& )u! a )$)"()a##$, )"$ss' but #"!+t")+!( $a% "*t%$# +!,+.+,ua&& a! b$ ,+u&t' b$aus$ t%$ a)$ s)$a, "ut".$) t%$ sst$# B$aus$ RTUs a!, PLCs %+st")+a&& %a, !"sta!,a),+:$, #$t%", t" ,+s&a ") )$s$!t ,ata t" a! "$)at")'t%$ SCADA sst$# "##u!+at$s 5+t% PLCs t%)"u(%"ut t%$sst$# !$t5")k a!, )"$ss$s +!*")#at+"! t%at +s $as+&,+ss$#+!at$, b t%$ HMI

    HMIs a! a&s" b$ &+!k$, t" a ,atabas$' 5%+% a! us$ ,ata(at%$)$, *)"# PLCs ") RTUs t" )".+,$ ()a%s "! t)$!,s' &"(+st+

    +!*"' s%$#at+s *") a s$+ s$!s") ") #a%+!$ ") $.$! #ak$t)"ub&$s%""t+!( (u+,$s a$ss+b&$ I! t%$ &ast ,$a,$' )at+a&&a&& SCADA sst$#s +!&u,$ a! +!t$()at$, HMI a!, PLC ,$.+$#ak+!( +t $t)$#$& $as t" )u! a!, #"!+t") a SCADA sst$#

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    5. CONCLUSION:-

    # got a':uainted $ith the E!e'tri'a! departent engaged here in the Coissioningof su'h a assi(e pro+e't and 'ae to %no$ a*out their $or%ing These peop!e$or% da& and night to !ighten the $or!d and in parti'u!ar us so that $e ha(e a!! theeans to do our $or% $ith utost ease ,& (irtue of this training progra # 'aeto %no$ a*out (arious te'hni'a! aspe'ts and ip!i'ations of su'h Su*station

     pro+e't starting fro ground ero to the !e(e! it is no$) the te'hni'a! e:uipentsre:uired for the sae the ip!i'ations arising $ith the uti!iation of those $ith theidea in the ind to uti!ie ea'h and e(er& *it used to it fu!! potentia! $ith !ongest

     possi*!e !ife fro a!ong $ith the hard $or% and expertise of the offi'ia!s and

    $or%ers $hi'h the& put in to a%e this assi(e pro+e't sustained) running andaintaining the reputation of its existen'e

     

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