po19 007 morton jaffray - kubatana.net

WATER TREATMENT -

CITY OF HARARE PROPOSAL

Prepared by: Gideon Reyneke 15 March 2019Proposal number: PO19_001_004

Tel: +2711 792 1440 Email: [email protected] Page ! 1

Chlorine Dioxide Done RightClear

mailto:[email protected]

Table of Content

1. Purpose of Proposal 3 2. Situational Analysis 3 3. Demonstration - Findings and Results 5 4. Jar Test - Findings and Results 10 5. The impact of the Chlorine Dioxide results 12 6. Approach 13 7. ClO2 Chemical Consumption - Monthly: 14 8. Similar - Clear CC System Setup: 15 9. Delivery Period: 16 10. Payment Terms: 16 11. Exclusions: 16 12.Summary of Supply: 17 13. Appendix A 19 14. Appendix B 21 15. Appendix C 23



1. PURPOSE OF PROPOSAL

The demonstration was meant to look at how the treatment processes can be optimized through the use of Nanotech Solutions. In that regard this proposal is meant to address all major concerns the City of Harare has expressed. We are confronted with an 8 product treatment regime, which comes with high costs.

There are complexities in the management of this 8 product regime which include, but are not limited to; process failures, water quality concerns and most importantly the failure of this battery of chemicals to eradicate the menacing algae, which in turn results in between 30-35% water losses experienced at the Morton Jaffray Waterworks as a result of increased backwash cycles necessitated by the clogged filters, which is not in conformity with the treatment works design criteria.

2. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

The situational analysis by Nanotech focused on the following areas:

• Design Capacity,• Operational Design,• Number of chemicals and quantities, which are unusually too high,• The current main coagulant, (i.e. Aluminium Sulphate) in use, which has a number of

undesirable impurities e.g. iron,• Water quality challenges on both raw water and final treated water, and• Poor public perception regarding municipal tap water

The situational analysis that we carried out also gave us the opportunity to understand the gravity and extent of the challenges, which opportunity enabled Nanotech to come up with a unique tailor-made solution specifically for Morton Jaffray Waterworks.

Our initial prognosis indicated that the problem could be solved by the application of Chlorine Dioxide. To further confirm our initial findings we firstly carried out a laboratory trial on site and subsequently a plant trial/demonstration.



Both the laboratory and plant trials/demonstrations fully demonstrated that Nanotech Technology will bring great relief to the City and Rate Payers of Harare in terms of improved water production and quality. Our findings further demonstrated that the aforementioned problems/challenges, will be addressed by Nanotech’s holistic approach of managing treatment water processes. In addition, the below listed challenges which have dogged the City for over Twenty (20) years will also be completely eradicated by Nanotech Technology:

• Algal contamination from the algal blooms in both Lakes Chivero and to a limited extent Lake Manyame, which principally emanate from the nutrient enrichment of both Lakes from sewage and industrial effluents,

• Microbial outbreaks from pathogenic bacteria, such as Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, protozoan cysts such as from Giardia sp and Cryptosporidium parvum, Viruses, etc.),

• Taste, Odour & Colour which are associated with a plethora of algal species and organic substances from the water hyacinth Eichornia crasips, Kariba weed, etc.,

• Decreasing backwashing frequencies as the algae is killed by Chlorine Dioxide and rendered inert for easier coagulation and settling, a situation that is impossible from any of the current chemicals in use at Morton Jaffray Water Works, and

• Finally the Clarity and Throughput of water is increased.

Nanotech’s service further offered in this proposal is to reduce the number of chemicals in use from the current Eight (8) to around Two(2) or Three(3) and simultaneously reduce the costs by approximately 40% per month, whilst supporting Harare Water with ongoing expertise for the water treatment works upgrade and Management Information Systems (MIS) to ensure that the Morton Jaffray Water Treatment Plant runs at its optimum capacity and thereby deliver increased drinking water of a better quality to the Residents and Rate Payers of Harare. As Nanotech we are pleased to inform you that the implementation of our proposal will bring about the following:

• Chemical Consumption Reduction,• Reducing the current “8 product” treatment regime to approximately 2 or 3 water

treatment chemicals.• Logistic and delivery management which is currently a thorn in the flesh for the City will be

resolved once and for all,• Water Production Capacity increase and losses reduction of between 20 to 30%,• This would equate to 100 ML/D, based on current Water Treatment operating capacities.



