poverty in cuban miami alex stepick, ph.d. guillermo grenier, ph.d. data preparation by emily...
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Poverty in Cuban MiamiPoverty in Cuban Miami
Alex Stepick, Ph.D.Alex Stepick, Ph.D.
Guillermo Grenier, Ph.D.Guillermo Grenier, Ph.D.Data preparation by Emily EisenhowerData preparation by Emily Eisenhower
Cubans’ Year of ImmigrationCubans’ Year of Immigration
38.2%
3.2%
11.2%
19.3%
13.6%10.8%
15.7%
26.2%
3.8%
9.9%
17.0%
10.8%7.9%
12.4%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Before1959
1959-1964
1965-1974
1975-1984
1984-1993
1994-2000
Born inU.S.
Miami-DadeNation
Age of Cubans in U.S.Age of Cubans in U.S.
60%
17% 24%
17 and Under
18 to 64
65 and Over
60%
20%21%
Miami-DadeNationally
Age by Wave, Miami-DadeAge by Wave, Miami-Dade
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Before1959
1959-1964
1965-1974
1975-1983
1984-1993
1994-2000
Born inU.S.
17 andUnder
18 to 64
65 andOver
Cuban Percent white and black, by Cuban Percent white and black, by wavewave
0102030405060708090
100
Before1959
1959-1964
1965-1974
1975-1984
1984-1993
1994-2000
Bornin
U.S.
Miami-Dade
Nation
Nation
Miami-Dade
White
Black
Comparative Cuban Poverty: Comparative Cuban Poverty: Miami and the U.S.Miami and the U.S.
16%13% 10%
9% 10%9%
65%
70%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
BelowPoverty
Line
Below150% ofPoverty
Below200% ofPoverty
200% ofPoverty
Miami-Dade Nation
16%19%
11%12%
11%11%
62%58%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
BelowPoverty
Line
Below150% ofPoverty
Below200% ofPoverty
200% ofPoverty
Cubans
All others
Nationality and Poverty
0.0%5.0%
10.0%15.0%20.0%25.0%30.0%35.0%40.0%45.0%
Pov
erty
Rat
e
Puerto Rican
Cuban
Dominican
Central American
South American
Poverty by WavePoverty by Wave
12.7% 63.7%
8.8% 76.6%
13.3% 67.5%
21.1% 57.3%
17.6% 56.0%
24.1% 46.9%
13.6% 70.8%
0% 50% 100%
Before 1959
1959-1964
1965-1974
1975-1983
1984-1993
1994-2000
Born in U.S.
Miami-Dade Nation
Below Poverty Line Below 150% of Poverty Below 200% of Poverty At least 200% of Poverty
15.6% 58.0%
10.4% 73.1%
15.1% 64.1%
20.0% 56.7%
17.5% 55.2%
25.2% 44.4%
11.5% 72.2%
0% 50% 100%
Poverty by RacePoverty by RaceNationallyNationally Miami-Dade Miami-Dade
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
White Black Asian/PacificIslander
NativeAmerican
Two or moreraces
Other race
At least 200%of Poverty
Below 200%of Poverty
Below 150%of Poverty
BelowPoverty Line
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
White Black Asian/PacificIslander
NativeAmerican
Two or moreraces
Other race
At least 200%of Poverty
Below 200%of Poverty
Below 150%of Poverty
BelowPoverty Line
Cuban-American Poor and Cuban-American Poor and EducationEducation
33.0%
26.5%
19.7%
8.3%
12.5%Less than 9th grade, not in universe (age less than 3)
9th - 12th grade, no diploma
High school graduate
Some college, no degree
College degree
Age Distribution of Cuban-Age Distribution of Cuban-American PoorAmerican Poor
6.2%
6.4%
7.5%
8.0%
11.4%
14.0%
10.2%
10.9%
13.3%
12.2%
Under 6 Years
6 to 11 Years
12 to 17 Years
18 to 24 Years
25 to 34 Years
35 to 44 Years
45 to 54 Years
55 to 64 Years
65 to 74 Years
75+ Years
Sex Distribution of Cuban-Sex Distribution of Cuban-American PoorAmerican Poor
46%
54%
Male
Female
English Fluency of the Cuban-English Fluency of the Cuban-American PoorAmerican Poor
17%
25%
14%
22%
22% Speak only English
Very well
Well
Not well
Not at all
Receiving WelfareReceiving Welfare
3.9%
2.5%
3.2%
1.9%
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
4.0%
Miami-Dade National
Cubans
All others
Welfare by AgeWelfare by Age
2.3%2%
6.8%
1.70%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
18 to 64 65 and over
Cubans
All others
2.5% 2.4%
8.5%
3.3%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
18 to 64 65 and over
Nation Miami-Dade
Receiving SSIReceiving SSI
5.7%
2.6%
4.7%
2.5%
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
Miami-Dade Nation
Cubans
All others
Welfare by SexWelfare by Sex
2.3%
1.1%
4.0%
2.7%2.9%
1.4%
4.9%
3.4%
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
4.0%
4.5%
5.0%
Male Female Male Female
Cubans
All Others
Nation Miami-Dade
Welfare by WaveWelfare by Wave
3.5%
2.4%
3.1%
2.4%
3.9%
3.3%
4.8%4.3%
5.6%
4.8%5.3%
4.8%
1.1%1.5%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
Before1959
1959-1964
1965-1974
1975-1984
1984-1993
1994-2000
Born inU.S.
Miami-DadeNation