porifera developed by adam sprague & dave werner
DESCRIPTION
Characteristics of Porifera:- 1. No definite symmetry. 2. Body multicellular, few tissues, no organs. 3. Cells & tissues surround a water filled space, but no true body cavity. 4. All are sessileTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Porifera Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1beb7f8b9ab0599e4351/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Porifera
Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner
![Page 2: Porifera Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1beb7f8b9ab0599e4351/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Classification• Phylum Porifera
– Class Hexactinellida• Order Amphdiscophora• Order Hexasterophora
– Class Demospongiae• Order Homoscleromorpha• Order Tetratinomorpha• Ceractinomorpha
– Class Calcarea• Order Clacina• Order Clacaronia
– Sclerospongiae
![Page 3: Porifera Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1beb7f8b9ab0599e4351/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Characteristics of Porifera:-
• 1. No definite symmetry.
• 2. Body multicellular, few tissues, no organs.
• 3. Cells & tissues surround a water filled space, but no true body cavity.
• 4. All are sessile
![Page 4: Porifera Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1beb7f8b9ab0599e4351/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Characteristics Porifera Cont.• 5. Reproduce sexually or asexually,
sexual repr. either gonochoristic or hermaphroditic. 6. no nervous system. 7. distinct larval stage-planktonic. 8. Lives in aquatic environments, mostly marine. 9. All are filter feeders. 10. Often have a skeleton of spicules.
![Page 5: Porifera Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1beb7f8b9ab0599e4351/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Poriferans are commonly referred to as sponges
• Appr. 5,000 living sponge species• fossil sponges are among the
oldest known animal fossils, dating from the Late Precambrian
• http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/phyla/metazoafr.html
![Page 6: Porifera Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1beb7f8b9ab0599e4351/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
There are four distinct groups of sponges
• Hexactinellida (glass sponges),
• Demospongia (Bath Sponges
• Calcarea (calcareous sponges).
• Sclerospongiae (coralline sponges)
![Page 7: Porifera Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1beb7f8b9ab0599e4351/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What's a Hexactinellid?
• The hexactinellids, or glass sponges, are characterized by siliceous spicules consisting of 6 rays intersecting at right angles (toy jack)
• Hexactinellids are widely viewed as an early branch within the Porifera
![Page 8: Porifera Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1beb7f8b9ab0599e4351/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
hexactinellids
![Page 9: Porifera Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1beb7f8b9ab0599e4351/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Demospongia
• the most diverse sponge group
• > 90 percent of the 5,000 species
• found in many different environments, from warm high-energy intertidal settings to quiet cold abyssal depths
![Page 10: Porifera Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1beb7f8b9ab0599e4351/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Calcarea
• The only sponges that possess spicules composed of calcium carbonate
• diversity greatest in the tropics
• mainly found in shallow waters
![Page 11: Porifera Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1beb7f8b9ab0599e4351/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Sclerospongiae• Sclerospongiae (coralline or
tropical reef sponges), • Few living species known – most
prehistoric
![Page 12: Porifera Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1beb7f8b9ab0599e4351/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Water enters through pores called ostia, flows through canals to a spacious chamber called a
spongocoel, and finally exits through large openings called oscula.
![Page 13: Porifera Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1beb7f8b9ab0599e4351/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Feeding• Poriferans don't have mouths; instead,
they have tiny pores in their outer walls through which water is drawn (ostia)
• Cells in the sponge walls filter goodies from the water as the water is pumped through the body
• flow of water through the sponge is unidirectional, driven by the beating of flagella
![Page 14: Porifera Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1beb7f8b9ab0599e4351/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Feeding ContinuedFilter feeders Collar cells lined with cilia filter tiny food particles as they flow through the sponge. (choanocytes)The cilia produce a wave-like motion which forces water up and out ofthe sponge. Water enters through Pores called Ostia exits through osculum.
![Page 15: Porifera Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1beb7f8b9ab0599e4351/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Anatomy: 3 main types of canal in sponges• Asconoid: Canal runs straight through
the sponge & all choanocytes line acentral cavity called “spongocoel”
• Sycanoid: Canal has branches -allows water to wind through sponge body.
• Leuconoid: Most complicated, Many canals that lead to chambers that contain choanocytes.
![Page 16: Porifera Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1beb7f8b9ab0599e4351/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Porifera Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1beb7f8b9ab0599e4351/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Sponges composition• skeletons of sponges
can be composed of an organic substance called spongin (the stuff of an ordinary bath sponge)
• or they may have calcareous or siliceous skeletons composed of chambers, or more commonly rod-like branched elements called spicules
![Page 18: Porifera Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1beb7f8b9ab0599e4351/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Spicules• Large spicules (visible
to the unaided eye) are termed megalascleres
• small ones are called microscleres
• Spicules have four basic symmetries: (i) monaxon, (ii) triaxon, (iii) tetraxon, and (iv) polyaxon
![Page 19: Porifera Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1beb7f8b9ab0599e4351/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
spicular symmetry serve as the primary basis in poriferan classification
![Page 20: Porifera Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1beb7f8b9ab0599e4351/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Porifera Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1beb7f8b9ab0599e4351/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Sponge type spicules• Calcarea sponges -spicules of
calcium carbonate -1,3, or 4 rays.• Demospongiae - spicules made of
silica/Spongin -1,2 or 4 rays.• Hexactinellida –Silica spicules that
are 6 rayed.
![Page 22: Porifera Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1beb7f8b9ab0599e4351/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Reproduction• Hermaphroditic: no permanent gonads,
can become either egg or sperm.• Sperm is released from the canals & is
drawn into the canals of another sponge. • Larvae are released at a rate of 4-5/min.
for 3 to 4 days.• Larvae settle in an area that has a
bacteria or algae film on surface.• After settling it takes about 7 days for
these minature sponges to get up and running.
![Page 23: Porifera Developed by Adam Sprague & Dave Werner](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070616/5a4d1beb7f8b9ab0599e4351/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)