pod legal pt2
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Part II: Podcasting theTraditional Classroom
Elizabeth Townsend GardLondon School of Economics/
Stanford Law School Center for Internet and Society
www.academiccopyright.typepad.com
http://www.academiccopyright.typepad.com/http://www.academiccopyright.typepad.com/ -
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Review of Part I
Basics of Podcasting Copyright and Podcasting How to determine whether a work is
under copyright Fair Use Licensing Right of Publicity
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Part II TopicsI. Podcasting in Higher Education (news)
II. Examples of the podcasted classroom
III. Legal Issues Creating a Podcast and using copyrighted works in the
podcast Who owns the podcast of the classroom
Legal discussion will include Section 110(1) and 110(2) [TEACH Act]
Students Works
The teacher exception and work for hire in copyrightownership
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Podcasting in Higher Ed
News stories: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Duke University 1 2 3 4 Syndication for Higher Ed Podcasts
Others (pre-cursors with less attention) Stanford and ITunes1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 MIT Open CourseWare Project Princetons University Channel12
Key Individuals: Prof. J.C. Bradley Lesser known projects they are all over the
country
http://www.ebusinessforum.com/index.asp?doc_id=8152&layout=rich_storyhttp://www.webujournal.com/media/paper245/news/2005/11/10/News/Podcasting.Could.Be.Wave.Of.Future.For.Class.Lectures-1051581.shtml?norewrite&sourcedomain=www.webujournal.comhttp://www.emorywheel.com/vnews/display.v/ART/2005/12/06/439504563c50d?in_archive=1http://www.duke.edu/ddi/ipod_about.htmlhttp://www.duke.edu/ddi/http://chronicle.com/weekly/v50/i47/47a02101.htmhttp://syndicateblog.petersons.com/wordpress/http://itunes.stanford.edu/http://www.apple.com/education/solutions/itunes_u/http://chronicle.com/free/2006/01/2006012501t.htmhttp://mfeldstein.com/index.php/weblog/permalink/whos_afraid_of_itunes_u/http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htmlhttp://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=2http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogsection&id=12&Itemid=12http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=17&Itemid=18http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=17&Itemid=18http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogsection&id=12&Itemid=12http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=2http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htmlhttp://mfeldstein.com/index.php/weblog/permalink/whos_afraid_of_itunes_u/http://chronicle.com/free/2006/01/2006012501t.htmhttp://www.apple.com/education/solutions/itunes_u/http://itunes.stanford.edu/http://syndicateblog.petersons.com/wordpress/http://chronicle.com/weekly/v50/i47/47a02101.htmhttp://www.duke.edu/ddi/http://www.duke.edu/ddi/ipod_about.htmlhttp://www.emorywheel.com/vnews/display.v/ART/2005/12/06/439504563c50d?in_archive=1http://www.webujournal.com/media/paper245/news/2005/11/10/News/Podcasting.Could.Be.Wave.Of.Future.For.Class.Lectures-1051581.shtml?norewrite&sourcedomain=www.webujournal.comhttp://www.ebusinessforum.com/index.asp?doc_id=8152&layout=rich_story -
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Questions surrounding podcasting
lectures and coursework Attendance 1 Blind Embracing 12 Little mention of legal implications
Comment from tuaw.com, "Apple Introduces iTunes U., Posted Jan 24th 2006
8:15PM by Damien Barrett
http://www.teach42.com/2006/01/24/podcast-versus-lecture-shootout/http://www.realtechnews.com/posts/2070http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/003688.htmlhttp://www.worldchanging.com/archives/003688.htmlhttp://www.realtechnews.com/posts/2070http://www.teach42.com/2006/01/24/podcast-versus-lecture-shootout/ -
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Why Does it Legally Matter Traditional rules of copyright ownership in a
classroom How does this change when podcasted
Does it change what we include as instructors? Do wethink of the classroom space differently?
What can we do to preserve the classroom space? What are the options in using copyrighted works?
Individual professors making choices Institutional support for making choices
How this might impact that ownership balance Does the instructor or the university own the
podcast? Will the ability to podcast change the traditional
balance?
