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Plug In Water Quality Modules in the SWAT Model
Zhonglong Zhang, PhD, PH, PE, Xinzhong Du, PhD, and Billy Johnson, PhD, PE
2016 International SWAT Conference in Beijing, China
Outline
Plug in water quality modules
Integrating water quality modules into SWAT
Model verification and evaluation
Plug In Water Quality Modules
Water Quality Modules
• Water temperature• General constituents• Nutrients• Contaminants• Mercury
HEC-RAS
AdH SRH-2D
HEC-ResSim
WatershedModels
Plug In Water Quality Modules
Water Quality Data
Water Quality Analysis
Nutrient Simulation Module I (NSMI)
Nutrient Simulation Module I (NSMI) State variables (16)
• Algae (phytoplankton, benthic)• Nitrogen (OrgN, NH4, NO3)• Phosphorous (OrgP, TIP)• Carbon (POC, DOC, DIC)• Organic matter (POM, POM2)• CBOD• DO• Alkalinity• Pathogen
Derived variables• Algal biomass• TON, TKN, TN, DIP, TOP, TP, TOC, CBOD5• Light attenuation, oxygen reaeration rate, pH
Contaminant Simulation Module (CSM)
Contaminant Simulation Module (CSM)
Multi-media kinetics• Water column• Underlying sediment layer
Multiple phase partitioning (equilibrium and non-equilibrium)• Water• DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon)• Algae• Organic matter• Inorganic solids
Eight (8) biochemical transformation processes• Ionization (5 species)• Degradation• Hydrolysis • Photolysis (Photodegradation) • Volatilization • User-defined extra reaction (second-order) • Transformations and daughter products
Soil and Water Assessment Tool
Weather (precip, air temp, etc.)
Watershed outlet
Contaminant Simulation Modules in SWAT
Atmosphere
DepositionWet and dry
Multiple soil layers Leaching
Baseflow
External loadings
Partition and Reaction
Lateral flow
Top soil layerOverland flow
Stream
Wash offPlant
Groundwater
Landscape Aquatic
Model Testing and Verification -Proof of Concept
Lower Minnesota River Watershed
SWAT Model
Mainstem HEC-RAS Model
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500200
205
210
215
220
225
Station (m)
Ele
vatio
n (m
)
Legend
EG M ax WS
WS Max WS
Crit Max WS
Ground
Levee
Ineff
Bank Sta
.15
.065 .15
.026
.15
.065 .07 .028
.07
Modeled and Observed FLow
Modeled and Observed orgN
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
10/1/2000 10/1/2001 10/1/2002 10/1/2003 10/1/2004 10/1/2005
kg/d
ayorgN load
Load_ObsLoad_SWAT
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10/1/2000 10/1/2001 10/1/2002 10/1/2003 10/1/2004 10/1/2005
mg/
L
OrgN concentrationorgN_Obs
orgN_SWAT
Modeled and Observed NO3+NO2
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
10/1/2000 10/1/2001 10/1/2002 10/1/2003 10/1/2004 10/1/2005
kg/d
ay
NOx LoadLoad_ObsLoad_SWAT
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
10/1/2000 10/1/2001 10/1/2002 10/1/2003 10/1/2004 10/1/2005
mg/
L
NOx concentration NOx_Obs
NOx_SWAT
HEC-RAS Modeled and Observed Data
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 20060
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
C:\MNriver\RAS\101413\LMNRRAS.wq03
Time
Nitr
ate
Nitr
ogen
(NO
3) (m
g/l)
Legend
Obs: Minnesota Lower 5601.1
Nitrate Nitrogen(NO3) (mg/l)
Simulation
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 20060.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
C:\MNriver\RAS\101413\LMNRRAS.wq03
Time
Am
mon
ium
Nitr
ogen
(mg/
l)
Legend
Obs: Minnesota Lower 5601.1
Ammonium Nitrogen (mg/l)
Simulation
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 20060.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
C:\MNriver\RAS\101413\LMNRRAS.wq03
Time
Org
anic
Nitr
ogen
(mg/
l)
Legend
Obs: Minnesota Lower 5601.1
Organic Nitrogen (mg/l)
Simulation
Modeled and Observed orgP
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
10/1/2000 10/1/2001 10/1/2002 10/1/2003 10/1/2004 10/1/2005
kg/d
ay
orgP LoadLoad_Obs
Load_SWAT
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
10/1/2000 10/1/2001 10/1/2002 10/1/2003 10/1/2004 10/1/2005
mg/
L
orgP concentrationorgP_Obs
orgP_SWAT
Modeled and Observed DIP
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
10/1/2000 10/1/2001 10/1/2002 10/1/2003 10/1/2004 10/1/2005
kg/d
ay
DIP load
Load_obsload_SWAT
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
10/1/2000 10/1/2001 10/1/2002 10/1/2003 10/1/2004 10/1/2005
mg/
L
DIP concentration DIP_Obs
DIP_SWAT
HEC-RAS Modeled and Observed Data
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 20060.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
C:\MNriver\RAS\101413\LMNRRAS.wq03
Time
Orth
opho
spha
te (m
g/l)
Legend
Obs: Minnesota Lower 5601.1
Orthophosphate (mg/l)
Simulation
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 20060.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
C:\MNriver\RAS\101413\LMNRRAS.wq03
Time
Org
anic
Pho
spho
rus
(mg/
l)
Legend
Obs: Minnesota Lower 5601.1
Organic Phosphorus (mg/l)
Simulation
Integrated Watershed and Riverine Modeling Systems
DSSNSMI
CSM
SWAT
Summary
Water quality modules (NSM and CSM) have been integrated into SWAT• Further testing and verification• Refining model linkage
Weakness of the SWAT in-stream and water body processes• Simplified hydrological routing• Simplified water quality processes
Linked SWAT and riverine (HEC-RAS) modeling system in support of environmental and ecosystem studies