Based on Nanotech’s assessment, continuous improvement in the Water Treatment Plant’s capacity will be achievable through the Water Treatment Plant’s Upgrade programme, which we envisage to implement at a monthly injection of US$ 50 000.00. Nanotech will:

• Actively engage the City of Harare regarding required upgrades.• Capacitate the City on various fronts and also empower Harare citizens within these

upgrade projects.

3. DEMONSTRATION - FINDINGS AND RESULTS

3.1 Summary of the trialAs you may be aware, the primary objective of the trial was to demonstrate the oxidative capacity of Chlorine Dioxide on the plant's incoming and inherent algae in the plant and its associated toxins, pathogenic (disease-causing) microorganisms and other micro-contaminants. In this scientific plant trial, Clarifier number 8 was targeted as the Test Clarifier whilst Clarifier number 10 was the control Clarifier.

The plant trial results were as follows:

1. 100% oxidation and/or removal of algae and associated toxins especially hepatotoxins (i.e. toxins that affect the liver) and neurotoxins (i.e. toxins that affect the central nervous system) by Chlorine Dioxide;

2. 100% removal of biofilms and associated algae in the Clarifies number 8, and

3. Consequently, the water clarity was visually and aesthetically improved.

The significance of the results are as follows:

1. Oxidation of algae particularly filamentous algae, which is not possible with the current battery of chemicals. Chlorine Dioxide usage will lead to less Rapid Sand Filter backwashes, longer filter run times and consequently more water produced;

2. Removal of inherent biofilms in the Rapid Sand Filters and subsequently from the Distribution Network will lead to improved aesthetic quality of drinking water, maintenance of free residual chlorine and reduced consumption of chlorine;

3. Oxidation of algae and its algal hepatotoxins and neurotoxins which have health effects to people and animals will lead to significant reduction or total elimination of Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) as confirmed by the Chartered Institute of Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM), London;

4. Oxidation of algae will enable improved effectiveness of the main coagulant Aluminium Sulphate as this coagulant is not able to coagulate and settle live algae.



All of the above addresses the 20 year old algae problem.

3.2 Microscope Pictures: Clarifier 8 - Before Chlorine Dioxide

The above are the various species of algae such as Anaebena sp., Mycrocystis Aeroginosa which are inherent in Lake Chivero and Manyame and have been isolated by a number of researchers such as Professor Magadza at the University of Zimbabwe (through funding from the City of Harare to the Hydrobiology Section at the University of Zimbabwe) and were also identified during the demonstration.



3.3 Test Clarifier 8 - Dead Algal Microscopic Pictures: During application with Chlorine Dioxide

* Refer to the separate document for further comparisons - “Microscope Photos”

* In this state the main coagulant “Alum” becomes more effective.



3.4 Control Clarifier 10 - Live Algal Microscopic Pictures:

Without Chlorine Dioxide



3.5 Comparison Graph* Refer to the separate document for further comparisons - “Trial - Laboratory Results”

* Clarifier 10 was a used as a “control” to evaluate Clarifier 8’s performance having been dosed with Chlorine Dioxide.

SummaryThe Raw water indicated a high level of algae matter from the beginning to the end of the demonstration, which is indicated by the “red” line in the graph. Furthermore, it is evident that Clarifier 10 similarly experienced high levels, compared to Clarifier 8 which on day one experienced a 86% decrease in its algae counts. The demonstration / trial ended with a 100 % oxidation of all algae in Clarifier 8.


