power for life’s processes energy flow. producers sunlight is the primary source of energy source...
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POWER FOR LIFE’S PROCESSES
Energy Flow
Producers
Sunlight is the primary source of energy source for life on earth.
Plants, algae, and some bacteria harness sunlight or chemicals to produce food.
“Autotrophs” – make complex organic molecules from simple inorganic compounds using energy from the environment Organic molecules are used to make living tissues
Also called “Producers”
Producers
Energy from the Sun Photosynthesis
Using energy from sun to make carbohydrates
Water and carbon dioxide carbohydrates and oxygen
Primarily plants (on land)
Algae and Cyanobacteria (in oceans)
Life Without Light Chemosynthesis –
making carbohydrates using chemical energy (no sun) Bacteria
Live in volcanic vents on the ocean floor, hot springs, and tidal marshes
Consumers
Organisms that obtain energy from other organisms
Animals, fungi, and many bacteria“Heterotrophs” or “Consumers”Kinds:
Herbivores – eat plants Carnivores – eat animals Omnivores – eat plants AND animals Detritivores – eat dead matter Decomposers – break down organic matter
Feeding Relationships
Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction, from the sun or inorganic compounds to autotrophs (producers) and then to various heterotrophs (consumers).
Food Chains A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy
by eating and being eatenFood WebsTrophic Levels
Feeding Relationships
Feeding Relationships
Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction, from the sun or inorganic compounds to autotrophs (producers) and then to various heterotrophs (consumers).
Food Chains A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy
by eating and being eatenFood Webs
Link all food chains in an ecosystem togetherTrophic Levels
Feeding Relationships
Feeding Relationships
Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction, from the sun or inorganic compounds to autotrophs (producers) and then to various heterotrophs (consumers).
Food Chains A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy
by eating and being eatenFood Webs
Link all food chains in an ecosystem togetherTrophic Levels
Each step in a food chain or food web (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.)
Ecological Pyramids
A diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain or food web
3 Kinds: Energy Pyramid Biomass Pyramid Pyramid of Numbers
Ecological Pyramids
Energy PyramidsOnly about 10% of the energy available
within one trophic level is transferred to organisms at the next trophic level
Most energy consumed is… used for life processes and released as heat
Ecological Pyramids
Biomass Pyramid Total amount of living tissue within a given trophic
level Grams of organic matter per unit area Potential food available
Ecological Pyramids
Pyramid of Numbers Shows numbers of individual organisms at each
trophic level Not always “pyramid” shape