Som Gollakota, August 10, 2009

A non-profit organization whose sole purpose is to develop and monitor Project Management as an Art and Science, and set forth standards that govern the discipline of Project Management

Agreed by millions world-wide to be “the standard” in project management – regardless of the industry of application

Most prestigious certifications issued to professionals that commit to Project Management as their chosen field

PMI Website – http://www.pmi.org

Deals with managing Information Technology project Standards and Principles of the PMI still apply Technical knowledge is a “nice to have” and not a

“must have” – thanks to PMI’s standardization

Often governed by Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC) methodologies

Multitude of such methodologies exist and are followed by various corporations’ IT Organizations

Methodology choices depend on the type of project, business need, environment, and demand

Agile – Sequential in phases with short iterative cycles Most effective to deliver ever changing and increasing business needs Most suited for highly competitive market and business demands RUP provides a popular, well-defined Agile process (personal favorite)

Waterfall – Definitive phases run sequential with each phase starting after the

previous phase Most effective with fixed set of requirements Still used in about 70% of software development organizations,

according to a 2007 survey

ASAP – Defined by SAP Labs for effective SAP implementations Provides step-by-step instructions and tools to effectively deploy SAP

Review PMI Standards, Phases and processes for Project Management

Review three IT Project Management Methodologies (SDLC Methodologies) mentioned earlier

Align SDLC Phases with PMI Phases Provide a list of PMI Processes, and how they align

with PMI Phases, RUP Phases, Waterfall Phases and ASAP Phases

New Project

PMI

PMI Vs. SDLC – Phase Comparisons

Monitoring and Control

TransitionConstructionElaborationInception Go Live

Go LiveFinal Prep

RealizeBusiness Blueprint

Project Preparation

RUP

ASAP

Changes and their color-coded impacts to the project

Impl. & Depl

Go Live

Integration and Testing

Dev.DesignReq.PlanningSystem

ConceptsWaterfall

ClosingExecutingPlanningInitiating

PMI – Defines Five Phases of a Project Initiating – Is where the project is identified and defined Project Objectives, constraints, assumptions, Stakeholders, any

historical information Dividing large projects into smaller projects and build project charter

Planning – Plan project through final delivery Project management plan, Scope, Requirements, team, WBS,

Activities, Estimates, Schedule, Resources, Budgets, Risks, Quality –everything to do with planning, and project Kickoff

Executing – Is where the chunk of work occurs Final team comes in, works towards meeting the business need

identified in planning and ensuring quality of the deliverable, verifying scope

Monitoring and Control – Requires a slide for itself (see next slide) Closing – Is where the project is delivered, verified, accepted, and

closed A key activity is Lessons Learned and archiving for historic purpose

PMI Phases (Continued) Monitoring and Control (M & C)– Is where the Project Manager’s

prowess (skill and experience) comes handy M & C plans, budgets, scope, schedule, resources, quality, risks,

stakeholders expectations, changes Team building, resource, expectations, performance, reporting etc.

A continuous endeavor in a project through the lifecycle The sooner M & C starts the smoother the project executes

Changes and Change Management The late-breaking changes are very expensive to implement Today’s Reality – Changes occur throughout the project lifecycle Relevant Changes occurred in Planning – Include in current project Closing – Float another, or next version of the, project Changes occurred in early Execution – Relatively less expensive Changes occurred mid- or end of Execution – More expensive (better

to redirect them to new project (next product version)

Rational Unified Process (RUP) – Defines Four Phase Inception Is where most of the PMI-Initiating and PMI-Planning work occurs Planning occurs throughout the project (review, update, and rewrite plans)

Elaboration PMI-Planning tasks (elaborating on requirements, final budget, revising/creating

plans) PMI-Executing tasks (developing prototypes, building any high-risk

requirements, etc) Construction PMI-Executing tasks (building all requirements, verifying them for quality and

scope, etc) Transition Plans written, reviewed and agreed

Transition PMI-Executing tasks scope verification, quality assurance All the PMI-Closing tasks (final scope verification and acceptance, delivery, Go

Live, Lessons Learned, Close contracts, Close project, archive records…) RUP – PMI-Monitoring and Control Because of the iterative nature, all the M & C activities occur through the project

Waterfall – Defines a total of 10 product lifecycle processes System Concepts Phase (PMI-Initiating, PMI-Planning) Project Charter, initial scope/objectives, cost/benefit analysis, risk

management plan, Planning Phase (PMI-Planning) Project planning occurs in this phase including project management plan

Requirements Analysis Phase (PMI-Planning) Gather and define requirements, resource assessments, WBS, Activities,

Cost, Budget Design Phase (PMI-Planning, PMI-Executing) Activities include analyzing requirements for design and system architecture

Development Phase (PMI-Executing) Chunk of the project work (development and white box testing)

