Post-War Expansion

Key Issues

Key Issues:

• Post-War higher education enrollments increase five-fold.• 1000 new campuses and 100,000 new buildings built.• Generation shift in clients and architects.• A new architectural language.• Modern Architecture: form vs. function.• Technical innovation and economics of modern construction.• Emancipation from tradition.• Cultural significance of progress.• Object-buildings replace group plans.• Carnegie Tech becomes Carnegie Mellon University in 1967.

Victor CA Farrar, Marks & Kann. Morewood Gardens.

1927. Acq. 1946.

Harry D. Gilchrist. Mudge house. 1922. Acq. 1957.

Edwin L. Lutyens. Nashdom. 1909.

Janssen & Abbott. Dreifuss house.

1914. Acq. 1999.

Edwin L. Lutyens. Dormy house. 1906.

Janssen & Cocken. Mellon Institute for Industrial Research. 1931-1937. Acq. 1967.

In designing Mellon Institute the most unusual problem was to produce a monumental exterior which Mr. Mellon was particularly anxious to have, and at the same time preserve an absolutely practical laboratory building. The requirements of the building made necessary about six and one-half million cubic feet, which is the equivalent of a very large office building...Another wish of Mr. Mellon's was to have the building low and horizontal in proportion, the very opposite of a high building. In order to design a low building it was necessary to go down into the ground three very high stories so that the appearance from the outside world would be that of a monument. The proportions of the three street facades is very nearly the same as the long lateral facade of the Parthenon on the Acropolis at Athens...To start with we thought that this was a fine precedent.

--Janssen & Cocken

Ictinos et al. Parthenon.

Athens. 448-438 B.C.

Carl Friedrich Schinkel.

Altes Museum. Berlin. 1823.

Janssen & Cocken. Mellon Institute for Industrial Research. 1931-1937. Acq. 1967.

Githens & Keally. Campus Master Plan. 1938.

Francis Keally et al. Doherty Hall Headhouse Addition. 1949-1950.

Marlier & Johnstone. GSIA. 1952

Willim W. Dudok. Townhall. Hilversum, Netherlands. 1928.

Eliel & Eero Saarinen. Chirst Church

Lutheran. Minneapolis. 1949.

Walter Gropius. Bauhaus. 1925-1926.

Mitchell & Ritchey. Donner Hall. 1954.

Donner Hall [is] a distinctive, distinguished building—imaginative in conception, outstanding in technical performance, carried through with taut and sensitive controls of planning, proportions, and detailing…The architects have chosen to throw their weight toward as new a beginning architecturally as is possible at the moment.

--Tally McKee

Mitchell & Ritchey. Donner Hall. 1954.

Mitchell & Ritchey. Donner Hall. 1954.

Mitchell & Ritchey. U.S. Naval and Marine Corps Reserve

Training Center. 1955. Acq. 1993.

Rice, Schweikher et al. Campus Master Plan. 1957-1959.

Rice, Schweikher et al. Campus Master Plan. 1957-1959.

• Celli-Flynn. School of Printing Management. (unbuilt)

• Celli-Flynn. Engineering and Science Building. (unbuilt)

• Lawrie and Green. Hunt Library. 1960.

• Ingham Pratt and Boyd. Campus Activities Center (unbuilt)

• Stotz, Charles M. and Edward Stotz. Dramatic Arts Center (not shown/unbuilt)

Rice, Schweikher et al. Campus Master Plan. 1957-1959.

Celli-Flynn. Tech Field Grandstand. 1960.

Lawrie & Green. Skibo. 1960.

Mies van der Rohe. Illinois Institute of Technology. Chicago. 1939-1956.

Lawrie & Green. Hunt Library. 1957-1961.

Lawrie & Green. Hunt Library. 1957-1961.

“The Radiator”

Lawrie & Green. Hunt Library. 1957-1961.

Griswold, Winter and Swain. Fine Arts Garden (Peace Garden). 1961.

Altenhof & Bown. Scaife Hall. 1962.

Altenhof & Bown. Scaife Hall. 1962.

“The Potato Chip”

Volumes Against Membrane.

Edward Durrell Stone.

U.S. Embassy. New Delhi.

1954.

Eliel Saarinen. Kresge Auditorium,

MIT. 1953-1955.

Harrison & Abramovitz. Panther Hollow Research Park 1963.

Harrison & Abramovitz. Panther Hollow Research Park 1963.

Harrison & Abramovitz. Panther Hollow Research Park 1963.

Harrison & Abramovitz. Empire State Plaza. 1965-1978.

Charles Luckman Assoc. Warner Hall Entrance Plaza. 1966.

Charles Luckman Assoc. Warner Hall. 1966.

Charles Luckman Assoc. Warner Hall. 1966.

“The Flashcube”

Skidmore Owings and Merrill (SOM). Lever House. 1952.

Deeter Ritchey Sippel. Cyert Hall. 1982-1983.

Sasaki, Dawson & DeMay. Campus Master Plan. 1968.

Sasaki, Dawson & DeMay. Campus Master Plan. 1968.

• Paul Schweikher. Fine Arts Complex. (unbuilt)

• Deeter Ritchey Sippel. Wean Hall. 1968-1971.

• Curry and Martin. Fraternity Quadrangle. 1968-1970.

• Sasaki, Dwason & DeMay. Skibo Addition. (unbuilt)

Celli-Flynn. Hamerschlag House, 1960.

Le Corbusier. Unité d'habitation.

Marseille. 1947-1952

Le Corbusier. Millowners’ Association Building. Ahmedabad, India. 1954.

Deeter Ritchey Sippel. Wean Hall. 1968-1971.

Paul Schweikher. Duquesne University Student Union. 1968-1971.

Deeter Ritchey Sippel. Wean Hall. 1968-1971.

Curry and Martin. Fraternity Quadrangle. 1968-1970.

Curry and Martin. Fraternity Quadrangle. 1968-1970.

Louis Kahn. First Unitarian Church and

School. Rochester, NY. 1958-1959.

Campus. ca. 1987.

Quiz Quote

Sadly, subsequent architects [did not maintain] Hornbostel's standards or his idealism, and in the 1960s, the University's second sustained building campaign produced an architectural nightmare. The decade began with the construction of the hapless [………] a building in search of an axis, followed by [……….] a building in search of an entrance, and [………..] with its sculptural lecture hall squeezed into an alley like a blister in an ill-fitting shoe. [………], which brings to the campus all of the dignity and character of a speculative office building in Monroeville, concluded the boom.

--Richard Cleary

Quiz Questions

1) a building in search of an axis

2) a building in search of an entrance

3) its sculptural lecture hall squeezed into an alley like a blister in an ill-fitting shoe

4) which brings to the campus all of the dignity and character of a speculative office building in Monroeville

C) Skibo

A) Hunt Library

D) Scaife Hall

B) Warner Hall

Quiz Answers

1) a building in search of an axis

2) a building in search of an entrance

3) its sculptural lecture hall squeezed into an alley like a blister in an ill-fitting shoe

4) brings to the campus all of the dignity and character of a speculative office building in Monroeville

C) Skibo

A) Hunt Library

D) Scaife Hall

B) Warner Hall