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A comparison of total algae

Raw water

Clarifier No.10

Clarifier No.8

Linear (Raw water)

Linear (Clarifier No.10)

Linear (Clarifier No.8)


4. JAR TEST - FINDINGS AND RESULTS

4.1 Images of Test Work

4.2 Comparison Sludge Results

* Both images - Alum @ 85 ppm in left cylinder, Nanotech @ 25 ppm in the right hand cylinder.



4.3 Comparison Floc Formation

* Aluminium Sulphate @ 85 ppm in left cylinder (Little to no floc formation),

* Nanotech @ 25 ppm in the right hand cylinder (decent floc formation).

4.4 Summary

Nanotech has at this point tested several (± 18) samples of specifically formulated Polymer, coagulant mixtures. After a process of elimination we then continued our tests through experimenting several more samples by conducting ongoing Jar Test during the trial period.

We have successfully formulated a product that can be dosed at 35 ppm or less and give you better results in clarity and smaller sludge volumes, than the current treatment regime using 85 ppm of Aluminium Sulphate.

The decreased dosage and a smaller sludge volumes (between 40%-60% less sludge), relate back to considerable cost savings with an improved throughput which has a better quality product.



5. THE IMPACT OF THE CHLORINE DIOXIDE RESULTS

1. Chlorine Dioxide demonstrated that it effectively removes algae and all other organic substances. Chlorine Dioxide is capable of 100% elimination of viruses, bacteria, protozoa such as Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia sp. etc and fungi.

2. Improved water quality,

- Pathogenic free water,- Algal toxin free water,- Aesthetically clear water, and- Odourless water,- Will lead to increased confidences by the residents and rate payers of

Harare

3. Increase in water production because of less cycles of sand filter backwashes.

4. Increase in the City of Harare’s revenue as a result of increased water production.

5. Chlorine dioxide demonstrated it’s multi- properties in the trial which will lead to a reduction in the battery of chemicals in use

- A very effective disinfectant which can be used in place of chlorine gas.

- Improved effectiveness of the main coagulant. In this case reduced application of aluminium sulphate by over 40%.

- Chlorine dioxide operates optimally regardless of the ph of the water. The use of white hydrated lime will not be necessary.

- The nature in which chlorine dioxide acts against microbes is such that it doesn’t create odour and carcinogenic Trihalomethane's problems like chlorine gas does. That said, activated carbon will not be required.

- Because Cl02 is such an effective oxidant the current use of HTH for pre-treatment won’t be necessary

6. The City stands to save millions of dollars per year, which could be channeled to other deserving service delivery activities, if it adopts chlorine dioxide. Residents on the other hand will be getting value for money.

7. The increased water production will significantly lead to total elimination of medieval diseases such as Cholera and Typhoid



5.1 Way Forward

The introduction of Nanotech Chlorine Dioxide together with their coagulant will result in Harare having world class drinking water which also augurs well in the interest of public health which will result in the City giving a product that is value for money to it`s valued clients, so it is strongly advisable that the adoption of chlorine dioxide for water treatment be implemented forthwith.

As Nanotech, we now fully understand the constraints and the solutions needed at Morton Jaffray waterworks. Equipped with the appreciation of the problem at hand we as Nanotech have given your algae laden water situation our outmost priority.

Nanotech is ready to commit itself to a working relationship with the City, the dictates of which shall be contained in a Memorandum of Agreement.

6. APPROACH

The aim is to install a Chlorine Dioxide Generators at the water treatment plant to maximise the Chlorine Dioxide production, whilst cutting down on Chemical transport cost. The generators have been sized accordingly:

Chlorine Dioxide Treatment - System sizing:

Plant Name: Pre Treatment ClO2 System Size (g/hr)

Post Treatment ClO2 System Size (g/hr)

MJ Module 1 15 kg / hr 5 kg / hr





7. CLO2 CHEMICAL CONSUMPTION - MONTHLY:

Nanotech will also be supplying a tailor made Polymer / Coagulant combination specifically formulated for Morton Jaffray Water Works.

Chemical consumptions cannot not be assured, these values are mere assumptions and would need to verified. The consumptions are based on the following:

* Note: Chemical consumptions are mere assumptions on the minimum dosage rates indicated, they may increase depending the varying quality / condition of the water that needs to be treated.

