INDIAN PLUMBING PRACTICEManual on water supply and treatment Ministry of works and housing, Government of India, New Delhi

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIAIS:1172 Code of basic requirements for water supply, drainage and sanitationIS:2065 Code of practice for water supply in buildingsIS:6295 Code of practice for water supply and drainage in high altitudes and/or subzero temperature regionsIS:7558 Code of practice for domestic hot water installations

Practicing plumbers must have license from an appropriate authority.

GRID IRON PATTERN

HOUSE WATER CONNECTION

• Direct supply systemLow-rise dwellings, up to two storeys onlySufficient pressure in mains

• Downtake systemHigh-rise buildingsBooster pumps with underground or terrace storage

• Ferrule on the main for disconnections• Stop-cock at service pipe for connections

HOUSE WATER CONNECTION

DIRECT SYPPLY SYSTEM

INDIRECT SUPPLY SYSTEM

DIRECT OHT SUPPLY TO WC

UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK

UNDERGROUND TANK SUPPLY

HYDRO-PNEUMATIC SYSTEM

HOT WATER SUPPLY• Average Temperature in India –20 0C to 500CTypical Hot Water Requirements, Liter Per Capita per Day, lpcd• Residences with shower/tap 45, with bath tub 135• Factories with showers 90, with ablution only 45• Hospitals 180 per bed, 90 per staff, 10 per visitor• Hostels, etc. 135• Hotels with showers 90, with tubs 135, 45 per staff, 15 per

visitor, Swimming pool 45• Restaurants thrice the number of bed plus twice the number of

seat covers, or 5 per meal• Laundry 20 per kg

HOT WATER SYSTEMS

• Direct SystemHot water circulates between boiler and storage tank and freshwater fed directly into the same circuit makes up as hot water is drawn-off.

• Indirect SystemHot water in the primary circuit is used only to raise temperature of stored water (hot water radiator). It is withdrawn for domestic use from secondary circuit.

DIRECT SYSTEM

HOT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMSSPECIAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Special maintenance and installation control of services installations are required in hot water plumbing systems.

Bacterial growth develops in warm moist environment which causes a disease known as Legionnaires’ disease (name attributed to a group of retired legionnaires who were infected whilst attending a reunion in Philadelphia, USA, in 1976).

Stagnant hot water in plumbing systems favors bacterial growth.A large number of outbreaks of the disease have occurred with some people suffering a prolonged illness similar to pneumonia.

GEYSERSPressure Type Electric Heater

GEYSERS

GEYSERS

INSTANTANEOUS TYPE SYSTEM

EXPLOSION IN GEYSERS

Geysers burst due to failure of electronic circuitry called thermostat.

INSULATION• Prevents heat loss from water and consequent heating of spaces.• Insulation material should be non-corrosive, non-toxic, moisture-

resistant, rot – and vermin – proof, fire – resistant, light, easy to apply, anti-weathering, durabe, good insulation and low thermal conductivity. Characteristics. Density kg/m3, thermal conductivity (kCal per m per hr per 0C)

• Mineral Wool. Fibers spun, melted and blended from selected rocks. Available in loose wool or resin bonded mats and pipe section of various thicknesses.

• Glass Wool or Fiber Glass. Manufactures from pure flint.• Polyurethane. Foams manufactured from resins of polyesters or

polyether based polyol. Rigid slabs and performed pipe sections.• Thermocole. Expanded polystyrene; 98% entrapped air. Used only for

insulation of cold water supply systems.

FIRE FIGHTING REQUIREMENTS

• Upto 15m height. No requirements if occupancy <25.Underground Storage Tank (ST) 50kL, Terrace Tank (TT) Nil

• 15-35m height: ST 100 kL, TT 20 kL• 35-60m height: ST 150 kL, TT Nil• 60-92m height: ST 200 kL, TT Nil• More than 92m: ST 250 kL, TT Nil

NBC GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

• Avoid formation of air locks• Avoid noise transmission • Avoid unsightly arrangement• Smooth joints• Gradual size and direction changes• No direct connection of boilers or hot machinery,

use feed cistern

NBC CONSUMER PIPES REQUIREMENTS

• Underground connection to communication pipe• Use stop-cocks suitably to minimize interruption during repairs of

sections• Do not use booster pumps directly on the service pipe, use it on a

storage tank• Consideration of expansion and contraction or other movements• No service pipe connection with distribution pipe; tanks may

backflow into service pipes causing contamination and overpressure

• No direct service pipe connection with any water closet or urinals; use separate storage tanks instead

• No direct service pipe connection to hot water apparatus

NBC WATER STORAGE REQUIREMENTS

• PurposeTo provide against interruptions of the supply caused by repairs to mains, etc.To reduce the maximum rate of demand on the mainsTo tide over periods of intermittent water supplyTo maintain a storage for firefighting requirements

• ProvisionsGenerally welded, riveted or pressed galvanized steel tanks are used. Steel tanks bitumen coated internally and exterior painted with anti-corrosive weather-resistant paint are also used. Tanks are covered with dust-tight, mosquito-proof lids and are provided with mosquito-proof warning pipes.Stop valve or stop tap at each outlet except overflow pipe

NBC WATER STORAGE REQUIREMENTS

• Storage capacity requirements criteriaHours of supply at sufficiently high pressure to fill up the overhead tankFrequency of replenishment of overhead tanks during 24 hoursRate and regularity of water supplyConsequences of exhausting storage particularly in case of public buildings like hospitals.

• Generally minimum half a day’s supply is stored when the water supply is intermittent and the hours of supply are irregular.

• It is not necessary to have separate storage for flushing and sanitary requirements when there is only one communication pipe provided for water supply to a building. Tap water for flushing purpose from lower level and other domestic purposes from upper level outlets.