8/6/2019 Post Harvest Training [Compatibility Mode]

1/18

Rice post harvest management-Bangladesh context

Debashish Chanda, Ph.DPost Harvest & Business Model Specialist

IRRI Bangladesh

8/6/2019 Post Harvest Training [Compatibility Mode]

2/18

Why is Post-Harvest Management

Important?

Food Safety

Quality assurance

Better storage

Better protection from pests

Reduce losses (quantity & quality)

Better marketing opportunities

8/6/2019 Post Harvest Training [Compatibility Mode]

3/18

Post harvest losses in Bangladesh(Present scenario)

Production of Rice per year = around 30 million tons

Post harvest loss of Rice = 10 15 % per year (approx)

Post harvest loss of F & V = 30 40 % per year (approx)

In value losses (all crops) cost = around 30,000 crore BDT

If we can reduce these losses only 3% , we can save 1.0million tons food crops.

8/6/2019 Post Harvest Training [Compatibility Mode]

4/18

Causes of post harvest losses

Generally these include:

Inefficient harvesting and handling methods

Labor shortage during harvest season

Harvesting immature and over-mature crops

Poor processing techniques

Limited drying facility

Excess rain-fall expose

Lack of storage facilities Rough transportation/load/unload

No or poor access to new technology

No farmers friendly business model

8/6/2019 Post Harvest Training [Compatibility Mode]

5/18

Post harvest steps

Harvesting (cutting field drying hauling)

Stacking/Piling - Threshing (and winnowing)

Moisture control (drying)

Fine cleaning (for seed)

Bagging

Fumigation (for seed)

Storage (paddy storage)

Parboiling & milling

Transportation - Marketing

8/6/2019 Post Harvest Training [Compatibility Mode]

6/18

Harvest Handling

Harvest in dry and sunny weather to avoid extra moisture

Harvest only in appropriate ripening stage (80-85%)

Use combine harvester if available/possible

Do not mix grain for milling with seed production

Take moisture measurement after harvesting

Avoid delays in threshing and drying after harvesting

8/6/2019 Post Harvest Training [Compatibility Mode]

7/18

Harvesting

Harvesting mainlymanually (almost 99%)

Very rare use ofreapers and combineharvesters

Combine harvester ismore appropriate and

cost effective

8/6/2019 Post Harvest Training [Compatibility Mode]

8/18

Field drying

Leaving the cut crop inthe field and exposing itto the sun for drying

Panicle drying, usuallyfarmers dry their paddy2-3 days in the field

Dry up to 17-18%

For seed its betterthresh after cutting andthen dry

8/6/2019 Post Harvest Training [Compatibility Mode]

9/18

Threshing

Most of the farmersnow use mechanicalthresher like fullymechanized open

drum power thresherand pedal thresher

8/6/2019 Post Harvest Training [Compatibility Mode]

10/18

Drying for storage

Drying traditionally

(sun drying)

Use bite test to get m/c

8/6/2019 Post Harvest Training [Compatibility Mode]

11/18

Mechanical dryer

Low-cost seed dryer

Flat bed dryer

Mechanical dryer

8/6/2019 Post Harvest Training [Compatibility Mode]

12/18

Cleaning & grading for seed

Pre-cleaning

(for both seed andmilling)

Fine cleaning

(for seed)

Grading

(for wheat, barley,maize, etc)

8/6/2019 Post Harvest Training [Compatibility Mode]

13/18

Storage

8/6/2019 Post Harvest Training [Compatibility Mode]

14/18

Storage technology

IRRI Super bagCocoon

8/6/2019 Post Harvest Training [Compatibility Mode]

15/18

Parboiling

Parboiling (5-10 min)

Soaking (min 12 hours)

Parboiling (5-10 min)

Drying (12% - 16%)

8/6/2019 Post Harvest Training [Compatibility Mode]

16/18

Milling

8/6/2019 Post Harvest Training [Compatibility Mode]

17/18

Post harvest flow chart

Harvesting

Pre-dryingin field

Threshing Winnowing Drying

StorageParboiling and dryingFor milling

Processing (precleaning, fine

Cleaning, grading)and fumigation

for seed

Harvesting

Packaging

MarketingMarketingUtilization by

consumer

Hauling

8/6/2019 Post Harvest Training [Compatibility Mode]

18/18