Integration and Testing (PMI Executing, PMI-Closing) Integrating developed components, verifying (QA), and final user acceptance

Implementation/Deployment (PMI-Closing) Migrate the new system to production (Go Live) and close the project

Waterfall (Cont…) – Defines three additional phases Not included in PMI’s Project Management processes For a good reason – these relate to Product Lifecycle (not Project) Initiation Phase (First Phase, Occurs before System Concepts) Typically occurs before project comes into existence An idea/opportunity/concept is identified and agreed for undertaking

Operations and Maintenance (After Go Live) Post deployment (Go Live), beyond project closure Monitor and maintain the final result of the project

Disposition (last phase of the lifecycle) End of product lifecycle – defines how the product is decommissioned This activity itself could be a “project” of its own (based on PMI’s

definition of a Project)

ASAP – Accelerated SAP – with Five Phases Project Preparation (PMI-Initiating, PMI-Planning) Blueprint (PMI-Planning and PMI-Executing) Requirements, Scope, “As Is” and “To Be” systems (Design), Gap

Analysis, and build a project blueprint (complete project plan with schedule, tasks, activities, WBS, Resources – the whole nine yards)

Realization (PMI-Executing) Development and implementation of the blueprint Management of scope, stakeholder expectation, schedule,

quality, team building, budget, risks etc. Final Preparation (PMI Executing, PMI-Closing) Testing, verification and user acceptance

Go Live (PMI-Closing) New system is migrated to live production, and project is closed

PMI Process PMI Phase

RUP Phase Waterfall Phase ASAP Phase

Develop Project Charter Initiating Inception System Concepts Project Preparation

Identify Stakeholders Initiating Inception System Concepts Project Preparation

Develop PM Plan Planning Inception Planning Project Preparation

Collect Requirements Planning Inception Requirements Analysis Blueprint

Define Scope Planning Inception Planning, Requirements Analysis

Blueprint

Create WBS Planning Inception Requirements Analysis Blueprint

Define Activities Planning Inception Requirements Analysis Blueprint

Sequence Activities Planning Inception Requirements Analysis Blueprint

Estimate Activity Resources

Planning Inception Requirements Analysis Blueprint

Estimate Activity Duration Planning Inception Requirements Analysis Blueprint

Develop Schedule Planning Inception Requirements Analysis Blueprint

Estimate Costs Planning Inception Requirements Analysis Blueprint

Determine Budget Planning Inception Requirements Analysis Blueprint

Plan Quality Planning Inception Planning Project Preparation

Develop H R Plan Planning Inception Planning Project Preparation

PMI Process PMI Phase

RUP Phase Waterfall Phase ASAP Phase

Plan Communication Planning Inception Planning Project Preparation

Plan Risk Management Planning Inception Planning Project Preparation

Identify Risks Planning All Phases Planning Blueprint

Plan Qualitative Risk Analysis

Planning Inception Planning Blueprint

Plan Quantitative Risk Analysis

Planning Inception Planning Blueprint

Plan Risk Responses Planning Inception Planning Blueprint

Plan Procurements Planning Inception Planning, Requirements Analysis

Blueprint

Direct & Manage Project Execution

Executing All except Inception Design, Development Realization

Perform Quality Assurance Executing Transition System Integration and Testing

Final Preparation

Acquire Project Team Executing Inception Planning, Requirements Analysis

Project Preparation

Develop Project Team Executing Inception, Elaboration

All Phases from Requirements Analysis

Blueprint

Manage Project Team Executing Elaboration, Construction

All Phases from Requirements Analysis

Realization

PMI Process PMI Phase

RUP Phase

Waterfall Phase ASAP Phase

Distribute Information Executing All Phases All Phases from Requirements Analysis Realization, Final PrepManage Stakeholder Expectation

Executing All Phases All Phases from Requirements Analysis Blueprint, Realization

Conduct Procurements Executing Construction Development RealizationMonitor and Control Project Work

Controlling All Phases Development, Integration and Test Realization

Perform Integrated Change Control

Controlling Construction, Transition

Development, Integration and Test Realization, Final Prep

Verify Scope Controlling Transition Integration and Test Final PreparationControl Scope Controlling All except

InceptionDesign, Development, Int. & Test Realization, Final Prep

Control Schedule Controlling All except Inception

Design, Development, Int. & Test Realization, Final Prep

Control Costs Controlling All Phases Development, Integration and Test Realization, Final PrepPerform Quality Control Controlling Transition Integration and Test Final PreparationReport Performance Controlling Transition Integration and Test Final PreparationMonitor and Control Risks Controlling Construction,

TransitionAll Phases from Requirements Analysis Realization, Final Prep

Administer Procurements Controlling Transition Integration and Test Final PreparationClose Project or Phase Closing Transition Go Live Go LiveClose Procurements Closing Transition Go Live Go Live

Thank You