* Note: Chemical consumptions are based on the current capacity of Morton Jaffray plant, which is currently 400 MLD.


MJ Module 1 - Consumption for Pre & Post TreatmentDescription Quantity - Month

1 Sodium Chlorite 25 % 56 543 L

2 Chlorine Gas 7 371 Kg


1 Sodium Chlorite 25 % 84 815 L2 Chlorine Gas 11 057 Kg


1 Sodium Chlorite 25 % 84 815 L

2 Chlorine Gas 11 057 Kg


8. SIMILAR - CLEAR CC SYSTEM SETUP:


CV1

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S M

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CV1

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PT 104

SG10

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PT 103

CV1

05C

V106

SV10

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BV10

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BV10

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4C

V103

ED10

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2P1

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FM 102

FM 103

FM 101

PT 101

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SV10

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PT 102

SODI

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CL2

GAS

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ClO

210

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BV10

6

BV10

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CL1

01

SP10

1

MV1

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PH 101


9. DELIVERY PERIOD:

Our Delivery Period is between 2 to 6 weeks, which shall commence upon receipt of a confirmed order/Purchase Order.

10. PAYMENT TERMS: 1) Letter of Credit, for a period of One (1) year in advance.2) Monthly withdrawal against the Letter of Credit, in advance. Alternatively advance

payment against a performance guarantee provided by Nanotech.

11. EXCLUSIONS:

➡ Utilities and connections: need to be available at a connection point ➡ Site Inspection and Verification Visit➡ Safe and Suitable site for chemical storage tanks and generator to be identified by

customer➡ Civil and building infrastructure (All civil’s)➡ Safety File➡ All prices exclude VAT/Taxes/Duties/Permissions➡ Connections and Cabling up to the battery limits of our equipment➡ Water Feed / Dosing & Drain lines are limited to 10 meters ➡ No provisions have been made for “Withholding taxes”➡ Incoterm for the Project will be FCA - No transport cost allowed for by Nanotech,

only packaging costs allowed for.➡ Any fees, tax, clearance, expenses also of the banks, including the LC confirmation➡ Any quantity of items/services exceeding the listed ones.➡ Any local/international Air Tickets, board, travel, lodging Expense, Visa charge of

Customer's personnel ➡ Exclusion of specific documents (QC’s etc.)➡ Any item, service, quantity not expressly indicated by our offer➡ Disposal of yard rubbish according to local environment regulations➡ Warranties are Back-to-Back with manufacturer warranties

๏The warranty is specific to components ➡ ClO2 Generator warranty is valid for 12 months

๏Linked to the use of Clear S25 during this period➡ Chlorine Dioxide Research and Development – Inspections



12.SUMMARY OF SUPPLY: Following our discussion on presentation of preliminary proposal the following:

1. Our proposed technology will supply input Chemicals, Sodium Chlorite and Chlorine gas to produce Chlorine Dioxide.

2. Nanotech will modify and install 6 x Clear CC Systems at Morton Jaffray (MJ) Water Treatment Plant and, for Pre & Post treatment.

3. Sodium Chlorite Mixing facilities would be established, along with the requirements for the tailor made chemical mixing and dosing facilities - Nanotech will engage City of Harare to utilise current facilities / equipment to ensure the equipment on site are utilised.

4. Any upgrade done by Nanotech to Morton Jaffray (MJ) Water Treatment Plant, which falls outside of this scope of supply would lead to a rollover of the contract into a new contract period term.

5. Monthly TAILOR MADE chemical will be supplied, to a maximum dosage of 35 ppm on the current 400 MLD capacity of the Morton Jaffray (MJ) Water Treatment Plan.

6. The Sodium Chlorite is an imported product and hence relies 98% on the international market pricing, as well as the Rate of Exchange - Herewith the client confirms that he understands this.