Is this a threat to Academic Freedom?
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How is Podcasting Being Used
in the Classroom Replaying of Lectures (or alternative to
lectures) Professor Bradley and his Chemistry Lectures
UC Berkeley Webcasts Professor Samuelsons IP course at Berkeley Jennifer Burns Basic History Course
Courses at the University of Washington
Supplemental Materials to the Lectures Mark Ott at Jackson Community College* Pre-Lectures at Claremont*
(*as noted by Bradley)
Student presentations
More projects than podcasts see Duke U.
http://drexel-coas-elearning.blogspot.com/2005/11/curricula-by-google.htmlhttp://webcast.berkeley.edu/http://webcast.berkeley.edu/courses/archive.php?seriesid=1906978313http://webcast.berkeley.edu/courses/stream.php?type=real&webcastid=14708http://www.css.washington.edu/blog/http://docott.com/files.141/screencasts/http://ochem.jsd.claremont.edu/tutorials.htmhttp://ochem.jsd.claremont.edu/tutorials.htmhttp://docott.com/files.141/screencasts/http://www.css.washington.edu/blog/http://webcast.berkeley.edu/courses/stream.php?type=real&webcastid=14708http://webcast.berkeley.edu/courses/archive.php?seriesid=1906978313http://webcast.berkeley.edu/http://drexel-coas-elearning.blogspot.com/2005/11/curricula-by-google.html -
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Scenarios
Recording of live lectures
Alternative to live lectures (Bradleys
model; supplemental lectures; pre-
lectures)
Student presentations
Field Trips or mini-movies
The potentials are endless we are just
beginning
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Potential Uses and Users Chart
From Peter Mengs PODCASTING & VODCASTING: A WHITE PAPER(University of Missouri, March 2005) [note only the briefest mention of legalissues in the form of questions of ownership and tracking copyrighted info]
http://edmarketing.apple.com/adcinstitute/wp-content/Missouri_Podcasting_White_Paper.pdfhttp://edmarketing.apple.com/adcinstitute/wp-content/Missouri_Podcasting_White_Paper.pdf -
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See also
Higher Ed Podcast Purposes & Exampl (5 categories)
See also del.icio.us / wfryer/
higheredpodcasts
http://www.speedofcreativity.org/?p=673http://del.icio.us/http://del.icio.us/wfryerhttp://del.icio.us/wfryer/higheredpodcastshttp://del.icio.us/wfryer/higheredpodcastshttp://del.icio.us/wfryerhttp://del.icio.us/http://www.speedofcreativity.org/?p=673 -
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The Legal Side of thePodcasted Classroom
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Two Categories of Inquiry Creating Podcasts Who Owns Podcasts
Other Areas: Students work Open Lectures Using Others Podcasts in your
classroom or as part of your coursematerial
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Creating Podcasts: Copyright
IssuesAssuming we are talking about theinclusion of others copyrighted works
Because there is no problem using
public domain works
podsafe materials
Government works
your own creations Works you have gotten permission to use from
the copyright holder (See Part I)
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The Traditional Classroom and
Copyright Section 110(1):
Notwithstanding the provisions ofsection 106, thefollowing are not infringements of copyright:
performance or display of by instructors or pupilsin the course offace-to-faceteaching activities of anonprofit educational institution, in a classroomorsimilar place devoted to instruction, unless, inthe case of a motion picture or other audiovisualwork, the performance, or the display of individualimages, is given by means of a copy that was notlawfully made under this title, and that the personresponsible for the performance knew or had reason
to believe was not lawfully made;
http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#Slide%20106http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#Slide%20106 -
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Section 110(1) Performance ordisplay of a work by instructors or pupils in the course offace-to-faceteaching
activities of a nonprofit educational institution in a classroom orsimilar place
devoted to instruction Except if not lawfully made (re film
and audiovisual materials)
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Some Thoughts on 110(1) and
Podcasting Will it change what materials I use in my
class?
Ways around this Dont record copyrighted materials
Claim under fair use (see Part I)
What if I password protect it only for mystudents? See 110(2)
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The TEACH Act
The new law is, nevertheless, built around a
vision that distance education should occur
in discrete installments, each within aconfined span of time, and with all
elements integrated into a cohesive
lecture-like package.
