pontifical catholic university of rio grande do sul brazil electronic ballast platform - ebp dos...
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Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do SulPontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul
BrazilBrazil
Electronic Ballast Platform - EBP
Dos Reis, F. S.; Lima, J. C.; Tonkoski Jr., R.; Dantas, C. Dos Reis, F. S.; Lima, J. C.; Tonkoski Jr., R.; Dantas, C. G.; Suzuki, T.; Martinazzo, F.; Godinho, L. A.G.; Suzuki, T.; Martinazzo, F.; Godinho, L. A.
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES
THE ELECTRONIC BALLAST PLATFORMTHE ELECTRONIC BALLAST PLATFORM
BALLAST DESIGNBALLAST DESIGN
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTSEXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
- Environment preservation- Environment preservation
- Importance of electric power quality:- Importance of electric power quality:
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD);Total Harmonic Distortion (THD); Displacement Factor;Displacement Factor; Power Factor;Power Factor;
- - Energy crisis in 2001Energy crisis in 2001
-- Illumination Segment consume was Illumination Segment consume was
Estimated to be 30 % of total Electrical Estimated to be 30 % of total Electrical
Energy produced in the worldEnergy produced in the world
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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
- Develop an electronic ballast platform with - Develop an electronic ballast platform with
easy frequency and duty cycle variations and easy frequency and duty cycle variations and
simple control strategies implementation.simple control strategies implementation.
- This platform will allow the study and - This platform will allow the study and
development of ballasts for HID lamps. development of ballasts for HID lamps.
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HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS (HID):HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS (HID):
High Pressure Sodium Lamp (HPS)High Pressure Sodium Lamp (HPS)
• Discharge tube made of Synthesized Aluminum;
• Does not produce Ultraviolet radiation;
• Needs about 2.5 kV pulse for lamp ignition;
• One of the lamps with higher lifetime;
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HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS (HID):HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS (HID):
High Pressure Sodium Lamp (HPS)High Pressure Sodium Lamp (HPS)
The HPS lamps have many particularities when they operate in high frequency, such as:
• Can be modeled by a resistance in steady state;
• Can have controlled luminous intensity;
• The spectrum color reproduction can be modified;
• Presents the acoustic resonance phenomenon;
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■ Voltage■ Current
HID NEGATIVE RESISTENCEHID NEGATIVE RESISTENCE
LampCurrent
Positive Resistance
Negative Resistance
LampVoltage
Breakdown Voltage
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ELECTRONIC BALLAST STAGESELECTRONIC BALLAST STAGES
VO
LT
AG
E
TIME
EMI FILTER
MAINS(AC)
RECTIFIER PFP INVETER RESONANTFILTER
LAMP
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THE EBPTHE EBP
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PULSE GENERATORPULSE GENERATOR
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EBP PROTOTYPEEBP PROTOTYPE
48 MHz Clock Reference
FPGA Based PWM Optocouplers
Microcontroller
Serial Interface
8051 Microcontroller CPU
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DIGITAL PLL (FPGA) DIGITAL PLL (FPGA)
Serial Interface
Sdat
Sclk
Scom
Digital PLL
Tuning Word
Load
PWMAdjustable
Digital Dead Time
Variable Frequency Command Signal Out
Clock Reference
Fin
Duty Cycle
Load
To Drive Circuit
C Serial Interface
162
nFinFout
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Reg
Reg Phase/Ampl.Conversion
Load
12
1616
Phase Accumulator
Frequency Tuning Word
Clock Reference
Fout
DIGITAL PLLDIGITAL PLL
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A>BA
ComparatorB
Command Signal Out
N-Bits Counterfin
Duty Cycle RegisterLoad
Duty CycleWord
A>BA
ComparatorB
A>BA
ComparatorB
Command Signal Out
N-Bits CounterfinN-Bits
Counterfin
Duty Cycle RegisterLoad
Duty Cycle RegisterLoad
Duty CycleWord
PWM GENERATION PWM GENERATION
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INVERTER DRIVER (IR2110)INVERTER DRIVER (IR2110)
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BALLAST TOPOLOGYBALLAST TOPOLOGY
E
S1
S2
D1
D2
Cs
Cp
L
RLâmpadaI V