7. Yearly price increases will be tabled based on international rate of exchange, inflation, consumer price indexes. Equipment installed by Nanotech will be transferred to the City free of Charge after 3 years of operation

8. Nanotech will utilise as much equipment available onsite to decrease the possible capital outlay to the City of Harare, making use of free standing chemical tanks, chlorinators and chlorine gas equipment and supply line as well as the aluminium sulphate mixing facility.

9. At the end of the contract period the ownership of the plant can be transferred to Harare Water at a fee. Exchange rate fluctuations will be tabled when it makes sense without complicating the issue and having to make frequent adjustments unnecessary.

10.The fixed monthly fee of US$ 2 100 000.00 starts as soon as we have received the Letter of Credit having been approved, which can be drawn on the 1st of each month in advance.The fixed monthly fee of US$ 2 100 000.00 is inclusive of all the chemicals necessary for the pre and post treatment processes of the current 400 MLD at Morton Jaffray.

11.OPEX savings could be as much as US$ 12 000 000.00 per annum.



12. An added advantage to Harare Water is having a company with a ISO Accreditation and a long standing track record.

13.Within the contract we can guarantee that over the initial 2 to 4 weeks period, the water quality will be greatly improved, with advantages which will be reflected over the entire distribution network.

* Subject to Nanotech Water Solutions Terms and Conditions of Sale, which can be downloaded from our Website.

* Monthly Fee of US$ 2 100 000.00 is effective for a period of 12 months, early cancellation is subject to penalties to the value of the full contract value.


Contract - Monthly Supply Components: Tick

1. 25% Sodium Chlorite - Based on a maximum supply of kg’s / month as indicated for all generators Point 7 of this

proposal.- Take Note: any and all the calculations have been made based on the current production

levels of 400 MLD, any and all increases in dosage requirements will be billed for the client's account at a linear ratio.

- Take Note: The price of Sodium Chlorite is linked to international exchange rate and changes in these rates would be tabled to Harare water.

- Take Note: The fixed feed contract value is directly linked to the plants current capacity, an increase in capacity will have correlated increase in the contract value

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2. Chlorine Gas- Based on a maximum supply of kg’s / month as indicated for all generators Point 7 of this

proposal.1

3. Service per month- Onsite placement of Operators- Weekly Site Visits, accommodated with Service Reports.

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4. Maintenance Allowance Component- Chemical Delivery Included- Weekly Site visits- Maintenance and service of all components listed Point 8. Equipment supply- Weekly Water Samples and Jar Tests, with adjustments to ensure chemical dosages are at it

optimum.

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5. Speciality Chemical Supply- Pre treatment flocculants and coagulant supply.

- Take Note: any and all the calculations have been made based on the current production levels of 400 MLD, any and all increases in dosage requirements will be billed for the client's account at a linear ratio.

- Take Note: The fixed feed contract value is directly linked to the plants current capacity, an increase in capacity will have correlated increase in the contract value.

1

6. Nanotech will provide Generators and ancillary equipment (No CAPEX for the equipment upfront.) 1


13. APPENDIX A

The initiation of drinking water treatment around 1900 was a major contributor to the dramatic increase in average life expectancy, from 47.3 years in 1900, to 69.7 years in 1960. Likewise, the initiation of the use of chlorine in fruit dump tanks about 20 years ago resulted in a dramatic reduction in fruit decay.

In this new millennium all water treatment applications are being challenged with new guidelines and changing markets. For instance, new U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations have reduced the acceptable level of chlorinated disinfection by-products, such as chloroform, that can be present in drinking water. Such guidelines encourage the use of lower doses of chlorine in drinking water. However, at the same time, another new regulation requires drinking water facilities to maintain their water systems free from harmful pathogens such as cryptosporidium. In order to minimise the risk of pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water, this new regulation encourages the use of higher levels of chlorine.

Watch-dog environmental groups are taking legal action against municipal water treatment plants that are out of compliance with chlorine residuals and high levels of chlorinated-organic by-products THM formations present in the discharge water.

So what is the ideal disinfectant?

Based on the findings of the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre as shown above, it can be seen that Chlorine Dioxide is the ideal disinfectant agent.