New Copyright Law for Distance Education:The Meaning and Importance of the TEACH
Act, Prepared for ALA by: Kenneth D. Crews
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Section 110(2) or the TEACH Act
Much more complicated than 110(1) andmore restrictive
History Broader than the old version of 110(2), which wasreally meant for closed-circuit tv
Previously limited to only nondramatic works
What It Covers: Definition of DistanceLearning Requirements
http://www.ala.org/Template.cfm?Section=distanceed&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=25939http://www.ala.org/Template.cfm?Section=distanceed&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=25939 -
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Requirements for 110(2)Do you Make it through the Requirements?
Are you willing to password protect your work?
No? Stop here. You cannot use 110(2)
Do you want more than the enrolled students
in the course to have access to the copyrightedmaterials?
Yes? Stop here. You cannot use 110(2)
Are you an accreditednonprofit educationalinstitution?
No? Stop here. You cannot use 110(2)
http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#Slide%20110http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#Slide%20110 -
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Do you want the podcast with the copyrighted
materials available beyond the term of the
course?Yes? Stop here. You cannot use 110(2)
Are the materials you want to use marketed
for an distance or online courses?Yes? Stop here. You cannot use 110(2)
Does your institution have a copyright policy
in place, and do they provide copyright
information materials to the students?
No? Stop here. You cannot use 110(2).
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If you have made it this far..
Additional Requirements Your institution must
Have a clear copyright policy for students,
and instructors. Have implemented digital rights
management to keep students from being
able to use the copyrighted materials
beyond the time of the course
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If you are still wanting to use
110(2)
What you get Performance of any nondramatic literary or
musical work
Performances of any other work, includingdramatic works and audiovisual works, but
only in "reasonable and limited portions"; and
Displays of any work "in an amount
comparable to that which is typically
displayed in the course of a live classroom
session."
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This can be transmitted to students
anywhere (no restrictions like in 110(1)of face-to-face classroom or similar
setting)
Allows for digitizing of limited amountsof an anolog work if not in digital form
Allows for limited storage
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What it does not include
Illegal copies
Any materials designed and marketed
for distance learning courses
Large scanning of materials, like a
textbook
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Further Requirements for the
Instructor
Oversight of use of copyrighted works
Copyrighted works are integral to teaching
The display or performance of thecopyrighted work "is made by, at the
direction of, or under the actual supervision
of an instructor";
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A few more requirements
You must give notice to the students
that materials used in connection with
the course may be subject to copyright
protection."
There must be technological controls in
place, besides password protection, to
keep students from furtherdisseminating the copyrighted works.
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Helpful Resources for the TEACH
Act
Laura Gasaways chart comparing 110(1) and110(2)
ALA | Distance Education and the TEACH Act TEACH Act Toolkit: NCSU Libraries 1 The TEACH Act from UT Austin Checklist for Compliance with the TEACH Act
from the Copyright Management Center atIUPUI. NEA Higher Education - Intellectual Property
on the TEACH Act
http://www.unc.edu/~unclng/TEACH.htmhttp://www.ala.org/washoff/teach.htmlhttp://www.lib.ncsu.edu/scc/legislative/teachkit/http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/scc/legislative/teachkit/overview.htmlhttp://www.utsystem.edu/ogc/intellectualproperty/teachact.htmhttp://www.copyright.iupui.edu/teachlist.htmhttp://www.nea.org/he/abouthe/teachact.htmlhttp://www.nea.org/he/abouthe/teachact.htmlhttp://www.copyright.iupui.edu/teachlist.htmhttp://www.utsystem.edu/ogc/intellectualproperty/teachact.htmhttp://www.lib.ncsu.edu/scc/legislative/teachkit/overview.htmlhttp://www.lib.ncsu.edu/scc/legislative/teachkit/http://www.ala.org/washoff/teach.htmlhttp://www.unc.edu/~unclng/TEACH.htm -
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Where does Podcasting Fit?
Does 110(1) ever work? Under what situations would 110(2) work?
