PLUMBING

BY: MA. TERESA A. LOPEZ/ BSIE-4C

WHAT IS PLUMBING ?

• Plumbing the word derives from the , plumbum, as the first effective pipes used

in the roman era were lead pipes. latin for lead.

• is any system that conveys fluids for a wide range of applications.

• Plumbing uses pipes, valves, plumbing fixtures, tanks, and other apparatuses to

convey fluids. heating and cooling (HVAC), waste removal, and potable

water delivery are among the most common uses for plumbing, but it is not

limited to these applications.

WHAT IS PLUMBER?

• A plumber is a tradesperson who specializes in installing and

maintaining systems used for potable (drinking) water, sewage and drainage in plumbing systems. The term dates from ancient times and is related to the latin word for lead, "plumbum"

BASIC PLUMBING SUPPLIES FOR HOME TOOL KITS

1) Propane Torch

• Is A tool normally used for the

application of flame or heat which

uses propane, A

hydrocarbon gas for its fuel.

• Propane and other fuel torches are

most commonly used in the

manufacturing, construction and

metal-working industries.

2) Tongue-And-Groove Pliers

• Also known as water pump pliers,

adjustable pliers, groove-

joint pliers, arc-joint pliers, multi-

grips, tap or pipe spanners,

gland pliers and channel locks—

are a type of slip-joint pliers. They

have serrated jaws generally set 45

to 60 degrees from the handles.

3) Hacksaw

• Is a fine-toothed saw, originally and

principally made for cutting metal. They can

also cut various other materials, such as

plastic and wood;

• Most hacksaws are hand saws with a c-

shaped frame that holds

a blade under tension. Such hacksaws have

a handle, usually a pistol grip, with pins for

attaching a narrow disposable blade.

4) Metal File

• Is one of the most basic

plumbing tools which is

utilized to smooth or remove

hard plastics and metals.

5) Basin Wrench

• Sometimes called a sink wrench, is

a plumbing tool that is used in confined

spaces to turn fasteners that would be

difficult or impossible to reach with

a plumber wrench or other types

of wrenches. for example, the

threaded nuts used to secure faucets to

sinks are often located in deeply

recessed places that can only be

accessed with a basin wrench.

6) Pipe Wrench

• (US), stillson wrench or stillsons (UK)

is an adjustable wrench/spanner used

for turning soft iron pipes and fittings

with a rounded surface. The design of

the adjustable jaw allows it to lock in

the frame, such that any forward

pressure on the handle tends to pull

the jaws tighter together.

7) Hand Auger

• Is a slender, flexible auger used

to dislodge clogs in plumbing.

The plumber's snake is often

reserved for difficult clogs that

cannot be loosened with

a plunger. It is also sometimes

called a toilet jack

8) Adjustable Wrench

• Is an open-end wrench with a

movable jaw, allowing it to be used

with different sizes of fastener head

(nut, bolt, etc.) Rather than just one

fastener size, as with a conventional

fixed spanner.[1] several other names

are in use, including the US

trademark crescent wrench.

9) Tubing cutter

• Is a type of tool used

by plumbers to cut pipe.

Besides producing a clean

cut, the tool is often a

faster, cleaner, and more

convenient way of cutting

pipe than using a hacksaw,

although this depends on

the metal of the pipe.

10) Plunger

• Force cup, or plumber's

helper is a tool used to clear

blockages in drains and pipes.

It consists of a rubber suction

cup with an attached stick

(shaft), usually made of wood

or plastic. A different bellows-

like design also exists, usually

constructed of plastic.

11) Plumber's Snake

• Or closet auger is a drain clearing tool designed specifically for use with a toilet. It is designed to clear the toilet through to the drain pipe under or behind the toilet. For blockages further along in the drain line, waste stack or sewer pipe, a closet auger will not be effective.

• A closet auger has a reach of roughly 3 feet; some models are slightly shorter or longer.

12) Tape Measures

• There are numerous makes and

models of tape measures.

• They vary in blade width and

length.

• The retractable type with a

pocket clip is the most common.

13) Hammer

• Numerous Hammer Types Are

Available With Different Heads,

Claws, And Weights.

• For A Plumber, The Type Of Claw

Is The Most Important Factor

Regarding The Selection Of A

Hammer.

14) Screwdrivers

• Are available in many

lengths and shank

diameters.

• Phillips and slotted head

types are two used by

plumbers.

15) Working Gloves

• Plumbers need gloves to

cover a range of tasks.

Chemical protection is

needed for exposure to

chemicals, solvents, adhesives

and even standing water.

Drill Driver

Utility Knife

Safety Goggles

TOOL BOX

• A plumbing fixture is an exchangeable device which can be connected to

a plumbing system to deliver and drain water.

Common fixtures

A bathtub, bath, or tub (informal) is a large or small container for holding water in which a person.

• A shower is a place in which a person bathes under a spray of typically warm or

hot water. Indoors, there is a drain in the floor. Most showers have temperature,

spray pressure and adjustable showerhead nozzle.

• Is a plumbing fixture or type of sink intended for washing the genitalia, perineum,

inner buttocks, and anus of the human body, and is typically installed in a bathroom.

Lower-cost add-ons combining a toilet seat and "electronic bidet" are becoming

increasingly popular as well. "Bidet" is a french loanword.