Ozone

Chloramine UV Radiation

Ideal Disinfectant Chlorine

Chlorine Dioxide


13.1 Disinfection Options

Disinfection of water protects the public from potential exposure to pathogenic microorganisms that would otherwise be present in the water, due to wastewater effluent that is discharged into waterbodies that may be used for recreation or drinking water. Water disinfection has traditionally been accomplished using some form of chlorination. In fact, more than 60% of the 20,000 municipal water treatment plants in North America use chlorination as the primary method of disinfection. Although an effective disinfectant, chlorine (and related compounds) has come under increased scrutiny because of regulatory, safety, and security issues. Many treatment facilities are now considering disinfection alternatives to be used either solely or in combination with traditional chlorination for the treatment of effluent into sensitive receiving waters.

Some chlorine-based alternative disinfectants are:

∗ Chloramines: These are chemical compounds formed by combining a specific ratio of chlorine and ammonia in water. Because chloramines are relatively weak as a disinfectant, they are almost never used as a primary disinfectant. Chloramines provide a durable residual, and are often used as a secondary disinfectant for long distribution lines and where free chlorine demand is high. Chloramines may also be used instead of chlorine in order to reduce chlorinated by-product formation and to remove some taste and odour problems.

∗ Chlorine dioxide (ClO2): This is generated on-site at water treatment facilities. In most generators sodium chlorite and elemental chlorine are mixed in solution, which almost instantaneously forms chlorine dioxide. Chlorine dioxide characteristics are quite different from chlorine. In solution it is a dissolved gas, which makes it largely unaffected by pH but volatile and relatively easily stripped from solution. Chlorine dioxide is also a strong disinfectant and a selective oxidant. While chlorine dioxide does produce a residual it is only rarely used for this purpose.

13.2 The Ideal Disinfectant - Perfected

Nanotech reinvented chlorine dioxide as the preferred killing agent and mechanism, outperforming its fellow competitors by multiple log reductions: safely and effectively. Chlorine Dioxide - The Nanotech way! Your ultimate solution to the invisible world of microbiological challenges has arrived.



Nanotech re-engineered chlorine dioxide generation methods to adapt to changing customer requirements and sensitivity to dangerous by-products and contaminants added to their processes. Nanotech designed chlorine dioxide generators to produce PURE CLO2 gas dissolved in water with efficiencies equal to that of stoichiometric chemistry. (Compare to some techniques with 58% conversion efficiency).

14. APPENDIX B

Up until the late 1970s, chlorine was virtually the only disinfectant used to treat drinking water. Chlorine was considered an almost ideal disinfectant but, more recently, drinking water providers have faced an array of new challenges, including:

Treating resistant pathogens such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium; Minimizing disinfection by-products; New environmental and safety regulations; and Strengthening security at treatment facilities. Deterioration of water quality.

To meet these new challenges, water system managers must design unique disinfection approaches to match each system’s characteristics and source water quality. While chlorination remains the most commonly used disinfection method by far, water systems may use alternative disinfectants, including chloramines, chlorine dioxide, ozone and ultraviolet radiation. No single disinfection method is right for all circumstances, and it is for this specific reason the demonstration was conducted to ensure we were deploying the disinfection / oxidation strategy.

14.1 The Efficacy of Chlorine Dioxide

One alternative to bleach is chlorine dioxide (ClO). Chlorine dioxide was first used to replace chlorine as a pulp bleaching aid, because of the formation of toxic chlorinated by-products from chlorine use (equation 3a). Chlorine dioxide does not chlorinate organic molecules, but instead oxidizes them (equation 3b).

HOCl + Organic Molecule Chlorinated Organic Molecule ClO2 + Organic Molecule Oxidized Organic Molecule



As an example of this important chemical difference, Table 1 provides the biocidal efficacy and trihalomethane (THM) formation of HOCl and ClO2 in a side-by-side pear dump tank study. There are two primary points to learn from this study. First, ClO2 at 1/10th the dose of chlorine gives better performance for minimization of penicillium and yeast populations in the dump tank water. Three part per million of ClO2 outperformed 30 ppm of NaOCl. This is consistent with numerous studies in drinking water and cooling water industries, showing that ClO2 is less consumed than chlorine by the organic debris in the water. An excellent resource for comparative disinfection data is the EPA Alternative Disinfectants and Oxidants Guidance Manual.

