portfolio chemical phenomena

PORTFOLIO CHEMICAL PHENOMENA


Recommendation: Get course textbook. Underline in your book, write and perform (by hand) the following suggested exercises,

later study them for your exam.

Check at the end of this guide, the complete requirements and the rubric of the

portfolio to be delivered for Second Opportunity.

STAGE 1: CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND THEIR REPRESENTATION.

I.- Complete the following sentences. Choose the correct word from the list of terms displayed.

Products

Reagents

Synthesis

Decomposition

Double displacement

Simple displacement

1. They are the starting substances in a chemical reaction __________________. 2. Reaction in which an element replaces another element in a compound:

__________________________. 3. Chemical reaction in which two or more substances react to form a single product

__________________________. 4. Reaction involving an ion exchange between two compounds. ________________

_________________. 5. They are the substances formed during a chemical reaction. _________ _________________

6. Chemical reaction in which a compound is divided into two or more elements or new

compounds. ______________ II.- Name one evidence of chemical change that you would expect to see in the following situations.

7. A slice of bread gets stuck in the toaster and

burns.

8. A bottle of milk is left out of the refrigerator

for two weeks.

9. An antacid (sal de uvas) is placed in a glass of

water.


III.- Investigate and write the balanced equations for the following reactions. Use the correct symbology to describe the reaction completely. Also mention the evidence of the chemical reaction and classify them depending on the type of chemical reaction. 10. The reaction of aluminum sulfate Al2 (SO4) 3 with barium chloride BaCl2 produces aluminum chloride AlCl3 and a precipitate of barium sulfate BaSO4

Al2(SO4)3 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 + AlCl3

Balanced equation

Evidence

Classification

11. When heated, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) decomposes producing sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), carbon dioxide CO2, and water H2O.

NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2

Balanced equation

Evidence

Classification

IV.-Balance the following equations and indicate the type of chemical reaction

12) ____ NaBr + ____ H3PO4 ____ Na3PO4 + ____ HBr

Chemical reaction: ____________________

13) ____ Mg + ____ Fe2O3 ____ Fe + ____ MgO


14) ____ C2H4 + ____ O2 ____ CO2 + ____ H2O


15) ____ PbSO4 ____ PbSO3 + ____ O2


16) ____ H2O + ____ SO3 ____ H2SO4



V.-Classify the following equations as endothermic or exothermic. (17 y 18)

Reaction Classification

a) 2𝐾𝐶𝑙𝑂3 + 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 → 2𝐾𝐶𝑙 + 3𝑂2

b) 2𝐴𝑙 + 3𝐼2 → 2𝐴𝑙𝐼3 + 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔í𝑎

VI. Answer the following problems depending on what is asked

19.- The following equation shows the formation of aluminum oxide, which is the object found on the surface of aluminum exposed to air. How many moles of aluminum are required to form 3.7 moles of Al2O3?

4𝐴𝑙(3) + 3𝑂2(𝑔) → 2𝐴𝑙2𝑂3(𝑠)

20.- An aqueous solution of lead (II) nitrate Pb (NO3) 2 is mixed with sodium phosphate

Na3PO4 to produce solid lead (II) phosphate Pb3 (PO4) 2 and an aqueous solution of sodium

nitrate NaNO3

3Pb(NO3)2 + 2 Na3PO4 Pb3(PO4)2 + 6NaNO3

21.-Write the molar relationship between NaNO3 and Pb(NO3)2

22. How many moles of sodium nitrate are produced from 12.3 moles of Na3PO4 ?

________________


23. Calculate the grams of Pb(NO3)2 needed to produce 8.5 moles of Pb3(PO4)2

_____________________________

24. How many moles of NaNO3 are produced from 152.3g of Na3PO4?___________________

25. Calculate the quantity of Pb(NO3)2 in grams needed to produce 108 g of

NaNO3_______________________________________

STAGE 2: AQUETION SOLUTIONS

I.- Complete the following chart with the required information. Identify the solute and solvent for each solution and determine the physical state of its components

Physical state of….

Solution Solute Solvent Solute Solvent Solution

1.- Carbon

dioxid in water

(carbonated

drinks)

2. Ethanol in

water (vodka)

3. Sugar in hot

water


II. Explain the reason why the following situations happen:

a) More sugar can be dissolved in hot coffee than in iced tea.

b) Sugar dissolves less in iced coffee than in hot coffee.

c) Granulated sugar dissolves faster than a sugar cube.

IV.- USING THE SOLUBILITY CHART DETERMINES WHAT IS REQUESTED IN EACH CASE

4. Determine if the following solutions are saturated (S), unsaturated (NS) or supersaturated(SS)

(a) 60g NaCl in 100g of water at 80ºC ____

(b) 22g of KCl in 100g of water at 30ºC ___

(c) 20g KNO3 in 100g of H2O at 10ºC _____

5.- Predict the solubility of each compound at the given temperature (a) KClO3 at 60ºC ____________

(b) K2Cr2O7 at 80ºC __________

(c) NaCl at 20ºC ______________


IV.- SOLVE THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS

6.- Determine the concentration in (%m/m) of 16.0g of Na2SO4 dissolved in 80.0g of water

7.- What is the concentration in % v/v of a solution containing 50 mL of ether in 2.5L of solution?

8.- An antibiotic ointment contains 3.5% m/m Noemicite. How many grams of Noemicita does a 64g tube of ointment contain? 9.- Calculate the %m/v of a solution containing 18g de KNO3 in 85mL de solution.

