post wwii and the cold war
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Post WWII and the Cold War. Adolph Eichmann Mastermind of the Holocaust After WWII managed to escape to Argentina Captured by the Mossad Executed May 1962. to the right – meant labor; to the left – the gas chambers. Baby Boom Period. United Nations formed 1945. Trygve Lie - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Post WWII and the Cold War
Post WWII and the Cold War
Adolph Eichmann
Mastermind of the Holocaust
After WWII managed to escape to Argentina
Captured by the Mossad
Executed May 1962
to the right meant labor; to the left the gas chambers
Baby Boom Period
United Nations formed 1945
Trygve Lie
1st Secretary General of the United Nations
Bernard Baruch
1946: Asked for the creation of a U.N. agency with international authority over atomic research
U.S. and Soviet Union did not want to give up independence to develop atomic weapons
1952: U.S. tests first Hydrogen bomb in the Pacific
Current UN Secretary General
Ban Ki-moon from South Korea
1946 Winston Churchill delivers his Iron Curtain speech stating that an Iron Curtain has descended across Europe
Secretary of State George Marshall
Received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953
George Kennan
Containment Theory 1947
Berlin Airlift
1948-1952
Airlift results in the formation of:
East Germany (GDR)
and
West Germany (FRG)
Berlin remained divided
The Pentagon, Headquarters of the Department of Defense (Created 1947 by the National Security Act)
James Forrestal
1st Secretary of Defense
CIA Headquarters, Langley, Virginia
Mao ZedongChiang Kai Shek
Richard Nixon begins his political career hunting communists as a member of HUAC (1948)
House Un-American Activities Committee
Pumpkin Papers
Alger HissU.S. government official
Accused of being a Soviet spy and was convicted of perjury
Served 3 years in prison
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Convicted and executed for giving atomic weapon secrets to Russia
Candidates in the 1948 Presidential ElectionHarry TrumanDemocratStrom ThurmondSouthern DemocratDixiecratsThomas DeweyRepublican
Executive Order 9981 (1948)
President Truman desegregates the army
Jackie Robinson
1947:1st African-American to break the color barrier in Major League baseball
Although, while serving in a still segregated army, 2nd Lt. Robinson was brought up on charges of refusing to move to the back of a bus and court-martialedBefore the Civil War:Slave CodesAfter the Civil War:Black CodesBecome the Jim Crow laws of the SouthCivil Rights Movement1890: the State of Louisiana passed a law:"Separate Car Act" that required separate accommodations for blacks and whites on railroads, including separate railway cars June 7, 1892: Homer Plessy bought a first class ticket at the Press Street Depot and boarded a "whites only" car and was arrestedCase goes to the Supreme Court which ruled against Plessy establishing the separate but equal doctrineAs long as facilities were equal segregation was legal
Plessy v. Ferguson
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Founded February 12, 1909 Mission: "to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination.Race Riot of 1908 (Springfield, Ill) spurred then need for a civil rights organizationNAACPFounding members included: W.E.B. Du Bois and Ida B. WellsNAACP concentrated on using the courts to overturn the Jim Crow statutes that legalized racial segregationGrandfather clauses limiting voting rightsLynching of African-AmericansHad to overturn Plessy v. FergusonNAACP Cont.
Ida Wells
Author of A Red Record
Documented the lynchings of African-AmericansLandmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutionalThe decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896 which allowed state-sponsored segregationLead attorney for the NAACP:Thurgood MarshallBrown v Board of Ed. 1954
Time frame that the S.C. recommended for desegregation of schools.Southern states used as a tool to delay the rulingWith all deliberate speed
Little Rock Nine 1957
Governor Orval Faubus of Arkansas utilizes the National Guard to prevent African-American students from entering Central High School
Governor of Alabama, George Wallace, stands at the door of Univ. of Alabama refusing entrance to the first enrolled African-American students
James Meredith enters Univ of Alabama escorted by Federal Marshals
Vivian Jones enters Univ of Alabama also escorted by Federal MarshalsFirst Lady of the Civil Rights MovementArrested December 1, 1955 for not giving up her seat on the bus to a white womanStarted the year long Montgomery bus boycottMartin Luther King emerges as the leader of the Civil Rights MovementMessage was Non-violent resistanceBoycott lasted for 381 daysDozens of public buses stood idle for months, severely damaging the bus transit company's financesLaw requiring segregation on public buses was lifted.
Rosa Parks
Received the Spingarn Medal in 1979
Highest award given by the NAACP
Civil Rights workers murdered in Mississippi 1964
August 28, 1963
Martin Luther King deliversI have a dream speech
Civil Rights Act of 1964:Outlawed major forms of discrimination against African Americans and women, including racial segregation. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements Ended racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public LBJ and Civil Rights
Voting Rights Act of 1965:Outlawed discriminatory voting practices Prohibited African Americans from voting in the U.S.Outlaws poll taxes and literacy testsCont.105