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0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 20
5000
1 104
1.5 104
2 104
2.5 104
3 104
30000
0
VL w( )
20 w
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 20
5
10
15
20
25
3030
0
IL w( )
20 w
Current
Voltage
0=3s
LAMP FREQUENCY RESPONSELAMP FREQUENCY RESPONSE
E
S1
S2
D1
D2
Cs
Cp
L
RLâmpadaI V
E
S1
S2
D1
D2
Cs
Cp
L
RLâmpadaI V
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LAMP IGNITION VOLTAGELAMP IGNITION VOLTAGE
0=3s
Using:
LF
Rc
se
Ev
21
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)sin()(,...5,3,1
tnn
VtV m
nE
E
Vm2
CIRCUIT SIMPLIFICATION CIRCUIT SIMPLIFICATION (AFTER IGNITION)(AFTER IGNITION)
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CIRCUIT EQUATIONSCIRCUIT EQUATIONS(AFTER IGNITION)(AFTER IGNITION)
AjQ
AA
QjA
R
AQZ
l
l
lamp
l
11
11
11),(
0
0
0
2
0
Mlamp
l VZ
RV
S
P
C
CA
Where:
lV
E
R
Z
2
2
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Gráfico da Variação da Impedância em função de Ql variando-se o parâmetro A
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.350
1
2
3
4
Z Ql1
10
Z Ql1
15
Z Ql1
20
Z Ql1
25
Z Ql1
30
GS Ql( )
Ql
Z/R
Ql
BALLAST DESIGN ABACUSBALLAST DESIGN ABACUS
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DESIGN ESPECIFICATIONDESIGN ESPECIFICATION
DC Voltage: E = 400VSwitching Frequency: Fs = 68 kHzLamp Nominal Power: P = 250 W
Lamp Nominal Voltage: Vl = 100 VLamp Nominal Resistence: R= 40 Ω
637.1 2
2
lV
E
R
Z
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INDUCTOR AND CAPACITORS INDUCTOR AND CAPACITORS DEFINITIONDEFINITION
With:
20
1A
141.0lQ
µHL 220 nFCP 9.2 nFCS 57
Gráfico da Variação da Impedância em função de Ql variando-se o parâmetro A
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.350
1
2
3
4
Z Ql1
10
Z Ql1
15
Z Ql1
20
Z Ql1
25
Z Ql1
30
GS Ql( )
Ql
Z/R = 1.637
Ql = 0.141
637.1 2
2
lV
E
R
Z
It is obtained:
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Experimental ResultsExperimental Results
Lamp operating in 65 kHz nominal frequency:
Lamp Voltage
Lamp Current
Lamp Power
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Experimental Results - DimmerizationExperimental Results - Dimmerization
Lamp operating in 100kHz:
Lamp Voltage
Lamp Current
Lamp Power
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0,0 1,2 2,4 3,6 4,8 6,0 7,2 8,4 9,6 10,8 12,0 13,2 14,4 15,6
Tempo (ms)
Pe
rce
ntu
al e
m r
ela
çã
o a
o p
ico
(%
)
Reator Eletrônico Reator EletromagnéticoElectronic Ballast Electromagnetic Ballast
Experimental Results – Light OscilogramExperimental Results – Light Oscilogram
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Normal Discharge
Discharge with Acoustic Resonance (18kHz)
Lamp Destroyed by Acoustic Resonance
Experimental ResultsExperimental ResultsAcoustic Resonance Acoustic Resonance
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PFPPFP
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CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
This paper described a flexible platform This paper described a flexible platform implementation using a microcontroller implementation using a microcontroller and FPGA based circuit system able to and FPGA based circuit system able to generate command signals for the generate command signals for the ballast switches. ballast switches.
The present platform allows the study The present platform allows the study of the control strategies influences in of the control strategies influences in lamps lifetime, in new dimming lamps lifetime, in new dimming techniques implementation, in avoiding techniques implementation, in avoiding acoustic resonance and in color acoustic resonance and in color reproduction alterations.reproduction alterations.
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CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
During the platform design, the EMI During the platform design, the EMI disturbs was a major problem. Because disturbs was a major problem. Because of EMI it was developed a new platform of EMI it was developed a new platform considering many precautions to avoid considering many precautions to avoid EMI.EMI.
It was presented a simple LCC ballast It was presented a simple LCC ballast design criteria presenting an abacus. design criteria presenting an abacus.
The EBP presents a high power factor The EBP presents a high power factor and works properly from 100 to 240 V.and works properly from 100 to 240 V.
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OBRIGADO!OBRIGADO!
Gracias!Gracias!
Thank You!Thank You!