Stanford and Duke at ITunes U Alternatives (esp to podcasts not password protection)
Dont record/include copyrighted materials even though it isshown in the classroom
MIT Lectures of Walter Lewin -- First lecture: Powers of Tenmovie not included in the podcast [this is one way to strike abalance]
-- Get permission to use/license from copyright holder (see Part I ofthis podcast)
-- Dont use others copyrighted materials; only use your own works,public domain works, or podsafe works. (See Part I of thispodcast)
-- Rely on Fair Use (see Part I of this podcast)
http://www.apple.com/education/solutions/itunes_u/http://mfile.akamai.com/7870/rm/mitstorage.download.akamai.com/7870/8/8.01/f99/videolectures/wl99lec1-80k.rmhttp://mfile.akamai.com/7870/rm/mitstorage.download.akamai.com/7870/8/8.01/f99/videolectures/wl99lec1-80k.rmhttp://www.apple.com/education/solutions/itunes_u/ -
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Other issues: Open Lectures
University of Virginia their suggested
release form
What am I signing when I am giving a
lecture
What can I do with my lecture materials
What can the school do with the lecture
What can others do with the lecture (isthere a Creative Commons license
attached to the lecture?)
http://www.virginia.edu/uvapodcast/http://www.virginia.edu/uvapodcast/release.dochttp://www.virginia.edu/uvapodcast/release.dochttp://www.virginia.edu/uvapodcast/ -
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Other Examples of Special Lectures
UC Santa Cruz
Synergy Lecture Podcasts
at EPN
Lots and lots of examples
Center for Social Media podcast
relating to fair use and Untold Stories.
Princeton Universitys
University Channel
http://epnweb.org/player.php?podshow=http://qt.library.ucsc.edu/mov/synergy/lect5.mp3&podcast=UC%20Santa%20Cruz%20Synergy%20Lecture%20Podcasts&program=Lecture%205:%20Dr.%20Susan%20Schwartzhttp://epnweb.org/player.php?podshow=http://qt.library.ucsc.edu/mov/synergy/lect5.mp3&podcast=UC%20Santa%20Cruz%20Synergy%20Lecture%20Podcasts&program=Lecture%205:%20Dr.%20Susan%20Schwartzhttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/rock/sbpreleasepodcast.mp3http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=2http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=2http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/rock/sbpreleasepodcast.mp3http://epnweb.org/player.php?podshow=http://qt.library.ucsc.edu/mov/synergy/lect5.mp3&podcast=UC%20Santa%20Cruz%20Synergy%20Lecture%20Podcasts&program=Lecture%205:%20Dr.%20Susan%20Schwartzhttp://epnweb.org/player.php?podshow=http://qt.library.ucsc.edu/mov/synergy/lect5.mp3&podcast=UC%20Santa%20Cruz%20Synergy%20Lecture%20Podcasts&program=Lecture%205:%20Dr.%20Susan%20Schwartz -
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Princeton Universitys
University Channel
How it Works
Terms of Use A
Creative Commons License Contributors
Some examples (list)
One specific example
http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=2http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=16&Itemid=4http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogsection&id=12&Itemid=12http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=66&Itemid=18http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=66&Itemid=18http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogsection&id=12&Itemid=12http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=16&Itemid=4http://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=2 -
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Other Issues: Using Others
Podcasts as Part of Your Course
Watching in class no problems
Assigning for homework? Sending them
to a link? No problemsIncluding part of someone elses podcast
in your podcast Problems, maybe(copyright issues)
Administrative problems? Can I assignmy students to listen to lectures at adifferent university?
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Fair Use and Podcasting the
Traditional Classroom See Part I for basics of Fair Use
Password protected? 110(2) + fair use
Other Helpful Sources
Center for Social Media
Best Practices in Fair Use
Peter Jaszis
Yes, you can! Where you dont even
http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/rock/backgrounddocs/bestpractices.pdfhttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/rock/backgrounddocs/free_userev.pdfhttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/rock/backgrounddocs/free_userev.pdfhttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/rock/backgrounddocs/bestpractices.pdf -
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Thinking Thru Podcasting the
Traditional Classroom - Scenarios My Current Class
Undergraduate copyright course As review? Post-Lecture Materials?
