portuguese ornamental stones potential and perspectives · portuguese ornamental stones potential...

PORTUGUESE ORNAMENTAL STONESPotential and Perspectives

LNEG Board of DirectorsMachado LeiteNovember 2016

LENLaboratory of

EnergyMember of

European Energy Research Alliance

>2.000 Professionals

EERA

>10.000 Geologists

EGS

MISSION – Research and Knowledge transfer for the Society and Economy

42

LNEGNational Laboratory for

Energy and Geology

LGMLaboratory of Geology

and MiningMember of European

Geological Surveys

VISION – networking, seeking excellence and recognition by Society

NationalGeological Survey

LNEG MonographsGranites and Similar Rocks of Portugal

Portuguese Ornamental Marbles and Limestones

http://www.lneg.pt/download/7255/index.htmlhttp://www.lneg.pt/download/7310/index.html

Chapters:

Geology, Petrography and Chemistry Physic-mechanical properties Mining and sustainability Application and Architecture Protection and restoration Catalogues

54 marbles 37 limestones 52 granites 6 Schists

List of Producers

Subject this presentation:

1. Igneous Stones2. Limestones3. Metamorphics Rocks

http://www.lneg.pt/download/7255/index.html

http://www.lneg.pt/download/7310/index.html

STRECKEISEN classification

IUGS – International Union of Geological Sciences

Modal composition:Q - QuartzA – Alkaline FeldsparP - PlagioclaseF – Feldspathoidal minerals

Simplified classification– Tonality– Texture

1- Igneous StonesTonality

Visible crystals(plutonic rocks)

Very small crystals

(volcanic rocks)

TonalityGranitesSyenites

RyolitesTraquites

LeucocrateGabbrosDiorites

BasaltesAndesites

MesocratePeridotitesAnphibolitesPiroxenites

QUARTZ

ALKAL.

FELDS.

ACIDIC

PLAGIO.

CALCIC

PLAIO.

INTERM.

PLAGIO

AC

IDIC

RO

CK

SIN

TER

MED

IATE

R

OC

KS

BA

SIC

R

OC

KS

GRANITE

GRANODIORITE

DIORITEGABBRO

Re

sist

ance

to

Ab

rasi

on

We

ar

Resistance to Atmospheric Weathering

OTHERS

OTHERS

OTHERS

OTHERS

Petrography and technological

properties

More stable minerals

Mo

re Q

uar

tz

1- Igneous Stones

Geographical distribution of

Portuguese Ornamental

Granites and similar stones

Rosa Monção

Cinzento Claro

Grande Cristal

Cristal Amarelo

Cinzento S. Torcato

Cristal Azul

Cinzento Cinfães

Branco Coral

Cinzento Antas

Pórfiro Ácido

Sienito Monchique

Verde Donai

Cinzento Claro

Cinza Telões

Amarelo Vila Real

Amarelo Figueira

Cinzento de Pinhel

Cinzento Claro

Rosa Arronches

Rosa Monforte

Rosa Sta. Eulália

Rosado Claro

Branco Vimioso

Cabo Verde

Cinzento

Diorito

Granite

Acidic Porphiry

Diorite

Gabbro

Syenite

Serpentinite

Portuguese

Igneous Stones

Tonality:Whitish to light greyish

rocks

Portuguese

Igneous Stones

Portuguese

Igneous Stones

Tonality:Greyish to dark greyish

rocks

2 - Limestones

Simplified classification - FOLK, 1972

Alochemical Rocks

Carbonate sediments coming from outside the sedimentary basin

Ortochemical Rocks

Carbonate material chemically precipitated in place

Coral Reefs carbonates

Detrital material

Clastic

Fossils

Oolites

Pellets

g

Geographical distribution of production centers:- Codaçal

- Moleanos

- Pé de Pedreira

- Cabeça Veada

- Salgueiras

- Fátima

Mármores e Calcários Ornamentais de Portugal – Casal Moura, INETI, 2007

Portuguese Limestones


Textures and Petrographic fabric – some examples- Carbonate breccia

- Compact limestones

- Good mechanic properties

- Homogenous textures

Portuguese

Limestones


3 - Metamorphic Rocks

Petrographic classification

of Portuguese

Metamorphic rocks:

Marbles

BlackSlate

• Good quality Marbles

• Good quality Black Slate

• Dark Serpentinite


Portuguese Marbles

Textures and Petrographic fabric – some examples- Calcitic marbles - > 90% calcite

- Fine grained

- Whitish, pinkish, greenish, violetish marbles


Geographical distribution of production centers

Estremoz-Borba-Vila Viçosa geological anticline

Portuguese Marbles

Bluisk grey to dark grey homogeneous, compact, finely grained and clear cleavage Slate

Valongo Canelas

Foz Côa SchistFine grained dark-grey layered schist, showing deformation and irregular cleavage

Barrancos SchistMicaceous schist, greenish tonality, sometimes yellowish, reddish ,showing bioturbations

Mourão SchistGreyish or bluish-grey schist, with spots and dark-grey punctuations

Portuguese Slate and Schist

ROP – LNEG portal for Ornamental Stones -http://rop.lneg.pt/rop/?&lg=pt

Search EngineExpert system supports the decision

Selection of the adequate

lithotypes for a given purpose

Technical constraints choosen by the operator

…

Encreasingqualityexigency

http://rop.lneg.pt/rop/?&lg=pt

Technological Properties

A good choice implies: Selection of the lithotype that better fits the fundamental use… but also Dimensioning the construction elements according to its structural expected behavior

Especificações para a Pedra Natural(Contributos para a Selecção e para o Dimensionamento)A. Casal MouraBoletim de Minas, 41 (2) - 2006

Example:Recommended thickness (calculated) for slabs and cubes

Final RemarksPortuguese know-how and tradition using Ornamental Stones

Lisbon – the City of Lioz Limestone

The extensive use of Lioz limestone in the reconstruction of the down-town of Lisbon after the 1755 earthquake has proved to have been a good choice:• It is a raw-material from the region (Pero Pinheiro

quarries)• Its remarkable aesthetical and physico-mechanical

capacities - one of the most resistant limestones to atmospheric weathering and to abrasion wear

Monuments – D. José I statue; Basílica da Estrela

(ROP - Casal Moura – LNEG)

Photos - https://pt.wikipedia.org/wki

José Saramago, the Portuguese Literature Nobel Prize, in his masterpiece the “Memorial do Convento”, immortalized Baltasar, a former wheel barrow carrier who was promoted to “ox commander” of more than 400 oxen that pulled the wagon with the stone from Pero Pinheiro (Sintra, Lisbon) to Mafra (15 km away)

Story of the transportation of a big Lioz piece for the balcony of the

Mafra Convent,weighing about 37 tones

(7 x 6 x 0,64 m)sentirportugus.blogspot.com

Lioz Limestone

… this fictional romance will keep Lioz limestone to last for the times to come


Porto – the City of Granite

Colonnades and arcades of different styles


Porto – the City of Granite

Dimension stone and other facade elements


Portuguese ornamental stones are demanded from different parts of the World

Portugal is the second ranked Ornamental Stone country in volume/capita, with rock reserves computed as:• 270 Mm3 granites• 76 Mm3 limestones• 51 Mm3 marbles• 9 Mm3 slates

Can Portugal increase competiveness as exporter of manufactured ornamental stone?

Final Remarks

Portuguese ornamental stones are demanded from different parts of the World

Good and modern equipment and technologies to increase adding-value (high to low thickness)

Importing high quality ornamental stones from other countries to enlarge national trade palettes

Good infrastructures for internal transports and exportation• Fluvial route of Douro River serves the triangle Viseu-Guarda-Mogadouro

where there are huge reserves of high quality granites, adequate for several purposes

• The Atlantic border is a bridge to other Continents• Portuguese Speaking Countries is a challenging market

Final Remarks

Can Portugal increase competiveness as exporter of manufactured ornamental stone?

Thanks for your attention

portuguese ornamental stones potential and perspectives · portuguese ornamental stones potential...

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