14.2 The Advantages of Using Chlorine Dioxide over Chlorine

Chlorine Dioxide Chlor ine

Corrosion Potential Low (E0 = 0.95V) High (E0 = 1.95V)

Taste & Odour SlightProduces chemical small

and taste

Effective pH range 4 - 10 6 - 7.5

Reaction in Water Does not Hydrolyse Hydrolyses

Reaction to Organic Load Resists Neutralisation Readily Neutralised

Reaction to BioFilmHighly Reactive and

PenetrativeLargely ineffective - will not

penetrate

Oxidative Capacity 2.63 1

Safety AspectConsidered Non-

HazardousHazardous Ratings



15. APPENDIX C Nanotech provides technical engineering solutions to challenging water applications in the municipal and industrial markets. Our range of water systems varies from small sewage plants to very high quality water plants where contamination is measured in parts per billion. Disinfection is a big challenge in South Africa, therefore Nanotech has designed technology in-house to deliver an effective solution to industry that is better and safer than existing applications.

Nanotech Water Technologies is a wholly owned subsidiary of Oya Africa (Pty) Ltd. who are a level ONE (1) contributor to BBBEE with a 100% black woman ownership. With a focus on innovation and huge differentiation in technology, Nanotech is one of the few water companies that will guarantee the performance of our systems long after handover. This is achieved by service and maintenance agreements vital to keeping complex systems operating as designed.

Nanotech has developed and successfully commissioned generators for the following chemistries producing chlorine dioxide, as can be seen from our comprehensive reference list included in the tender submission;

Powder formulation - 4-powder solution.Chlorate reduction process.2-chemical process involving HCl and NaClO2.3-chemical process involving NaOCl, HCl, and NaClO2.Ion Exchange and Catalysis.Chlorine and Sodium Chlorite technology

Nanotech’s biggest focus is to eliminate contaminants and by-products completely. We have tested all of the available technologies for years, including the reduction of chlorate to manufacture chlorine dioxide. Each technology has its own advantages and disadvantages, for us it is the understanding of the manufacturing process of chlorine dioxide, the chemistry and the exact benefit derived for our customers which defines the optimal process technology to select. Each industry has its own expectation and benefit of the value chlorine dioxide offers, so we have taken all the lessons learned over the years and designed our systems to cater for these demanding requirements.

For the purpose of costing Nanotech recommends the use of a Chlorine and Sodium Chlorite Chlorine Dioxide Generator - Clear CC.



15.1 Chlorine Dioxide - Disinfection Objectives The main objective is treat water with Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2) to achieve best possible Pre and Post treatment, with the aim to:

- Have overall disinfection - Bacteria Log reductions - Viruses Log reductions - Reduce biofilm in the plant and the distribution system - Minimise byproducts in drinking water - Colour and Odour removal

15.2 Post Treatment - Successes

Our aim is to apply Chlorine Dioxide, to give you a greater control of microbial failures in the reticulation of the Morton Jaffray Water treatment works. Just as we did in Botswana:

The Lotsane dam in Botswana is a shining example of how our technologies have assisted with achieving 100% compliance. The dam feeds 22 villages ranging in distance from 4.2 – 128 km from the point of disinfection. After only 5 weeks of disinfection with chlorine dioxide, compliance levels rose to 100% after a very insufficient 37%. Total coliform's, faecal coliform’s, E.coli and faecal streptococci readings were <1 CFU/100ml at a pH ranging between 7.42 and 8.54.


DISINFECTANT UNIT COST (BWP) NUMBER OF UNITS REQUIRED TOTAL COST (BWP)

Chlorine Dioxide 0.11 1 0.11Chlorine Gas 0.06 8 0.48


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