• Flush toilets usually incorporate an "S", "U", "J", or "P" shaped bend (called a trap,

such as P trap or S trap) that causes the water in the toilet bowl to collect and act

as a seal against sewer gases (trapping the gases). Since flush toilets are typically

not designed to handle waste on site, their drain pipes must be connected to

waste conveyance and waste treatment systems. When a toilet is flushed,

the wastewater flows into a septic tank or sewage system and from there to

a sewage treatment plant.

• A hose is a flexible hollow tube designed to carry fluids from one location to

another. Hoses are also sometimes called pipes (the word pipe usually refers to

a rigid tube, whereas a hose is usually a flexible one), or more generally tubing.

• The shape of a hose is usually cylindrical (having a circular cross section).

A tap (also spigot or faucet: see usage variations) is a valve controlling the release of a liquid.

• A sink — also known by other names

including sinker, washbowl, hand

basin and wash basin — is a bowl-

shaped plumbing fixture used for

washing hands, dishwashing, and

other purposes.

• Sinks include a drain to remove used

water; this drain may itself include a

strainer and/or shut-off device and an

overflow-prevention device.

Sinks may also have an integrated soap dispenser. When a sink becomes stopped-up or clogged, a person will often resort to use a chemical drain cleaner or a plunger, though most professional plumbers will remove the clog with a drain auger (often called a "plumber's snake").

• A trench drain (also channel drain, line drain, slot drain, linear drain or strip

drain) is a specific type of floor drain containing a dominant trough- or channel-

shaped body. It is used for the rapid evacuation of surface water or for the

containment of utility lines or chemical spills. Employing a solid cover or grating

that is flush with the adjoining surface,.

PROCESS OPERATION IN PLUMBINGAs a plumber, you will be required to:

Measure

Mark out

cut

fabricate

make joint

fix a range of materials.

In most of the cases, this will involve the use of tools to enable you to do this.

Once you have got your tool kit, keep the tools clean and well maintained, this

should ensure a long life and keep down the cost of having to regularly buy

replacements.

a) CARE AND USE OF TOOLS/MATERIAL/SAFETY

b) PREPARATION OF TOOLS/MATERIALS

c) DRAINAGE PIPING AND FITTINGS

d) PIPE CUTTING, REAMING, AND FLANGING OF GAS SYSTEMS

e) DOMESTIC WATER SYSTEMS

f) TESTING PLUMBING SYSTEMS

g) FIXTURE/APPLIANCE INSTALLATION

h) SERVICE/MAINTENANCE

THEORIES OF HOUSE PLUMBING & THEIR APPLICATION IN

SEPTIC TANKS, BATHROOMS & KITCHEN WATER CONNECTION

BY: LOPEZ, MA. TERESA LOPEZ BSIE_HE4C

• A SEPTIC TANK is a watertight chamber made of concrete, fibreglass, PVC or

plastic, through which domestic wastewater (sewage) flows for primary

treatment. septic tank systems are a type of onsite sewage facility (OSSF). They

can be used in areas that are not connected to a sewerage system, such as rural

areas. The treated liquid effluent is commonly disposed in a septic drain

field which provides further treatment. However, groundwater pollution may

occur and can be a problem.

• A septic tank system will be required to collect and treat all waste water. A permit

is required for any works on a septic tank system which includes any addition to

the system, alteration or repair. All household wastes, including toilets, showers,

laundry, All wastes must be contained and retained on the site.

For new houses, the following process is detailed:

1. A land capability assessment (LCA) and/or a soil texture structure & permeability

test must be undertaken by a qualified soil technician, in the area where the

absorption trenches will ultimately be situated,

2. A registered plumber who is familiar with all the current legislation must be

employed

3. Submit a plan detailing how you intend to layout the proposed septic tank

system

4. An application for a permit to install must then be submitted, together with the

results of the LCA and plan.

5. An environmental health officer will then meet with you and/or the plumber on

site to determine if your proposal is satisfactory

6. If the proposal is satisfactory, a permit to install will be issued.

WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

• A home’s water supply system routes municipal

water from the street to your house, where it

branches out to deliver the water to faucets,

showers, toilets, bathtubs, and appliances such

as the water heater, dishwasher, and washing

machine.

• The equipment for this delivery and distribution

is essentially a system of water pipes, fittings,

service valves, and faucets. These pipes and

other fittings are commonly made of plastic,

copper, or galvanized iron. The pipes range in

diameter from 1/2 inch to 4 inches or more.

KITCHEN PLUMBING SYSTEM

• Most kitchens have a fairly simple

plumbing setup that includes hot and

cold water supply lines to the faucets;

a waste line for the sink (or sinks);

and, for kitchens with a gas range, a

gas supply pipe. Many kitchens also

have hookups for a dishwasher,

disposer, ice maker, and/or instant

hot water, but these are generally

tied in to the sink’s plumbing.

• Two plumbing systems are needed to handle a

BATHROOM’S PLUMBING needs:

• Water supply plumbing delivers hot and cold water

to the sinks, tub, toilet, and shower. This system

originates at the municipal supply or other fresh

water source, goes through the meter, and is

delivered to the house. At the water heater, it splits

into two lines—one that carries cold water and the

other that delivers hot water from the water heater

to the fixtures that require it.

• The drain-waste-vent system collects waste water

from fixtures and waste from toilets and delivers

them to the sewer or septic system. Near each of the

sinks, tubs, showers, and toilets, vent pipes exhaust

sewer gases up and out the roof and provide air

pressure so wastes can flow freely.

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THANK YOU!