10.- Homemade chlorine cleaners are basically a dilute solution of sodium hypochlorite. (NaClO). What is the molarity of a chlorine solution containing 1.05 moles of sodium hypochlorite in 2.5L of solution? 11.- Calculate the molarity of a solution containing 400g of CuSO4 in 4.00L of solution.

12.- How many grams of sodium hydroxide are needed to prepare 600mL of 1.6M solution?


V.- MENTION THE CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH STEP OF WATER POTABILIZATION

Strained or filtration

Flocculation and

sedimentation

Fine filtration

Aeration

Disinfection

STAGE 3: ACIDS AND BASES SOLUTIONS.

I. Make a comparison table of the theories of Arrhenius, Brönsted-Lowry and Lewis, where

you include the definitions of acid and base according to each theory.

Theory Acid Base


I. Draw the pH scale indicating the increase in acidity with a red arrow and the increase

in basicity with a blue arrow.

a) With the scale drawn, indicate the following substances:

Pure Water(pH=7) Vinegar (pH=2) Gastric Juice (pH=1)

Sodium Hydroxide (pH=14) Magnesium milk (pH=10)

b) Mention at least three characteristics of acids and three of bases.

ACIDS:

1) _________________________________________________________.

2) _________________________________________________________.

3) _________________________________________________________.

BASES:

1) _________________________________________________________.

2) _________________________________________________________.

3) _________________________________________________________.

IV.- Complements the following PH scoreboard

PH determination methods

Advantages

Disadvantages

Acid-base indicators

Hydronium paper

Potentiometer


11

1

1

1

V.- Calcula el pH de las siguientes sustancias: Calculate the pH of the following substances

a. Oranje juice [H+] = 3.4 x 10-4 M pH = __________

b. Vinegar [H+] = 2.6 x 10-3 M pH = __________

c. Black coffee [H+] = 4.9 x 10-5 M pH = __________

VI. Complete the following crossword with the correct answer to each definition given below:

Vertical

1. It is defined as any atmospheric precipitation that is more acidic than normal, with a pH

lower than 5.6

2. Name given to substances whose aqueous solutions conduct electricity.

3. Process by which the ions of a salt separate as te salt dissolves in water.

Horizontal

4. Name given to substances whose solutions are NOT conductive of electricity.

5. Ion formation; It occurs as a result of a chemical reaction of certain substances with water.

6. Type of electrolytes that are almost 100% ionized in solution.

4

1

2

5

6

3


STAGE 4: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

I.- MATCH THE COLUMNS ACCORDINGLY

1.- In 1807 he proposed the division into inorganic and organic compounds, depending on whether or not they were produced by living beings to synthesize substances, a driving force was required, "Vital Force" He proposed the term "Organic Chemistry." 2.- He defeats the Vital Force theory, since in 1828 he managed to synthesize urea through the heating of ammonium cyanate, the experimental confirmation that organic compounds can also be synthesized. 3.- In 1897 he unveiled a procedure to synthesize acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) in 1899 Bayer patented this discovery with the name "Aspirin, in Spanish called Aspirina" 4.- He showed that the four pure atomic orbitals of the last level (s and p) combine with each other to form four sp orbitals; this process is called Hybridization. 5.-They are compounds made up only of carbon and hydrogen and in turn are classified as aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic.

( ) Félix Hoffmann

( ) Hydrocarbons ( ) Berzelius ( ) Friedrich Wöhler ( ) Linus Pauiling

II.- WRITE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ORGANIC AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Organic compounds Inorganic compounds


III.- USE THE IUPAC SYSTEM TO NAME THE FOLLOWING COMPOUNDS: (10-13)

IV. COMPLETE THE INFORMATION REQUESTED

CARBON ATOM

Atomic number:

Electronic structure:

Stables isotopes:

Radioactive isotopes:

Number of covalent bonds that it forms:


V.- IN THE FOLLOWING CHART OF PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTS, COMPLETE IT AS APPROPRIATE.

SECTOR PRODUCTS

Industry

Heating, cars, airplanes, etc.

Prosthetics, dental implants, glasses,

ointments, ointments, etc.

Paper

Cleaning

Roads, pavements, cements, concrete, paints,

etc.

Another everyday use products


RUBRIC

Very Good

Level

60 POINTS

Good Level

45 POINTS

Sufficient

Level

30 POINTS

Insufficient Level

15 POINTS

Criterion:

-Integrates the

requested concepts

.

-Correctly defined the

concepts and they

coincide with those

found in the textbook

-Drafted it by hand,

with the concepts

written as requested

in the activity.

-Included a cover

page with the

requested

information and it

was delivered on

time.

Integrate all

concepts and

problems.

-All concepts

correctly defined

and taken from

the definitions of

the textbook.

-Drafted by hand

with the concepts

written as

requested in the

activity.

-It has a cover

page with the

requested data

and it was

delivered on time.

Integrate all the

concepts, and

problems

-Almost all the

concepts correctly

defined and taken

from most of the

textbook.

-Drafted by hand

and the written

concepts meet

most of what is

requested in the

activity.

-It has a cover

page with the

requested data

and it was

delivered on time.

It integrates half

of the concepts

and problems

requested.

-Only some

correctly defined

concepts and

some taken from

the textbook.

-Elaborated by

hand and the

written concepts

comply with

something of

what is requested

in the activity.

-It has a cover

page with the

requested data

and it was

delivered on time.

It fails to integrate

half of the concepts

and problems

requested.

-Most of the

concepts are not

defined correctly

and are not taken

from the textbook.

-Drafted by hand

and the written

concepts do not

meet what was

requested in the

activity.

-It has a cover page

with the requested

data and it was

delivered on time.

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