Podcasts of the Lectures themselves? LLM Comparative and International Copyright
course News Student presentations
Podcasts, music and short films from the Internet My spouses English Literature courses
Course using contemporary films Course using advertisements, paintings, and
popular songs
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One More Important Issue:
Who Owns the new Podcast
The teacher exception before the1976 Act
Work for Hire and the teacher Today, teacher exception as judge-
made law has been replaced byuniversity-based policies
Digital Divide: traditional works versusdistance learning
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The teacher exception
What is the teacher exception Judge-made long standing exception to employers owning
copyrighted works of employees in teaching environment 1976 Act: no mention of teacher exception - was it incorporated?
7th
circuit: now university-policy based exception (more shakyground) The teacher exception today and university policies
Intellectual Property or Copyright Policies and
Distance Learning Policies;
For more about this, see Elizabeth Townsend, Legal and PolicyResponses to the Disappearing Teacher Exception, orCopyright Ownership in the 21st Century University, 4 Minn.Intell. Prop. Rev. 209 (2003) (available athttp://mipr.umn.edu/archive/v4n2/townsend.pdf
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Some Questions: Podcasting,
Ownership and Teaching Who owns the podcasts? Who needs the lecturer now?
Will it become a requirement in onesteaching contract? (the supervision partof the work for hire Reidtestrequirements)
Is there anything wrong with assigninganother teachers podcasts?
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Conclusion: The Bigger Picture
What Does the Future Hold for
Podcasts in Higher Ed?
Exciting Possibilities of Access and Democracy of
Knowledge?
Creativity? Dynamic Classrooms? A Postmodern
Learning Environment?
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MIT - Open CourseWare Project
Watching the MIT Lectures of Walter Lewin 1200 courses as of December 2005 (not all of these are
podcasts) Notice most podcasts are science courses
MIT OCW is not a distance-education or degree-grantinginitiative. Distance education involves the active exchange ofinformation between faculty and students, with the goal ofobtaining some form of a credential. MIT OCW is not meant toreplace degree-granting higher education or for-credit courses.Rather, the goal is to provide the content that supports an
education. (FAQ) How can I use MIT OCW? (no. 10 FAQ) Goals reflected in Creative Commons license Legal Notice
http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/AboutOCW/about-ocw.htmhttp://artcoder.blogspot.com/2006/02/watching-mit-lectures-of-walter-lewin.htmlhttp://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/all-courses.htmhttp://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/OCWHelp/avocw.htmhttp://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/OCWHelp/help.htm#Part%20II%20Topicshttp://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/OCWHelp/help.htm#Part%20II%20Topicshttp://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/terms-of-use.htmhttp://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/terms-of-use.htmhttp://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/OCWHelp/help.htm#Part%20II%20Topicshttp://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/OCWHelp/help.htm#Part%20II%20Topicshttp://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/OCWHelp/avocw.htmhttp://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/all-courses.htmhttp://artcoder.blogspot.com/2006/02/watching-mit-lectures-of-walter-lewin.htmlhttp://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Global/AboutOCW/about-ocw.htm -
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Or Gloomy 1984-esque
Prediction?
Academic Freedom?
The disappearing teacher exception? Professors become obsolete?
A new model of education?
Purdue Us BoilerCast (course list)
http://boilercast.itap.purdue.edu:1013/Boilercast/Whatisboilercast.htmhttp://boilercast.itap.purdue.edu:1013/Boilercast/Whatisboilercast.htmhttp://boilercast.itap.purdue.edu:1013/Boilercast/Whatisboilercast.htmhttp://boilercast.itap.purdue.edu:1013/Boilercast/Whatisboilercast.htm -
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Conclusion
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FOR MORE INFORMATION
ELIZABETH TOWNSEND GARD, Ph.D., J.D., LL.M.
COLETTE VOGELE, Esq.([email protected])
All content in this presentation is licensed under the Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License. Please attribute this
presentation as follows: Podcasting in the Classroom
2006 Elizabeth Townsend Gard, Colette Vogele.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]